United States Fidelity and Guaranty Co. v. Fendi Adele S.R.L.

Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit·Decided May 17, 2016·No. 14-3435-cv, 14-3474-cv·Published

Opinion

14-3435-cv, 14-3474-cv United States Fidelity and Guaranty Co. v Fendi Adele S.R.L. et al

14‐3435‐cv, 14‐3474‐cv United States Fidelity and Guaranty Co. v. Fendi Adele S.R.L. et al.

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

August Term 2015

(Argued: September 17, 2015 Decided: May 17, 2016)

Docket Nos. 14‐3435‐cv, 14‐3474‐cv

UNITED STATES FIDELITY AND GUARANTY COMPANY, Plaintiff‐Counter‐Defendant‐Appellee, v.

FENDI ADELE S.R.L., FENDI S.R.L., FENDI NORTH AMERICA, INC.,

Defendants‐Counter‐Claimants‐ Appellants,

BURLINGTON COAT FACTORY WAREHOUSE CORPORATION, COHOES FASHIONS, INC.,

Intervenors‐Defendants‐Counter‐ Claimants‐Appellants,

ASHLEY REED TRADING, INC., SCOTT RESSLER, JAMES RESSLER, Defendants‐Counter‐Claimants.

ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

Before: SACK, CHIN, and DRONEY, Circuit Judges.

Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Berman, J.) in this insurance coverage case. A seller of merchandise was insured under liability insurance policies for any damages it was required to pay because of an ʺadvertising injury.ʺ During the coverage period, it sold goods bearing counterfeit trademarks. In two underlying lawsuits, it was found liable for, inter alia, trademark infringement. The insurer brought this action below seeking a declaration that it owed no duty to indemnify the insured under the policies. The district court held that the policies did not cover the losses because they were not the result of an ʺadvertising injury.ʺ AFFIRMED.

ROBERT J. TRACY (Stefanie Robin Munsky, on the brief), Clifton Budd & DeMaria LLP, New York, New York, for Plaintiff‐Counter‐ Defendant‐Appellee United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company.

VICTOR GENECIN (Richard L. Mattiaccio and Corrine A. Irish, on the brief), Squire Patton Boggs, LLP, New York, New York, for Defendants‐Counter‐Claimants‐Appellants Fendi Adele S.R.L., Fendi S.R.L., and Fendi North America, Inc.

GEORGE M. VINCI, JR. (David B. Picker, on the brief), Spector Gadon & Rosen, P.C., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for Intervenor‐ Defendants‐Counter‐Claimants‐Appellants Burlington Coat Factory Warehouse Corporation and Cohoes Fashions, Inc.

CHIN, Circuit Judge:

In this case, a seller of merchandise was insured under two liability insurance policies for any damages it was obligated to pay because of an ʺadvertising injury.ʺ During the coverage period, it sold goods bearing counterfeit trademarks. In two underlying lawsuits, it was found liable for, inter alia, trademark infringement. The insurer brought this action below seeking a declaration that it owed no duty to indemnify the insured under the policies. The district court held that the policies did not cover the losses because they were not the result of an ʺadvertising injury.ʺ We agree, and we therefore affirm.

BACKGROUND

A. The Facts Defendants‐Counter‐Claimants‐Appellants Fendi Adele S.R.L., Fendi S.R.L., and Fendi North America, Inc. (collectively, ʺFendiʺ) manufacture luxury handbags, shoulder bags, purses, wallets, and other items, and own associated federally‐registered trademarks. Ashley Reed Trading, Inc. (ʺAshley Reedʺ) engages in the purchase and sale of off‐price branded handbags and other luxury goods in New York and elsewhere, and Scott Ressler and James Ressler are its principals. Intervenors‐Defendants‐Counter‐Claimants‐Appellants Burlington Coat Factory Warehouse Corporation and its subsidiary Cohoes Fashions, Inc. (together, ʺBurlingtonʺ) purchase clothing and other merchandise at wholesale and resell to the public at discounted prices. Burlington regularly purchased merchandise from Ashley Reed.

During the relevant time period, Ashley Reed sold counterfeit Fendi goods ‐‐ fashion accessories that were not Fendi products, but that displayed one or more Fendi trademarks and otherwise reproduced the appearance of genuine Fendi products ‐‐ to Burlington and others.

Plaintiff‐Counter‐Defendant‐Appellee United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company (ʺUSF&Gʺ) is an insurance company that provides commercial, property, and liability insurance. It issued three liability insurance policies to Ashley Reed between 2003 and 2006. Two of the policies are at issue in this case ‐‐ the 2003 Policy, effective February 8, 2003 through February 8, 2004, and the 2004 Policy, effective February 8, 2004 through February 8, 2006 (together, the ʺPoliciesʺ).

The Policies provide that USF&G will ʺpay those sums that the insured becomes legally obligated to pay as damages because of . . . ʹadvertising injuryʹ to which this insurance applies.ʺ App. at 383, 964. ʺAdvertisingʺ is defined as ʺattracting the attention of others by any means for the purpose of seeking customers or supporters or increasing sales or business.ʺ Id. at 400, 981. ʺAdvertising injuryʺ includes injury resulting from four specified ʺoffenses,ʺ including: ʺc. The use of anotherʹs advertising idea in your ʹadvertisingʹ; [and] d. Infringement of anotherʹs copyright, trade dress or slogan in your ʹadvertising.ʹʹʹ Id. at 400, 981.

B. The Underlying Lawsuits 1. The First Action In January 2006, Fendi sued Ashley Reed for trademark counterfeiting, false designation of origin, and trademark dilution in violation of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1114(1)(a)1125(a), and 1125(c), and unfair competition and trademark dilution under New York law (the ʺFirst Actionʺ). Fendi sought treble damages pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1117(b), on the ground that Ashley Reed intentionally used the Fendi trademarks with knowledge that they were counterfeit. The district court entered a permanent injunction, and awarded Fendi treble damages, prejudgment interest, fees, and costs.

On appeal, this Court affirmed, but vacated the district courtʹs limitation of the damages award to counterfeits sold by Ashley Reed between 2005 and 2006 and remanded for a determination of whether damages should be awarded for the entire 2001 to 2006 period that Ashley Reed had infringed. On April 26, 2013, the district court entered on remand an award reflecting the amount of Ashley Reedʹs sales of counterfeit goods from 2001 to 2006, trebled, as well as attorneysʹ fees and costs, for a total monetary award of $34,650,885.91.

USF&G initially denied coverage for the First Action, by letter dated May 11, 2006. It later agreed, however, to pay for the defense of the action, subject to a reservation of rights letter, but continuing to deny indemnification.

2. The Second Action In January 2006, Fendi separately sued Burlington, alleging the sale of counterfeit Fendi‐branded merchandise that Burlington had purchased from Ashley Reed (the ʺSecond Actionʺ). Burlington asserted third‐party claims against Ashley Reed. Fendi and Burlington settled as to Fendiʹs claims against Burlington, and on April 5, 2012, Burlington obtained a judgment requiring Ashley Reed to pay it damages, attorneysʹ fees, costs, and interest totaling $248,257.14. This amount reflected Burlingtonʹs profits from the sale of counterfeit goods it had purchased from Ashley Reed, as well as attorneysʹ fees, costs, and interest. See Fendi Adele S.R.L. v. Burlington Coat Factory Warehouse Corp., 867 F. Supp. 2d 427, 434, 438 (S.D.N.Y. 2012). Unlike in the First Action, the damages here were not trebled. Id. at 433‐34. C. The Instant Action On July 12, 2011, USF&G commenced this action below against Fendi and the Ashley Reed defendants, seeking a declaration that it owed no

duty under the Policies to indemnify Ashley Reed with respect to the First Action. Fendi asserted a counterclaim seeking indemnification for the judgment entered against Ashley Reed in the First Action. Burlington was given permission to intervene to seek indemnification under the Policies for the judgment entered against Ashley Reed in the Second Action. Cross‐motions for summary judgment followed.

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