United States Ex Rel. Polymeris v. Trudell

Supreme Court

United States Ex Rel. Polymeris v. Trudell

284 U.S. 279, 52 S. Ct. 143, 76 L. Ed. 291, 1932 U.S. LEXIS 871

CourtSupreme Court of the United States

DecidedFebruary 15, 1932

Docket162

StatusPublished

Cited by42 cases

This text of 284 U.S. 279 (United States Ex Rel. Polymeris v. Trudell) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of the United States primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

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United States Ex Rel. Polymeris v. Trudell, 284 U.S. 279, 52 S. Ct. 143, 76 L. Ed. 291, 1932 U.S. LEXIS 871 (1932).

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Opinion

Mr. Justice Holmes

delivered the opinion of the Court.

The relators, Aspasia Polymeris and her daughter Antigone, are Greek citizens who lawfully entered the United States in 1909 and lived for a number of years in New York City, which became and remains their domicil. In 1923, on account of the illness of Aspasia’s husband, they went back to Greece with the intention, which the courts below found that they retained, of making only a temporary visit. The death of the husband and the necessity of settling his estate prolonged their stay until 1924. Beginning in that year they made several unsuccessful applications to the United States Consul General at Athens for documents that would permit them to return to New York. Finally, in 1929, they got authority to cross Canada, on a pretended trip from Greece to Japan, and, in 1930, presented themselves at St. Albans, Vermont, for admission to the United States. They were taken into custody by the immigration inspector and sought release by habeas corpus, on the. ground that they were entitled to enter the country. It was held that they “ were properly excluded under § 13 (a) of the Immigration Act of May 26, 1924, 43 Stat. 153, 161, since the Secretary of Labor did not admit them in his discretion, . . . and neither presented an unexpired valid immigration visa or an unexpired valid permit to reenter in accordance with the regulations promulgated under § 13 (b) of that Act.” 49 F. (2d) 730. A contrary decision was reached in Johnson v. Keating, 17 F. (2d) 50. Therefore a writ of certiorari was granted by this Court.

The relators have no right to enter the United States unless.it has been given to them by the United States.' *281 The burden of proof is upon them to show that they have the right. Immigration Act of 1924, § 23, 43 Stat. 165; Code, Title 8, § 221. By § 13, and the regulations under it, as remarked by the court below, a returning alien can not enter unless he has either an immigration visa or a return permit. The relators must show not only that they ought to be admitted but that the United States, by the only voice authorized to express its will, has said so. Obviously it has not done so, and therefore the judgment must be affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.

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Mr. Justice Holmes

delivered the opinion of the Court.

The relators, Aspasia Polymeris and her daughter Antigone, are Greek citizens who lawfully entered the United States in 1909 and lived for a number of years in New York City, which became and remains their domicil. In 1923, on account of the illness of Aspasia’s husband, they went back to Greece with the intention, which the courts below found that they retained, of making only a temporary visit. The death of the husband and the necessity of settling his estate prolonged their stay until 1924. Beginning in that year they made several unsuccessful applications to the United States Consul General at Athens for documents that would permit them to return to New York. Finally, in 1929, they got authority to cross Canada, on a pretended trip from Greece to Japan, and, in 1930, presented themselves at St. Albans, Vermont, for admission to the United States. They were taken into custody by the immigration inspector and sought release by habeas corpus, on the. ground that they were entitled to enter the country. It was held that they “ were properly excluded under § 13 (a) of the Immigration Act of May 26, 1924, 43 Stat. 153, 161, since the Secretary of Labor did not admit them in his discretion, . . . and neither presented an unexpired valid immigration visa or an unexpired valid permit to reenter in accordance with the regulations promulgated under § 13 (b) of that Act.” 49 F. (2d) 730. A contrary decision was reached in Johnson v. Keating, 17 F. (2d) 50. Therefore a writ of certiorari was granted by this Court.

The relators have no right to enter the United States unless.it has been given to them by the United States.' *281 The burden of proof is upon them to show that they have the right. Immigration Act of 1924, § 23, 43 Stat. 165; Code, Title 8, § 221. By § 13, and the regulations under it, as remarked by the court below, a returning alien can not enter unless he has either an immigration visa or a return permit. The relators must show not only that they ought to be admitted but that the United States, by the only voice authorized to express its will, has said so. Obviously it has not done so, and therefore the judgment must be affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.

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284 U.S. 279, 52 S. Ct. 143, 76 L. Ed. 291, 1932 U.S. LEXIS 871, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-ex-rel-polymeris-v-trudell-scotus-1932.

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