United States ex rel. Egbert v. Warden

311 F. Supp. 609, 1970 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13107
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. New York
DecidedJanuary 22, 1970
DocketNo. 69 Civ. 5618
StatusPublished

This text of 311 F. Supp. 609 (United States ex rel. Egbert v. Warden) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States ex rel. Egbert v. Warden, 311 F. Supp. 609, 1970 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13107 (S.D.N.Y. 1970).

Opinion

MANSFIELD, District Judge.

Petitioner, who is presently held in the House of Detention in Long Island City pursuant to a warrant issued for his arrest as a parole violator, seeks a writ of habeas corpus directing his release on grounds that there was no reasonable cause for the issuance of the warrant. The facts alleged — which we take as true in the absence of contradiction by the respondent — are as follows:

Petitioner was convicted in New York County of manslaughter in late 1964 or early 1965 and sentenced to two and one-half to five years in state prison. He was released from prison on March 16, 1967, and remained on parole without complaint of violation until November 25, 1969. On that date he received a telephone call from his parole officer, who requested that he come down to the office “to sign some papers.” When he did so on the following day after work, he was locked up and has remained in custody ever since.

Petitioner’s parole officer advised him that a telephoned complaint had been made against him, reporting that during a verbal altercation on the telephone on November 23 with the stepfather of his son Vincent, petitioner had threatened “to come over there and shoot him,” or words to that effect. It appears that the resulting inference that petitioner possessed a gun (which, if true, would have constituted a violation of the conditions of his parole) served to supply the requisite “reasonable cause” for the warrant for petitioner’s arrest and detention.1 [610]*610It also apparently served as the basis for warrantless searches of the apartments of petitioner’s sister and fiancee. Petitioner denied that either he or anyone else in his family had a gun, and it does not appear that any weapon was in fact found.

Attempts by petitioner’s attorney, Mr. William Fuller, to discover the basis for his client’s detention, or indeed even to see petitioner in jail, have been severely hampered by the insistence of the parole authorities that since petitioner will not be entitled to be represented by counsel at his parole revocation hearing, Correction Law § 218,2 there is no reason to allow a lawyer any access whatsoever either to petitioner or to any information about him. Mr. Fuller was finally allowed to visit petitioner, after pursuing his request well up the parole system’s chain of command, but is still forced to rely on what little the parole authorities have told his client for information as to the alleged parole violation and the procedures followed by the parole authorities in arresting and jailing petitioner.

Petitioner does not contend that he is entitled to representation by counsel at the parole revocation hearing — which, after nearly two months, has still not been held.3 Nor does he ask this court to hold such a revocation hearing in place of the parole board. His basic contention is simply that there was no reasonable cause to believe that he had violated the conditions of his parole in any important respect, Correction Law § 216,4 that the warrant for his arrest and detention was therefore invalid, and in consequence that he is being unlawfully deprived of his liberty. The remedy he seeks, apart from his ultimate goal of release, is a hearing at which the facts surrounding the issuance of the warrant may be examined to see whether the parole authorities did have any substantial basis for the issuance of the warrant, or whether, as he contends, their action was arbitrary, capricious and without foundation in fact.

Petitioner has made no application to any court of the state of New York for the relief he seeks here. He neverthe[611]*611less urges that he has met the exhaustion requirements of 28 U.S.C. § 2254. “If no remedy is available under state law at the time petitioner wants to raise his contention, then he need not exhaust. Fay v. Noia [372 U.S. 391, 83 S.Ct. 822, 9 L.Ed.2d 837 (1963)]. That is the allegation in the instant petition.” It is petitioner’s claim that the New York courts will take the same view of his right to counsel as the parole authorities and will, as his attorney puts it, “throw the statute [Correction Law § 218] right in my face and I won’t get a hearing.”

If we agreed with petitioner that the New York state courts would certainly refuse to entertain his claims, we might well accept his contention that there is no need for exhaustion of state remedies in his case. Our research, however, suggests not only that petitioner has an excellent chance of obtaining the hearing he seeks on the validity of the warrant for his arrest, but also that he might be successful in arguing more broadly that he is entitled to representation by counsel at any subsequent parole revocation hearing. Accordingly, we dismiss his petition for failure to meet the exhaustion requirements of 28 U.S.C. § 2254.

As Justice Chimera wrote in Menechino v. Division of Parole, 57 Misc.2d 865, 293 N.Y.S.2d 741 (Sup.Ct., Spec.T., N.Y.County, 1968), rev’d, 32 A.D.2d 761, 301 N.Y.S.2d 350 (2d Dept. 1969):

“The present dialogue and decisional trend throughout the land seems to suggest that at any stage of any proceeding involving a person’s liberty, an ‘accused’ is entitled to a hearing as a matter of constitutional right; he must be afforded the same opportunity to defend himself and explain his actions as that afforded a defendant in a court action; that both the right to counsel and to meaningful advice with respect to such right are concomitants of such a hearing and perhaps the most important individuating notes of due process.” (293 N.Y.S.2d at 742)

New York has not yet gone so far in the case of post-conviction proceedings; it is, for example, settled that a prospective parolee has no constitutional right to be represented by counsel at a hearing before the prison board of parole. Briguglio v. New York State Board of Parole, 24 N.Y.2d 21, 298 N.Y.S.2d 704, 246 N.E. 2d 512 (1969). On the other hand, there is solid authority for the proposition that in a revocation of probation proceeding— where the sentence imposed by the trial court may be changed (Code Cr.Proc. § 935) — the alleged violator is entitled not only to counsel but to be informed of that right. People v. Hamilton, 26 A.D.2d 134, 271 N.Y.S.2d 694 (4th Dept. 1966); People v. Reynolds, 25 A.D.2d 487, 266 N.Y.S.2d 604 (4th Dept. 1966); People ex rel. Decker v. Martin, 57 Misc.2d 57, 291 N.Y.S.2d 408 (Sup.Ct., Onondaga County, 1968). On the question of the right to counsel at a parole revocation hearing the cases are' divided, and the Court of Appeals has not yet settled the issue. The majority view is that there is no such right, and that the legislature made a permissible policy determination in providing, in § 218 of the Correction Law, that alleged parole violators shall be given “an opportunity to appear personally, but not through counsel or others” to explain the charges made against them. People ex rel. Johnson v. Follette, 58 Misc.2d 474, 295 N.Y.S.2d 565 (Sup.Ct., Dutchess County, 1968); Menechino v. Division of Parole, 32 A.D.2d 761, 301 N.Y.S.2d 350 (1st Dept. 1969), rev’g 57 Misc.2d 865, 293 N.Y.S.2d 741 (Sup.Ct., Spec.T„ N.Y.County, 1968); People ex rel. Smith v. Deegan, 32 A.D.2d 940, 303 N.Y.S.2d 789 (2d Dept. 1969); People ex rel. Ochs v.

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Fay v. Noia
372 U.S. 391 (Supreme Court, 1963)
Mempa v. Rhay
389 U.S. 128 (Supreme Court, 1967)
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246 N.E.2d 512 (New York Court of Appeals, 1969)
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26 A.D.2d 134 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1966)
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29 A.D.2d 128 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1968)
Menechino v. Division of Parole
32 A.D.2d 761 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1969)
People ex rel. Harris v. Mancusi
32 A.D.2d 873 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1969)
People ex rel. Rodriguez v. Mancusi
32 A.D.2d 874 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1969)
People ex rel. Smith v. Deegan
32 A.D.2d 940 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1969)
People ex rel. Ochs v. La Vallee
33 A.D.2d 80 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1969)
People ex rel. Decker v. Martin
57 Misc. 2d 57 (New York Supreme Court, 1968)
Menechino v. Division of Parole
57 Misc. 2d 865 (New York Supreme Court, 1968)
People ex rel. Johnson v. Follette
58 Misc. 2d 474 (New York Supreme Court, 1968)
People v. Simons
240 N.E.2d 22 (New York Court of Appeals, 1968)
People ex rel. Combs v. La Vallee
239 N.E.2d 743 (New York Court of Appeals, 1968)

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Bluebook (online)
311 F. Supp. 609, 1970 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13107, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-ex-rel-egbert-v-warden-nysd-1970.