United National Insurance v. Waterfront Realty Corp.

777 F. Supp. 254, 1991 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15536, 1991 WL 242516
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. New York
DecidedOctober 25, 1991
DocketNo. 89 Civ. 4525 (MJL)
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 777 F. Supp. 254 (United National Insurance v. Waterfront Realty Corp.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United National Insurance v. Waterfront Realty Corp., 777 F. Supp. 254, 1991 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15536, 1991 WL 242516 (S.D.N.Y. 1991).

Opinion

OPINION AND ORDER

LOWE, District Judge.

Before this court is plaintiff United National Insurance Co.’s (“UNI”) motion for summary judgment pursuant to F.R.C.P. 56, and for a declaratory judgment stating that UNI has no duty to defend or indemnify the defendant Waterfront Realty Corp. (“Waterfront”), and the Tunnel, Inc. (“Tunnel”) in the pending state court action entitled Lourdes Ortiz v. The Tunnel, Inc. and Waterfront Realty Corp. Defendant Waterfront opposes this motion and makes a cross motion for summary judgment and for a declaratory judgment stating that UNI does have a duty to defend and indemnify defendant Lourdes Ortiz. Ms. Ortiz also opposes the plaintiffs summary judgment motion and makes her own cross motion for summary judgment and sanctions against UNI pursuant to F.R.C.P. 11. For the reasons set forth herein, UNI’s motion is denied, Waterfront’s motion is granted, and Ms. Ortiz’s motion is granted in part and denied in part.

BACKGROUND

The following facts are not disputed by any of the parties. In 1988, UNI extended a General Liability Policy to the Tunnel, a dance club located in New York City, and its landlord, Waterfront, which ran from July 16, 1988 to July 16, 1989. Amended Complaint and Demand for Jury Trial at 1112 (hereinafter Complaint). Included in the policy is a list of occurrences that are excluded from coverage. Among those is an assault and battery exclusion which relieves the insurer from liability for claims “arising out of an assault and/or battery, whether caused by or at the instigation of, or at the direction of, or omission by, the Insured, and/or his employees.” See Ex. A to Complaint.

On July 17, 1988, Ms. Ortiz was a patron of the Tunnel. Defendant’s Memorandum of Law at 1 (hereinafter Bryer Memo). During the course of her stay, Ms. Ortiz had occasion to use the women’s bathroom. She alleges that both the men’s and women’s lavatories were open to and used by both sexes, and that this was known to employees of the Tunnel. Id. Ms. Ortiz claims that while using a stall in the women’s bathroom, an unidentified man entered her stall, threatened her with a gun, and raped and sodomized her. Id. She then filed suit in state court against the Tunnel and Waterfront for the physical and emotional damage done to her as a result.

In response to this suit, UNI began the present action to deny any liability to Waterfront, the Tunnel or Ms. Ortiz, arguing that the attack on Ms. Ortiz is covered by the assault and battery exclusion. Complaint at ¶¶ 13-18. Additionally, UNI seeks a judgment declaring (on the same grounds) that it has no obligation to defend or indemnify Waterfront or the Tunnel. Complaint at ¶1¶ 19-23.

DISCUSSION

Under F.R.C.P. 56(c), a party’s motion for summary judgment will be granted if there is “no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” See also Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2510, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986) (“[Sjummary judgment will not lie if the dispute about a material fact is ‘genuine,’ that is, if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party.”); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 2552, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986) [256]*256(“[T]he plain language of Rule 56(c) mandates the entry of summary judgment.... against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial.”)

A party opposing such a motion must do more than deny the information contained in a properly supported motion for summary judgment. According to F.R.Civ.P. 56(e), an opposing party “may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of [their]_ pleadings but [their]_ response .... must set forth specific facts showing there is a genuine issue for trial.” Since the material facts in this case are not in dispute, the sole issue to be determined here is how the assault and battery exclusion is to be interpreted under New York law.1

In support of its motion, UNI has argued that, despite Ms. Ortiz’s allegation that she was raped, the attack on her is still an assault and battery for the purposes of the relevant exclusionary clause. Therefore, they allege that there is no insurance coverage for the incident. Plaintiff’s Memorandum of Law at 4 (hereinafter Schwartz Memo). Using Black’s Law Dictionary as their authority, UNI goes on to submit that an assault is simply “ ‘any unlawful touching of another without justification.’ ” Plaintiff’s Reply Memorandum of Law in Further Support at 3 (hereinafter Schwartz Reply Memo). They maintain that the language employed in the assault and battery exclusion is clear and unambiguous on this point. Schwartz Reply Memo at 5.

The defendants argue that UNI’s reading of the assault and battery exclusion is overbroad and that the clause is ambiguous. Waterfront submits that there is no evidence to support UNI’s contention that rape and sodomy “are covered by the [assault and battery] clause’s exclusionary language or understood or intended by the parties to the insurance contract to be covered by the clause.” Herland Memo at 3.

It is a well-established principle of insurance law in the state of New York that “any ambiguity in an insurance policy must be construed against the insurer, the draftsman of the policy.” Lavanant v. General Acc. Ins. Co., 164 A.D.2d 73, 561 N.Y.S.2d 164, 168 (1st Dep’t.1990). See also Ogden Corp. v. Travelers Indem. Co., 681 F.Supp. 169, 173 (S.D.N.Y.1988) (“In the field of insurance contract provisions, the general rule is to construe ambiguities in favor of the insured and against the insurer.”); Milstein v. Ortner, 65 Misc.2d 649, 318 N.Y.S.2d 629, 632 (N.Y.Civ.Ct.1966) (“[I]f there be doubt or uncertainty as to the meaning of language in [a].... policy, any resultant ambiguity is to be resolved against the insurance company.”) This is especially true for exclusionary clauses, where an insurance carrier is attempting to deny liability on the basis of such an exception. Ogden Corp., 681 F.Supp. at 173; Technicon Elec. Corp. v. American Home Assur. Corp., 74 N.Y.2d 66, 73, 544 N.Y.S.2d 531, 542 N.E.2d 1048 (1989); Servidone Constr. v. Security Insur. Co., 64 N.Y.2d 419, 421, 488 N.Y.S.2d 139, 477 N.E.2d 441 (1985). The burden is on the insurance company to prove that the claim is not covered by the policy and that the exclusionary clause is subject to no other interpretation except their own. Therefore, if UNI “does not establish that.... [the claim] falls entirely within the policy exclusion, it will have failed to sustain its burden.” Servidone,

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Bluebook (online)
777 F. Supp. 254, 1991 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15536, 1991 WL 242516, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-national-insurance-v-waterfront-realty-corp-nysd-1991.