Umarov v. Bondi

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
• Decided: September 24, 2025
• Docket: 23-6893
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

23-6893 Umarov v. Bondi BIA A088 427 584

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 24th day of September, two thousand twenty-five.

PRESENT: RICHARD J. SULLIVAN, ALISON J. NATHAN, MARIA ARAÚJO KAHN, Circuit Judges. _____________________________________

KHUSAN BALTABAEVICH UMAROV, Petitioner,

v. 23-6893 NAC PAMELA BONDI, UNITED STATES ATTORNEY GENERAL, Respondent. _____________________________________ FOR PETITIONER: Tatiana S. Aristova, Esq., Plainsboro, NJ.

FOR RESPONDENT: Brian M. Boynton, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General; Anna Juarez, Senior Litigation Counsel; Lynda A. Do, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration Litigation, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC.

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION of this petition for review of a Board of

Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision, it is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

DECREED that the petition for review is DISMISSED.

Petitioner Khusan Baltabaevich Umarov, a native and citizen of Uzbekistan,

seeks review of a decision of the BIA denying his motions to: (1) terminate his

removal proceedings to apply for adjustment of status; and (2) grant him a remand

to permit him to apply for cancellation of removal. In re Khusan Baltabaevich

Umarov, No. A 088 427 584 (B.I.A. July 21, 2023). We assume the parties’ familiarity

with the underlying facts and procedural history.

We review both the denial of a motion to reopen and the denial of a motion

to remand for abuse of discretion. Penaranda Arevalo v. Bondi, 130 F.4th 325, 335

(2d Cir. 2025); Jian Hui Shao v. Mukasey, 546 F.3d 138, 169 (2d Cir. 2008). Such abuse

may be found only where the BIA's decision-making was “arbitrary or capricious,”

2 Poradisova v. Gonzales, 420 F.3d 70, 77 (2d Cir. 2005), as reflected by a decision that

“provides no rational explanation” for the agency’s conclusion, “inexplicably

departs from established policies, is devoid of any reasoning, or contains only

summary or conclusory statements,” Qin Wen Zheng v. Gonzales, 500 F.3d 143, 146

(2d Cir. 2007) (internal quotation marks omitted).

A respondent in removal proceedings is limited to one motion to reopen

that generally must be filed within 90 days of the removal order. 8 U.S.C.

§ 1229a(c)(7)(A), (C)(i); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2). Umarov does not dispute that the

motions he filed in 2018 and 2019, and renewed on remand in 2021, were untimely

because they were filed more than 90 days after the BIA’s 2014 decision affirming

his removal order. And he has identified no statutory or regulatory exceptions to

the deadline to apply for cancellation of removal or adjustment of status based on

eligibility attained after the removal order. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C) (listing

exceptions); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3) (same); Matter of Yauri, 25 I. & N. Dec. 103, 105

(B.I.A. 2009) (“[U]ntimely motions to reopen to pursue an application for

adjustment of status . . . do not fall within any of the statutory or regulatory

exceptions to the time limits for motions to reopen before the Board and will

3 ordinarily be denied.”). He has likewise abandoned his argument that the BIA

should have equitably tolled the 90-day period due to the intervening Supreme

Court decision in Pereira v. Sessions, 585 U.S. 198 (2018). Instead, he only challenges

the BIA’s refusal to exercise its discretion to sua sponte reopen his removal

proceedings despite the time limit. See 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(a).

But “the decision to grant or deny a motion to reopen is solely within the

discretion of the agency.” Mahmood v. Holder, 570 F.3d 466, 469 (2d Cir. 2009)

(alterations accepted). We have jurisdiction to review such a denial only “where

the Agency may have declined to exercise its sua sponte authority because it

misperceived the legal background and thought, incorrectly, that a reopening

would necessarily fail.” Id. There was no misperception here.

First, Umarov contends that the BIA misunderstood its authority to reopen,

i.e., that it found it had “no power” to reopen under 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(a) to allow

him to apply to adjust status. But the BIA made no such finding. Rather, it noted

its authority to reopen sua sponte in “an exceptional situation” pursuant to Section

1003.2(a), but declined to do so based on petitioner’s marriage, which occurred

after he was ordered removed from the United States. This is hardly surprising,

4 since the BIA generally will not reopen a removal proceeding sua sponte “based on

equites that were acquired while the noncitizen remained illegally in the United

States after being ordered removed.” CAR at 3 (internal quotation marks omitted).

Nor can it be said that the BIA ignored Umarov’s arguments based on the

time-stop rule relating to the calculation of the 10-year physical presence required

for cancellation of removal under section 240A(b) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b).

See Pereira v. Sessions, 585 U.S. 198 (2018); Niz-Chavez v. Garland, 593 U.S. 155 (2021).

In fact, the BIA assumed that Umarov had accrued the requisite time, but found

that he failed to show an exceptional circumstance warranting sua sponte

reopening because becoming eligible for relief after a removal order is generally

not exceptional. The BIA also found that he had failed to establish a prima facie

claim for cancellation as there was insufficient evidence that his removal would

cause the requisite hardship to his wife, a U.S. citizen, and that his failure to

present evidence merited cancellation as a matter of discretion. See Matter of H-Y-

Z-, 28 I. & N. Dec. 156, 161 (B.I.A. 2020) (“Equities established [while in the United

States after being ordered removed] generally do not constitute such truly

exceptional circumstances as to warrant discretionary reopening.”).

5 Umarov also argues that the BIA engaged in improper factfinding regarding

his wife’s hardship because his wife was not permitted to testify before the IJ. See

8 C.F.R. § 1003.1(d)(3)(iv) (“Except for taking administrative notice of commonly

known facts . . . the Board will not engage in factfinding in the course of deciding

cases. . . . If further factfinding is needed in a particular case, the Board may

remand the proceeding to the immigration judge.”). But on a motion to reopen,

the BIA may look at the evidence already on the record and consider whether a

petitioner has established a prima facie case for the relief sought. Huilin Zhu v.

Garland, No. 20-2217, 2022 WL 4350110, at *1 (2d Cir. Sept. 20, 2022); Xian Tuan Ye

v. Dep't of Homeland Sec., 446 F.3d 289, 296 (2d Cir. 2006). That is precisely what

the agency did here. Moreover, in addition to finding that Umarov’s evidence did

not establish that his wife would experience “exceptional and extremely unusual

hardship” should he be removed, the BIA also concluded, in the alternative, that

Umarov had not submitted evidence to support a grant of cancellation as a matter

of discretion. CAR at 4. The latter ground is dispositive because the agency may

deny cancellation as a matter of discretion even if an applicant is statutorily

eligible. See Hernandez v. Garland, 66 F.4th 94, 100 (2d Cir. 2023) (“[C]ancellation

6 of removal is a two-step process, requiring both statutory eligibility and the

agency’s favorable exercise of its discretion.” (internal quotation marks omitted));

see also I.N.S. v. Abudu, 485 U.S. 94, 105 (1988) (holding that, in denying reopening,

the BIA may skip the prima facie case requirement “and simply determine that . .

. the movant would not be entitled to the discretionary grant of relief”). Because

Umarov offered nothing more than a conclusory assertion that the BIA erred in its

exercise of discretion, he has abandoned any challenge to this alternative basis. See

Petitioner Br. at 9; see also Yueqing Zhang v. Gonzales, 426 F.3d 540, 545 n.1 (2d Cir.

2005) (finding claim abandoned where brief “devote[d] only a single conclusory

sentence to the argument”).

Umarov also argues that the BIA failed “to provide a reasoned explanation”

for denying reopening for adjustment of status, and asserts that the BIA erred in

focusing on equities accrued after the removal order rather than on the change in

law in Pereira and Niz-Chavez. But as noted above, the BIA clearly explained that

Umarov’s motion was untimely and that he had identified no statutory or

regulatory exception to the 90-day deadline; the BIA then concluded that no

exceptional circumstances warranted sua sponte reopening. The explanation was

7 undoubtedly “reasoned,” and as previously articulated, we lack jurisdiction to

review the BIA’s decision not to reopen sua sponte. See Li Chen, 43 F.4th at 251–52.

Finally, Umarov argues that the BIA should have reopened and terminated

his removal proceedings because his original notice to appear did not include a

hearing date. To the extent that Umarov is reasserting the jurisdictional argument

he raised in his 2018 motion to reopen, the argument fails, since the omission of

the hearing date “does not void jurisdiction” where, as here, “a notice of

hearing . . . is later sent to the alien.” Chery v. Garland, 16 F.4th 980, 986–87 (2d Cir.

2021) (internal quotation marks omitted). And to the extent that Umarov is raising

a different argument premised on the BIA violating a non-jurisdictional claim

processing rule, that argument is unexhausted and will not be considered for the

first time on appeal. See Punin v. Garland, 108 F.4th 114, 124 (2d Cir. 2024) (“[W]hen

an argument made to this Court cannot be closely matched up with a specific

argument made to the BIA, it has not been properly exhausted and we cannot hear

it.”).

* * *

8 For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is DISMISSED. All

pending motions and applications are DENIED and stays VACATED.

FOR THE COURT: Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court