MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED this Memorandum Decision shall not be Apr 29 2020, 10:38 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals the defense of res judicata, collateral and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Lisa M. Johnson Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Brownsburg, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Samantha M. Sumcad Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Tyron King, April 29, 2020 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-CR-2770 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Angela D. Davis, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49G16-1909-CM-36622
Tavitas, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2770 | April 29, 2020 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary
[1] Tyron King appeals his conviction for domestic battery, a Class A
misdemeanor. We affirm.
Issue
[2] King presents one issue for our review, which we restate as whether the
evidence is sufficient to convict King for domestic battery.
Facts
[3] On September 15, 2019, King was at the home of his girlfriend, Keasha Arnett,
in Marion County. The same day, Arnett’s daughter, S.F., was at Mattie
Ferguson’s home. Ferguson is S.F.’s paternal grandmother.
[4] Ferguson and S.F. were in Ferguson’s bedroom, and while Ferguson was
making the bed, S.F. Facetimed 1 with Arnett. Ferguson heard her name,
paused to look at the video screen, and then, ten seconds later, Ferguson
witnessed King hit Arnett on the video call. Ferguson was unable to determine
whether King hit Arnett with an open or closed fist, but Ferguson was able to
see King hit Arnett in a “swipe” motion. Tr. Vol. II p. 11. The video call
disconnected, and Ferguson was unable to reach Arnett.
[5] Ferguson attempted to call Arnett’s relatives, who live closer to Arnett, to check
on her; however, Ferguson was unable to reach the relatives or the relatives
1 In placing a Facetime call, Ferguson was able to see Arnett on a video screen.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2770 | April 29, 2020 Page 2 of 7 were not available to provide assistance. Ferguson made the twenty minute
drive to Arnett’s home with S.F. Once Ferguson arrived at Arnett’s home, she
noticed that Arnett had a scratch on her face, which was not present during the
Facetime call. Ferguson confronted King about witnessing King hit Arnett,
and an argument ensued between Ferguson and King.
[6] Officer Danielle Ianigro, with the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police
Department, was dispatched to Arnett’s home. Officer Ianigro noticed a
scratch on Arnett’s face and observed that Arnett was “[f]rustrated,” and spoke
quickly. Id. at 22. After speaking with Arnett and Ferguson, Officer Ianigro
arrested King.
[7] Detective Robert Lowe interviewed King after his arrest. King reported to
Detective Lowe that he and Arnett had been arguing and that King tried to grab
the phone from Arnett, which caused the phone to be knocked from Arnett’s
hand. King told Detective Lowe that, after King grabbed the phone from
Arnett, she “ended up with a scratch on her face”; King, however, did not
admit to causing the scratch. 2 Id. at 29. King also stated to Detective Lowe
that he and Arnett had been in a relationship since 2017 and that King stays
with Arnett approximately four days a week and visits nearly every day.
2 There was some discussion at trial as to whether the phone or King caused the scratch on Arnett’s face. Nonetheless, Detective Lowe was clear that King did not directly admit to scratching Arnett’s face.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2770 | April 29, 2020 Page 3 of 7 [8] On October 28, 2019, the State filed an amended information charging King
with Count I, domestic battery, a Class A misdemeanor, and Count II, battery
resulting in bodily injury, a Class A misdemeanor. 3 The trial court held King’s
bench trial on October 29, 2019.
[9] Witnesses testified to the foregoing facts. Ferguson testified that she and King
did not have a good relationship and that they do not like one another. The
State also called Arnett to testify. When testifying during the State’s case-in-
chief, Arnett agreed that she was at her home with King on September 15,
2019; however, Arnett denied that she Facetimed with anyone that day. Arnett
also denied that she and King ever dated; however, she acknowledged that they
had a “sexual” relationship previously. Id. at 5.
[10] At the close of the presentation of the State’s evidence, King moved for a
motion to dismiss under Indiana Trial Rule 41(b), which the trial court denied.
King, in his case-in-chief, also called Arnett as a witness. While testifying
during King’s case-in-chief, Arnett denied King hit her on September 15, 2019,
and testified that the scratch on her face occurred a day earlier.
[11] King similarly testified that he did not hit Arnett and that Ferguson was trying
to find a way to get King into trouble. King testified that he is not in a
relationship with Arnett and that he does not stay at Arnett’s home. Finally,
King testified that he was under the influence of marijuana when he was
3 The initial information was filed September 17, 2019.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2770 | April 29, 2020 Page 4 of 7 interviewed by Detective Lowe and does not recall much of his statement to
Detective Lowe.
[12] The trial court found King guilty of Count I, domestic battery, a Class A
misdemeanor, and vacated Count II because Count II was “covered by Count
I.” Id. at 54. King was sentenced to 365 days with 361 days suspended. King
now appeals his conviction.
Analysis
[13] King argues the evidence is insufficient to support his conviction. When there
is a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, “[w]e neither reweigh evidence
nor judge witness credibility.” Gibson v. State, 51 N.E.3d 204, 210 (Ind. 2016)
(citing Bieghler v. State, 481 N.E.2d 78, 84 (Ind. 1985), cert. denied), cert. denied.
Instead, “we ‘consider only that evidence most favorable to the judgment
together with all reasonable inferences drawn therefrom.’” Id. (quoting Bieghler,
481 N.E.2d at 84). “We will affirm the judgment if it is supported by
‘substantial evidence of probative value even if there is some conflict in that
evidence.’” Id. (quoting Bieghler, 481 N.E.2d at 84); see also McCallister v. State,
91 N.E.3d 554, 558 (Ind. 2018) (holding that, even though there was conflicting
evidence, it was “beside the point” because that argument “misapprehend[s]
our limited role as a reviewing court”). “We will affirm the conviction unless
no reasonable fact-finder could find the elements of the crime proven beyond a
reasonable doubt.” Love v. State, 73 N.E.3d 693, 696 (Ind. 2017) (citing Drane v.
State, 867 N.E.2d 144, 146 (Ind. 2007)).
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), FILED this Memorandum Decision shall not be Apr 29 2020, 10:38 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals the defense of res judicata, collateral and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Lisa M. Johnson Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Brownsburg, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Samantha M. Sumcad Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Tyron King, April 29, 2020 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-CR-2770 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Angela D. Davis, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49G16-1909-CM-36622
Tavitas, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2770 | April 29, 2020 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary
[1] Tyron King appeals his conviction for domestic battery, a Class A
misdemeanor. We affirm.
Issue
[2] King presents one issue for our review, which we restate as whether the
evidence is sufficient to convict King for domestic battery.
Facts
[3] On September 15, 2019, King was at the home of his girlfriend, Keasha Arnett,
in Marion County. The same day, Arnett’s daughter, S.F., was at Mattie
Ferguson’s home. Ferguson is S.F.’s paternal grandmother.
[4] Ferguson and S.F. were in Ferguson’s bedroom, and while Ferguson was
making the bed, S.F. Facetimed 1 with Arnett. Ferguson heard her name,
paused to look at the video screen, and then, ten seconds later, Ferguson
witnessed King hit Arnett on the video call. Ferguson was unable to determine
whether King hit Arnett with an open or closed fist, but Ferguson was able to
see King hit Arnett in a “swipe” motion. Tr. Vol. II p. 11. The video call
disconnected, and Ferguson was unable to reach Arnett.
[5] Ferguson attempted to call Arnett’s relatives, who live closer to Arnett, to check
on her; however, Ferguson was unable to reach the relatives or the relatives
1 In placing a Facetime call, Ferguson was able to see Arnett on a video screen.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2770 | April 29, 2020 Page 2 of 7 were not available to provide assistance. Ferguson made the twenty minute
drive to Arnett’s home with S.F. Once Ferguson arrived at Arnett’s home, she
noticed that Arnett had a scratch on her face, which was not present during the
Facetime call. Ferguson confronted King about witnessing King hit Arnett,
and an argument ensued between Ferguson and King.
[6] Officer Danielle Ianigro, with the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police
Department, was dispatched to Arnett’s home. Officer Ianigro noticed a
scratch on Arnett’s face and observed that Arnett was “[f]rustrated,” and spoke
quickly. Id. at 22. After speaking with Arnett and Ferguson, Officer Ianigro
arrested King.
[7] Detective Robert Lowe interviewed King after his arrest. King reported to
Detective Lowe that he and Arnett had been arguing and that King tried to grab
the phone from Arnett, which caused the phone to be knocked from Arnett’s
hand. King told Detective Lowe that, after King grabbed the phone from
Arnett, she “ended up with a scratch on her face”; King, however, did not
admit to causing the scratch. 2 Id. at 29. King also stated to Detective Lowe
that he and Arnett had been in a relationship since 2017 and that King stays
with Arnett approximately four days a week and visits nearly every day.
2 There was some discussion at trial as to whether the phone or King caused the scratch on Arnett’s face. Nonetheless, Detective Lowe was clear that King did not directly admit to scratching Arnett’s face.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2770 | April 29, 2020 Page 3 of 7 [8] On October 28, 2019, the State filed an amended information charging King
with Count I, domestic battery, a Class A misdemeanor, and Count II, battery
resulting in bodily injury, a Class A misdemeanor. 3 The trial court held King’s
bench trial on October 29, 2019.
[9] Witnesses testified to the foregoing facts. Ferguson testified that she and King
did not have a good relationship and that they do not like one another. The
State also called Arnett to testify. When testifying during the State’s case-in-
chief, Arnett agreed that she was at her home with King on September 15,
2019; however, Arnett denied that she Facetimed with anyone that day. Arnett
also denied that she and King ever dated; however, she acknowledged that they
had a “sexual” relationship previously. Id. at 5.
[10] At the close of the presentation of the State’s evidence, King moved for a
motion to dismiss under Indiana Trial Rule 41(b), which the trial court denied.
King, in his case-in-chief, also called Arnett as a witness. While testifying
during King’s case-in-chief, Arnett denied King hit her on September 15, 2019,
and testified that the scratch on her face occurred a day earlier.
[11] King similarly testified that he did not hit Arnett and that Ferguson was trying
to find a way to get King into trouble. King testified that he is not in a
relationship with Arnett and that he does not stay at Arnett’s home. Finally,
King testified that he was under the influence of marijuana when he was
3 The initial information was filed September 17, 2019.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2770 | April 29, 2020 Page 4 of 7 interviewed by Detective Lowe and does not recall much of his statement to
Detective Lowe.
[12] The trial court found King guilty of Count I, domestic battery, a Class A
misdemeanor, and vacated Count II because Count II was “covered by Count
I.” Id. at 54. King was sentenced to 365 days with 361 days suspended. King
now appeals his conviction.
Analysis
[13] King argues the evidence is insufficient to support his conviction. When there
is a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, “[w]e neither reweigh evidence
nor judge witness credibility.” Gibson v. State, 51 N.E.3d 204, 210 (Ind. 2016)
(citing Bieghler v. State, 481 N.E.2d 78, 84 (Ind. 1985), cert. denied), cert. denied.
Instead, “we ‘consider only that evidence most favorable to the judgment
together with all reasonable inferences drawn therefrom.’” Id. (quoting Bieghler,
481 N.E.2d at 84). “We will affirm the judgment if it is supported by
‘substantial evidence of probative value even if there is some conflict in that
evidence.’” Id. (quoting Bieghler, 481 N.E.2d at 84); see also McCallister v. State,
91 N.E.3d 554, 558 (Ind. 2018) (holding that, even though there was conflicting
evidence, it was “beside the point” because that argument “misapprehend[s]
our limited role as a reviewing court”). “We will affirm the conviction unless
no reasonable fact-finder could find the elements of the crime proven beyond a
reasonable doubt.” Love v. State, 73 N.E.3d 693, 696 (Ind. 2017) (citing Drane v.
State, 867 N.E.2d 144, 146 (Ind. 2007)).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2770 | April 29, 2020 Page 5 of 7 [14] King was charged and found guilty pursuant to Indiana Code Section 35-42-2-
1.3(a)(1), which required the State to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that
King “knowingly or intentionally” touched “a family or household member in
a rude, insolent, or angry manner.” King’s specific argument is that the
evidence was insufficient to prove he touched Arnett in a rude, insolent, or
angry manner because: (1) both King and Arnett testified that King did not hit
Arnett; and (2) Ferguson’s testimony is incredibly dubious because it directly
conflicted with King’s and Arnett’s testimony.
[15] King’s reliance on the incredible dubiosity rule is misplaced. Importantly,
Ferguson’s testimony was consistent throughout: she claimed she was making
the bed, paused to look at the telephone screen when she heard her name, and
witnessed King hit Arnett. The incredible dubiosity rule “allows an appellate
court to impinge upon the fact-finder’s assessment of witness credibility when
the testimony at trial was so ‘unbelievable, incredible, or improbable that no
reasonable person could ever reach a guilty verdict based upon that evidence
alone.’” Carter v. State, 44 N.E.3d 47, 52 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015) (quoting Moore v.
State, 27 N.E.3d 749, 751 (Ind. 2015)). “Incredible dubiosity is a difficult
standard to meet, requiring ambiguous, inconsistent testimony that ‘runs
counter to human experience.’” Id. (quoting Edwards v. State, 753 N.E.2d 618,
622 (Ind. 2001)). In Moore, our Supreme Court held that “the appropriate scope
of the incredible dubiosity rule as utilized in Indiana and other jurisdictions
requires that there be: 1) a sole testifying witness; 2) testimony that is inherently
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2770 | April 29, 2020 Page 6 of 7 contradictory, equivocal, or the result of coercion; and 3) a complete absence of
circumstantial evidence.” Moore, 27 N.E.3d at 756.
[16] The fact that Ferguson’s testimony was inconsistent with King’s and Arnett’s
testimony does not render the incredible dubiosity rule applicable. See Berry v.
State, 703 N.E.2d 154, 160 (Ind. 1998) (declining to apply the incredible
dubiosity rule to defendant’s argument that the State’s witnesses conflicted with
one another, but no one witness contradicted himself or herself). Similarly,
Ferguson’s dislike for King and her ability to see the telephone screen clearly
present a credibility question for the trial court, but these arguments do not
warrant application of the incredible dubiosity rule.
[17] Ultimately, Ferguson testified that she witnessed King hit Arnett, and the trial
court found Ferguson to be a credible witness. King’s argument that
Ferguson’s testimony is insufficient because it conflicts with King’s and Arnett’s
testimony is simply a request for us to reweigh evidence, which we cannot do.
See Gibson, 51 N.E.3d at 210. The evidence is sufficient to convict King of
domestic battery, a Class A misdemeanor.
Conclusion
[18] The evidence is sufficient to support King’s conviction. We affirm.
[19] Affirmed.
Riley, J., and Mathias, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2770 | April 29, 2020 Page 7 of 7