Tush v. Pharr

68 P.3d 1239, 2003 Alas. LEXIS 34, 2003 WL 1949579
CourtAlaska Supreme Court
DecidedApril 25, 2003
DocketS-10229
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 68 P.3d 1239 (Tush v. Pharr) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Alaska Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Tush v. Pharr, 68 P.3d 1239, 2003 Alas. LEXIS 34, 2003 WL 1949579 (Ala. 2003).

Opinion

OPINION

CARPENETI, Justice.

I. INTRODUCTION

Trudy Tush appeals the trial court's grant of summary judgment against her on four separate motions. Because genuine issues of material fact remain on all four, we reverse the order of the superior court granting summary judgment on each motion and we remand the case to the superior court for further proceedings.

II. FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS

A. Facts

Trudy Tush and her former husband Larry Tush sued Hector Perez to evict him. Tush owns numerous rental properties and has been involved in real estate investment for over twenty years. Perez was one of her tenants.

On August 23, 1993 Tush, acting pro se for herself and Larry, sued to eviet Perez from her rental property at 1201 Chugach Way in Anchorage, a single family residence (Chu-gach property). 1 Perez obtained legal representation from Alaska Legal Services. Perez answered Tush's complaint and filed numerous counterclaims against Tush alleging intentional infliction of emotional distress, willful diminution of essential services, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, harassment, retaliatory eviction, unlawful termination of utilities, and failure to maintain and repair the premises. Tush then hired attorney John C. Pharr to represent her and Larry's interests.

Throughout her real estate investments, Tush and her spouse managed the properties by themselves. To obtain insurance for the properties, Tush would normally telephone an insurance broker and attempt to purchase whatever her bank required her to carry, while investigating to find the cheapest price. "I would tell them what I wanted and ... they would get it for me."

Tush had rental property insurance, including liability coverage, for the Chugach property. Tush purchased this policy from the Umialik Insurance Company. Umialik covered a number of Tush's properties After the policy was obtained, certain tenants filed claims against Tush. One tenant from 1117 Chugach Way, which Tush also owned, alleged improper notice of eviction and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Tush notified her insurance broker, who notified Umialik of the claim. Umialik hired Tush an attorney, provided her a defense, and settled the elaim for $5,000.

Umialik subsequently refused to renew the policy. Tush then sought coverage for her properties from other companies. She eventually decided on State Farm Fire and Casualty Company (State Farm). Tush applied for insurance from State Farm over the telephone. Tush obtained a separate policy for the Chugach property from other properties she owned on Chugach Way. Tush's application was filled out by an insurance agent speaking with Tush over the phone. Tush never signed the application. The applica *1242 tion states that Tush had not had a loss in the last three years, had never had an insurance carrier deny renewal, and that Tush's last insurance company was Liberty National. All of these statements are false. State Farm issued Tush a policy including, among other things, liability coverage with limits of $1,000,000 per occurrence.

Tush was deposed on September 15 and September 20, 1998. At the deposition, Tush was asked questions regarding her insurance coverage for the Chugach property. Pharr objected as to relevance, and Tush largely refused to respond. 2 Later, Tush was marginally more forthcoming on the subject of insurance, but she answered the question whether she had liability insurance on the premises at 1201 Chugach with, "No, it's just the value of the house."

In November Pharr received a settlement offer from Perez for $25,000, including attorney's fees and costs. Pharr alleged that he discussed the offer with Tush in his office and then mailed it to her for documentation purposes. Pharr further claimed that when he showed it to Tush she laughed "and tossed it down on the desk." According to Pharr, no further discussion was held regarding this settlement offer. Tush denied that the $25,000 settlement offer was ever communicated to her.

There was then no action in the Perez lawsuit until October 1994, when Dan Fitzgerald entered his appearance on behalf of Perez by filing a second amended answer and additional counterclaims. Pharr claims that, at around this time, he discussed the new counterclaims filed by Fitzgerald with Tush. Pharr recounted their conversation at his deposition:

it's been my experience that insurance actually draws lawsuits because the claimant is after the insurance. It's more of a fat easy target than trying to execute on somebody's property, for example. So they may-you know, the other side may have been under some impression that there was insurance, and that they were going to go after that insurance. And once they found out there wasn't any insurance, they'd be discouraged from pursuing it.

On December 28, 1994 Fitzgerald successfully had the case removed to the superior court.

Tush and Larry divorced in 1995. Tush believed the divorcee created a conflict of interest in Pharr's representation. Because of this perceived conflict of interest, Tush terminated Pharr's services on January 4, 1995, instructing him to do nothing further in her case. There was no other reason why Pharr's services were terminated; Tush was generally happy with the work he had done in the case. At no time during Pharr's representation of Tush did Pharr ever ask to see any of Tush's insurance policies, nor did he himself investigate or direct Tush to investigate whether her insurance would cover any of Perez's claims.

On January 24, 1995 Pharr received Per-ex's second set of requests for production. Two requests asked for production of Tush's insurance policies. Although these requests for production arrived in Pharr's office after Tush had terminated his services, Pharr accepted service of the document because he was the attorney of record and had not re-

*1243 ceived notice of who Tush's new attorney would be. Pharr, however, did not attempt to answer the discovery request, mailing it to Tush with an explanation of when her responses were due. 3 On February 6, 1995 Pharr sent a letter to Fitzgerald attempting to discourage him from pursuing the case based on his belief that there was no insurance coverage involved. This letter was copied to Tush. Pharr also answered Perez's new counterclaims (filed by Fitzgerald on February 20) to protect Tush's interests while she was obtaining new representation.

Robert Reiman entered his appearance as Tush's attorney in February 1995. In May 1996 Perez made an offer of judgment to Tush for $50,000. Reiman alleged that Tush was informed of this offer but refused to accept it. In January 1997 the parties had a settlement conference and Tush offered $20,000 in an attempt to settle the case. This offer was refused. At a second settlement conference Perez offered to settle for $450,000. Tush countered with a piece of property worth approximately $50,000 and $20,000 in cash paid out over a period of time. Perez then made a counteroffer of $400,000.

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Bluebook (online)
68 P.3d 1239, 2003 Alas. LEXIS 34, 2003 WL 1949579, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/tush-v-pharr-alaska-2003.