Tucker v. State

1972 OK CR 170, 499 P.2d 458, 1972 Okla. Crim. App. LEXIS 545
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma
DecidedJune 21, 1972
DocketA-16565
StatusPublished
Cited by30 cases

This text of 1972 OK CR 170 (Tucker v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Tucker v. State, 1972 OK CR 170, 499 P.2d 458, 1972 Okla. Crim. App. LEXIS 545 (Okla. Ct. App. 1972).

Opinion

OPINION

BRETT, Judge :

Appellant, Darrell Tucker, hereinafter referred to as defendant, was charged with murder in the District Court of Pittsburg County, Case No. CRF 70-131. Defendant was found guilty of manslaughter in the first degree by jury verdict, with punishment fixed at ten (10) years imprisonment. Judgment and sentence was imposed on October 2, 1970, and this appeal perfected therefrom.

Defendant was charged by information with the crime of murder, alleging that the defendant on March 10, 1970, with the aid of Larry Don Wesley Maynard, did stab with a knife one Leroy Huff, inflicting wounds which caused Huff’s death. Briefly stated the evidence established that on March 10, 1970, the defendant, Maynard and Huff, all Oklahoma State Penitentiary inmates, were involved in a fight during which Huff suffered fatal stab wounds. It was established that defendant had been threatened by Huff, the decedent, over a gambling debt. Defendant had asked Maynard to go with him to discuss a possible plan to work out the debt. The defendant claimed that the deceased Huff was stabbed in self-defense.

It is defendant’s first contention that the State improperly cross-examined the defendant, introducing his former felony convictions without offering proof that defendant had been represented by an attorney on the former felony convictions.

It is a fundamental principle of federal constitutional law that the absence of counsel or waiver in a criminal trial necessarily invalidates the conviction, because the lack of counsel so jeopardizes the fairness of the trial that any ensuing conviction is likely to be unreliable. Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 83 S.Ct. 792, 9 L.Ed.2d 799 (1963). Desist v. United States, 394 U.S. 244, 89 S.Ct. 1048, 22 L. Ed.2d 248 (1969). In addition to the unreliability of uncounseled convictions, their use in a subsequent criminal proceeding simply compounds the original denial of the constitutional right to the assistance of counsel. For these reasons such convictions may not be used “to support guilt or enhance punishment.” Burgett v. Texas, 389 U.S. 109, at 115, 88 S.Ct. 258, at 262, 19 L.Ed.2d 319 (1967). Furthermore, presuming representation by counsel or waiver from a silent record is impermissible. Carnley v. Cochran, 369 U.S. 506, 82 S.Ct. 884, 8 L.Ed.2d 70. In view of these funda *460 mentals, this Court, in Chester v. State, Okl.Cr., 485 P.2d 1065 (1971), held: “Where the state seeks to introduce evidence of former felony convictions either in cross-examination for credibility purposes or in an effort to prove the charge that defendant is a subsequent felony offender under the habitual criminal statute, 21 O.S.Supp.1970, § 51, the state has the burden to show by competent evidence that in sustaining such a former conviction defendant was represented by counsel or competently waived counsel; absent such proof the former convictions are inadmissible.” 485 P.2d at 1066. (Emphasis added.)

Other courts have likewise barred the use of uncounseled convictions for purposes of impeachment. Gilday v. Scafati, 428 F.2d 1027 (1st Cir. 1970). People v. Coffey, 67 Cal.2d 204, 60 Cal.Rptr. 457, 430 P.2d 15, 25 (1967). Johnson v. Maryland, 9 Md.App. 166, 263 A.2d 232 (1970). Shorter v. United States, 412 F.2d 428, 431—435 (9th Cir.1969).

Although the state did not offer proof that the defendant was represented by counsel on the former convictions brought out during his cross-examination, the Attorney General has offered proof that the defendant was represented by counsel, Mr. John D. Harris, on each of the three convictions brought out during cross-examination. See Scobie v. State, Okl.Cr., 481 P.2d 781 (1971). We therefore conclude that the record is not silent as to representation by counsel on the former felony convictions, and thus find no error in this regard.

It is defendant’s second contention that the trial court erred in allowing Larry Don Wesley Maynard to testify as a rebuttal witness over defense objection. Defendant argues that Maynard, who was granted immunity from prosecution and testified as a state’s witness in chief, when called as a rebuttal witness was merely repetitious of the earlier testimony. It is true that “introducing testimony and the character of rebuttal permitted by the court is largely discretionary. It is, however, most unfair to permit a complete rehash of the testimony introduced in chief.” And “although the matter is largely discretionary, the trial courts are warned that an abuse of same, or apparent disregard of the rights of a defendant, would warrant reversal.” Corliss v. State, 12 Okl.Cr. 526, at 529-530, 159 P. 1015, at 1016 (1916). Although in the instant case the witness Maynard when called as a rebuttal witness did repeat many of the same matters covered when he testified in chief, Maynard’s testimony did in part rebut a defense witness. Broderick Jones had testified as a defense witness that he saw the fight between defendant and deceased and observed deceased pull a knife. As a rebuttal witness Maynard testified that he was present during the fight and that the witness Jones was not present. Thus the witness Maynard called as a rebuttal witness did give testimony rebutting the defense testimony. Accordingly, we find no error in this regard.

It is defendant’s third contention that the court erred in misdirecting the jury in a matter of law. The court had fully and accurately instructed the jury as to the law regarding murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, excusable homicide, and self-defense. However, the jury apparently was confused as to how to proceed and, after beginning its deliberations, returned to the courtroom and asked the judge about procedure.

“THE COURT: Of course the jury can handle it any way they want to. The general instructions state you shall first consider the question of murder, if there is not an agreement on murder, next you shall consider manslaughter in the first degree.
“JUROR: And not consider whether guilty or innocent as the first question you shall consider.
“THE COURT: If a person on considering murder' felt not guilty on everything of course it would be revoted not guilty on manslaughter. Do counsel agree with me on that ?
*461 “MR. CORNISH [Defense Counsel]: I do not agree, your Honor.

Defendant argues that the trial judge’s remark “implied to the jury that if there was doubt as to guilty on murder or if the jurors felt not guilty on everything, that in the natural course of deliberation, the jury must consider guilt or innocence as to manslaughter.” We do not find that the trial court’s remark was substantially inaccurate, nor prejudicial in nature.

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Bluebook (online)
1972 OK CR 170, 499 P.2d 458, 1972 Okla. Crim. App. LEXIS 545, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/tucker-v-state-oklacrimapp-1972.