UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN SOUTHERN DIVISION
Christopher Lee Tucker,
Plaintiff, Case No. 23-cv-13120
v. Judith E. Levy United States District Judge Nicole Michelle Quinones, et al., Mag. Judge Curtis Ivy, Jr. Defendants.
________________________________/
ORDER OF DISMISSAL
On December 11, 2023, the Clerk’s Office entered on the docket two documents submitted by Plaintiff Christopher Lee Tucker: a complaint (ECF No. 1) and an application to proceed without prepaying the fees or costs for this litigation. (ECF No. 2.) Plaintiff is self- represented or proceeding pro se. Both documents appear to be dated December 5, 2023. (ECF No. 1, PageID.38; ECF No. 2, PageID.544.) The application to proceed without prepaying fees or costs is incomplete. (ECF No. 2; ECF No. 7, PageID.554.) A few weeks after Plaintiff initiated this action, notices that the Court had mailed to him were returned to the Court as undeliverable. (ECF Nos. 5, 6.) On January 9, 2024, the Court issued an order directing Plaintiff to submit (1) a revised application to proceed without prepaying fees or
costs and (2) a written notice that contains his current address. (ECF No. 7.) The Court specified that the deadline for Plaintiff to submit
these documents was January 29, 2024. (Id. at PageID.555–556.) The Court indicated that it lacked the information necessary to “determine whether Plaintiff is unable to pay the applicable fees.” (Id. at
PageID.554.) It stated that Plaintiff is “obligat[ed] under Eastern District of Michigan Local Rule 11.2 to provide the Court with his current address and to notify the Court of any changes in his contact
information.”1 (Id. at PageID.555.) The Court warned Plaintiff that “[i]f [he] fails to comply with th[e] order, the case may be dismissed for failure to abide by Eastern District of Michigan Local Rule
1 Local Rule 11.2 states:
Every attorney and every party not represented by an attorney must include his or her contact information consisting of his or her address, e-mail address, and telephone number on the first paper that person files in a case. If there is a change in the contact information, that person promptly must file and serve a notice with the new contact information. The failure to file promptly current contact information may subject that person or party to appropriate sanctions, which may include dismissal, default judgment, and costs.
E.D. Mich. LR 11.2. 11.2 and/or for failure to prosecute under Eastern District of Michigan Local Rule 41.2.”2 (Id. at PageID.556 (emphasis in
original).) The Court mailed the January 9, 2024 order to the address
identified by Plaintiff in the complaint: 601 East Maumee Street, Apt. 8, Adrian, MI 49221. (ECF No. 1, PageID.2; ECF No. 5, PageID.551; ECF No. 6, PageID.552; ECF No. 7, PageID.554–555.) The
Court also mailed a copy of the order to a slightly different address that appeared in a letter attached to Plaintiff’s application to proceed without prepaying fees or costs: 160 East Maumee, Apt. 8, Adrian, MI
49221-2743. (ECF No. 2, PageID.545; ECF No. 7, PageID.554–555.) On January 18, 2024, the Clerk’s Office filed on the docket one copy of the Court’s order, which was returned to the Court as undeliverable. (ECF
2 Local Rule 41.2 states:
Subject to Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(e) and LR 81.1, when it appears that the Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction or that the parties have taken no action for a reasonable time, the Court may, on its own motion after reasonable notice or on application of a party, enter an order dismissing or remanding the case unless good cause is shown. An application for a continuance or pending discovery may not preclude a dismissal for failure to prosecute.
E.D. Mich. LR 41.2. No. 8.) That filing does not indicate which of the two mailings was unsuccessful. (Id.) The Court notes, however, that the second copy of the
order that was mailed to Plaintiff has not been returned as undeliverable. As of today’s date, Plaintiff has not submitted the
required materials, asked that the deadline be extended, or otherwise responded to the Court’s January 9, 2024 order. The Court dismisses this case without prejudice due to Plaintiff’s
failure to comply with the Court’s order, his failure to prosecute the case against Defendants Nicole Michelle Quinones and Rio Reed, and his failure to indicate his current address. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b); E.D.
Mich. LR 11.2, 41.2; Schafer v. City of Defiance Police Dep’t, 529 F.3d 731, 736 (6th Cir. 2008); Link v. Wabash R. Co., 370 U.S. 626, 630–33 (1962). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) “provides for dismissal of
an action where the plaintiff has failed ‘to prosecute or to comply with these rules or a court order.’” Bonanno v. Virginia, No. 22-5546, 2023 WL 8867912, at *2 (6th Cir. June 26, 2023) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P.
41(b); citing Jourdan v. Jabe, 951 F.2d 108, 109 (6th Cir. 1991)), cert. denied, 144 S. Ct. 850 (2024), reh’g denied, 144 S. Ct. 1133 (2024). “[A] Rule 41(b) dismissal is an appropriate sanction for a pro se litigant’s failure to provide the court with information related to their current address.” Beavers v. Dunn, No. 23-10802, 2023 WL 8287196, at *2 (E.D.
Mich. Oct. 24, 2023) (citing Watsy v. Richards, 816 F.2d 683 (6th Cir. 1987); White v. City of Grand Rapids, 34 F. App’x 210, 211 (6th Cir.
2002); Rogers v. Ryan, No. 16-12735, 2017 WL 5150884, at *2 (E.D. Mich. Nov. 7, 2017)), report and recommendation adopted, No. 23- 10802, 2023 WL 8283605 (E.D. Mich. Nov. 30, 2023).
When contemplating the dismissal of a case under Rule 41(b), the Court considers the following four factors: (1) Whether the party’s failure is due to willfulness, bad faith, or fault; (2) whether the adversary was prejudiced by the dismissed party’s conduct; (3) whether the dismissed party was warned that failure to cooperate could lead to dismissal; and (4) whether less drastic sanctions were imposed or considered before dismissal was ordered. Bay Corrugated Container, Inc. v. Gould, Inc., 609 F. App’x 832, 835 (6th Cir. 2015) (quoting Knoll v. Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 176 F.3d 359, 363 (6th Cir. 1999)). “While none of these factors is dispositive, a case may be dismissed by a district court where there is a clear record of delay or
contumacious conduct on the part of the plaintiff.” Mulbah v. Detroit Bd. of Educ., 261 F.3d 586, 591 (6th Cir. 2001) (citing Knoll, 176 F.3d at 363; Little v. Yeutter, 984 F.2d 160, 162 (6th Cir. 1993)).
Here, the first factor favors dismissal. “To show that a party’s failure to comply was motivated by bad faith, willfulness, or fault, the
conduct ‘must display either an intent to thwart judicial proceedings or a reckless disregard for the effect of [his] conduct on those proceedings.’” Mager v. Wis. Cent. Ltd., 924 F.3d 831, 837 (6th Cir. 2019) (alteration in
original) (quoting Carpenter v.
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN SOUTHERN DIVISION
Christopher Lee Tucker,
Plaintiff, Case No. 23-cv-13120
v. Judith E. Levy United States District Judge Nicole Michelle Quinones, et al., Mag. Judge Curtis Ivy, Jr. Defendants.
________________________________/
ORDER OF DISMISSAL
On December 11, 2023, the Clerk’s Office entered on the docket two documents submitted by Plaintiff Christopher Lee Tucker: a complaint (ECF No. 1) and an application to proceed without prepaying the fees or costs for this litigation. (ECF No. 2.) Plaintiff is self- represented or proceeding pro se. Both documents appear to be dated December 5, 2023. (ECF No. 1, PageID.38; ECF No. 2, PageID.544.) The application to proceed without prepaying fees or costs is incomplete. (ECF No. 2; ECF No. 7, PageID.554.) A few weeks after Plaintiff initiated this action, notices that the Court had mailed to him were returned to the Court as undeliverable. (ECF Nos. 5, 6.) On January 9, 2024, the Court issued an order directing Plaintiff to submit (1) a revised application to proceed without prepaying fees or
costs and (2) a written notice that contains his current address. (ECF No. 7.) The Court specified that the deadline for Plaintiff to submit
these documents was January 29, 2024. (Id. at PageID.555–556.) The Court indicated that it lacked the information necessary to “determine whether Plaintiff is unable to pay the applicable fees.” (Id. at
PageID.554.) It stated that Plaintiff is “obligat[ed] under Eastern District of Michigan Local Rule 11.2 to provide the Court with his current address and to notify the Court of any changes in his contact
information.”1 (Id. at PageID.555.) The Court warned Plaintiff that “[i]f [he] fails to comply with th[e] order, the case may be dismissed for failure to abide by Eastern District of Michigan Local Rule
1 Local Rule 11.2 states:
Every attorney and every party not represented by an attorney must include his or her contact information consisting of his or her address, e-mail address, and telephone number on the first paper that person files in a case. If there is a change in the contact information, that person promptly must file and serve a notice with the new contact information. The failure to file promptly current contact information may subject that person or party to appropriate sanctions, which may include dismissal, default judgment, and costs.
E.D. Mich. LR 11.2. 11.2 and/or for failure to prosecute under Eastern District of Michigan Local Rule 41.2.”2 (Id. at PageID.556 (emphasis in
original).) The Court mailed the January 9, 2024 order to the address
identified by Plaintiff in the complaint: 601 East Maumee Street, Apt. 8, Adrian, MI 49221. (ECF No. 1, PageID.2; ECF No. 5, PageID.551; ECF No. 6, PageID.552; ECF No. 7, PageID.554–555.) The
Court also mailed a copy of the order to a slightly different address that appeared in a letter attached to Plaintiff’s application to proceed without prepaying fees or costs: 160 East Maumee, Apt. 8, Adrian, MI
49221-2743. (ECF No. 2, PageID.545; ECF No. 7, PageID.554–555.) On January 18, 2024, the Clerk’s Office filed on the docket one copy of the Court’s order, which was returned to the Court as undeliverable. (ECF
2 Local Rule 41.2 states:
Subject to Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(e) and LR 81.1, when it appears that the Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction or that the parties have taken no action for a reasonable time, the Court may, on its own motion after reasonable notice or on application of a party, enter an order dismissing or remanding the case unless good cause is shown. An application for a continuance or pending discovery may not preclude a dismissal for failure to prosecute.
E.D. Mich. LR 41.2. No. 8.) That filing does not indicate which of the two mailings was unsuccessful. (Id.) The Court notes, however, that the second copy of the
order that was mailed to Plaintiff has not been returned as undeliverable. As of today’s date, Plaintiff has not submitted the
required materials, asked that the deadline be extended, or otherwise responded to the Court’s January 9, 2024 order. The Court dismisses this case without prejudice due to Plaintiff’s
failure to comply with the Court’s order, his failure to prosecute the case against Defendants Nicole Michelle Quinones and Rio Reed, and his failure to indicate his current address. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b); E.D.
Mich. LR 11.2, 41.2; Schafer v. City of Defiance Police Dep’t, 529 F.3d 731, 736 (6th Cir. 2008); Link v. Wabash R. Co., 370 U.S. 626, 630–33 (1962). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) “provides for dismissal of
an action where the plaintiff has failed ‘to prosecute or to comply with these rules or a court order.’” Bonanno v. Virginia, No. 22-5546, 2023 WL 8867912, at *2 (6th Cir. June 26, 2023) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P.
41(b); citing Jourdan v. Jabe, 951 F.2d 108, 109 (6th Cir. 1991)), cert. denied, 144 S. Ct. 850 (2024), reh’g denied, 144 S. Ct. 1133 (2024). “[A] Rule 41(b) dismissal is an appropriate sanction for a pro se litigant’s failure to provide the court with information related to their current address.” Beavers v. Dunn, No. 23-10802, 2023 WL 8287196, at *2 (E.D.
Mich. Oct. 24, 2023) (citing Watsy v. Richards, 816 F.2d 683 (6th Cir. 1987); White v. City of Grand Rapids, 34 F. App’x 210, 211 (6th Cir.
2002); Rogers v. Ryan, No. 16-12735, 2017 WL 5150884, at *2 (E.D. Mich. Nov. 7, 2017)), report and recommendation adopted, No. 23- 10802, 2023 WL 8283605 (E.D. Mich. Nov. 30, 2023).
When contemplating the dismissal of a case under Rule 41(b), the Court considers the following four factors: (1) Whether the party’s failure is due to willfulness, bad faith, or fault; (2) whether the adversary was prejudiced by the dismissed party’s conduct; (3) whether the dismissed party was warned that failure to cooperate could lead to dismissal; and (4) whether less drastic sanctions were imposed or considered before dismissal was ordered. Bay Corrugated Container, Inc. v. Gould, Inc., 609 F. App’x 832, 835 (6th Cir. 2015) (quoting Knoll v. Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 176 F.3d 359, 363 (6th Cir. 1999)). “While none of these factors is dispositive, a case may be dismissed by a district court where there is a clear record of delay or
contumacious conduct on the part of the plaintiff.” Mulbah v. Detroit Bd. of Educ., 261 F.3d 586, 591 (6th Cir. 2001) (citing Knoll, 176 F.3d at 363; Little v. Yeutter, 984 F.2d 160, 162 (6th Cir. 1993)).
Here, the first factor favors dismissal. “To show that a party’s failure to comply was motivated by bad faith, willfulness, or fault, the
conduct ‘must display either an intent to thwart judicial proceedings or a reckless disregard for the effect of [his] conduct on those proceedings.’” Mager v. Wis. Cent. Ltd., 924 F.3d 831, 837 (6th Cir. 2019) (alteration in
original) (quoting Carpenter v. City of Flint, 723 F.3d 700, 705 (6th Cir. 2013)). Plaintiff did not submit—by January 29, 2024—a revised application to proceed without prepaying the fees or costs of this
litigation and a written notice that contains his current address. Plaintiff has not requested an extension of time to submit these documents. He has not responded to the Court’s order in any way.
“Although his conduct does not establish bad faith, it nevertheless shows willfulness and fault in that he was at best extremely dilatory in not pursuing his claim[s], which indicates an intention to let his case
lapse.” Schafer, 529 F.3d at 739. The second factor does not favor dismissal. “Assessing prejudice for purposes of Rule 41(b) requires the district court to look to the ‘waste[d] time, money, and effort in pursuit of cooperation which [the non-dilatory party] was legally obligated to provide.’” Rodriguez v.
Hirshberg Acceptance Corp., 62 F.4th 270, 277–78 (6th Cir. 2023) (alteration in original) (quoting Wu v. T.W. Wang, Inc., 420 F.3d 641,
644 (6th Cir. 2005)). Here, Defendants have not been prejudiced by Plaintiff’s conduct because they have not been served with the complaint or appeared in the case.
The third factor favors dismissal. Whether the plaintiff was warned about the possibility of dismissal “is . . . a key consideration when determining whether a district court abuses its discretion in
dismissing a case pursuant to Rule 41(b).” Stough v. Mayville Cmty. Schs., 138 F.3d 612, 615 (6th Cir. 1998). In this case, the Court previously warned Plaintiff about the possibility of dismissal if he failed
to comply with the January 9, 2024 order. (ECF No. 7, PageID.556.) The fourth factor also favors dismissal because the Court considered lesser sanctions prior to this dismissal order. The Court
issued an order regarding the issues with Plaintiff’s application to proceed without prepaying fees or costs as well as with Plaintiff’s contact information. The Court gave Plaintiff ample time to correct the deficiencies identified in that order.
In sum, three of the four factors discussed above favor dismissal. The Court therefore concludes that it is not an abuse of discretion to
dismiss this case for failure to comply with the Court’s order, for want of prosecution, and due to Plaintiff’s failure to indicate his current address. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b); E.D. Mich. LR 11.2, 41.2.
Accordingly, this case is DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE. IT IS SO ORDERED. Dated: June 11, 2024 s/Judith E. Levy Ann Arbor, Michigan JUDITH E. LEVY United States District Judge
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
The undersigned certifies that the foregoing document was served upon counsel of record and any unrepresented parties via the Court’s ECF System to their respective email or first-class U.S. mail addresses disclosed on the Notice of Electronic Filing on June 11, 2024.
s/William Barkholz WILLIAM BARKHOLZ Case Manager