Troy v. Galipeau

CourtDistrict Court, N.D. Indiana
DecidedMay 29, 2025
Docket3:24-cv-00275
StatusUnknown

This text of Troy v. Galipeau (Troy v. Galipeau) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, N.D. Indiana primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Troy v. Galipeau, (N.D. Ind. 2025).

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA SOUTH BEND DIVISION

RAMEL THEODORE TROY,

Plaintiff,

v. CAUSE NO. 3:24-CV-275-CCB-AZ

J. GALIPEAU, et al.,

Defendants.

OPINION AND ORDER Ramel Theodore Troy, a prisoner without a lawyer, filed a second amended complaint against twenty-one defendants alleging his Eighth Amendment rights were violated when he was denied adequate medical treatment, meals, showers, and outside recreation. ECF 28. “A document filed pro se is to be liberally construed, and a pro se complaint, however inartfully pleaded, must be held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.” Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007) (quotation marks and citations omitted). Nevertheless, under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, the court must review the merits of a prisoner complaint and dismiss it if the action is frivolous or malicious, fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief. September 2022 Troy’s allegations pertain to his confinement at Westville Control Unit (“WCU”). He initially asserts his Eighth Amendment rights were violated when he was denied breakfast, lunch, and dinner meals, and water from September 1, 2022 to September 23, 2022. ECF 28 at 35-36. Troy contends that Officer Baily, who was responsible for providing him with breakfast meals during this three-week period, never offered him a

meal. Id. at 35. Officer Bell, who was also responsible for delivering breakfast meals during this period, refused to stop at Troy’s cell to offer him a meal. Id. at 36. He further asserts that Officer Motsagen refused to provide him with lunch and dinner meals and Officer Brandon Williams denied him access to water in his cell, all during this same period of time. Id. The Eighth Amendment prohibits conditions of confinement that deny inmates

“the minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities.” Townsend v. Fuchs, 522 F.3d 765, 773 (7th Cir. 2008) (citations omitted). In evaluating an Eighth Amendment claim, courts conduct both an objective and a subjective inquiry. Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1994). The objective prong asks whether the alleged deprivation is “sufficiently serious” that the action or inaction of a prison official leads to “the denial of the

minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities.” Id. Although “the Constitution does not mandate comfortable prisons,” Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 349 (1981), inmates are entitled to adequate food, clothing, shelter, bedding, hygiene materials, and sanitation. Knight v. Wiseman, 590 F.3d 458, 463 (7th Cir. 2009); Gillis v. Litscher, 468 F.3d 488, 493 (7th Cir. 2006). On the subjective prong, the prisoner must show the defendant acted

with deliberate indifference to the inmate’s health or safety. Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834. As the Seventh Circuit has explained: [C]onduct is deliberately indifferent when the official has acted in an intentional or criminally reckless manner, i.e., the defendant must have known that the plaintiff was at serious risk of being harmed and decided not to do anything to prevent that harm from occurring even though he could have easily done so.

Board v. Farnham, 394 F.3d 469, 478 (7th Cir. 2005) (internal citations and quotations marks omitted); see also Reed v. McBride, 178 F.3d 849, 855 (7th Cir. 1999) (when inmate complained about severe deprivations but was ignored, he established a “prototypical case of deliberate indifference.”). Giving Troy the inferences to which he is entitled at this stage of the proceedings he has plausibly alleged Eighth Amendment claims against Officers Baily and Bell for refusing to provide him with breakfast meals from September 1, 2022 to September 23, 2022. He has also plausibly stated an Eighth Amendment claim against Officer Motsagen for refusing to provide him lunch and dinner meals during this same period. Furthermore, Troy has plausibly stated an Eighth

Amendment claim against Officer Williams for denying him access to water in his cell during this same period. Troy next alleges that, on September 23, 2022, an officer found him in his cell in a sitting position. ECF 28 at 15. The officer brought Troy some ice cubes and then took him to the prison’s infirmary in a wheelchair. Id. A physical examination indicated Troy

was dehydrated and lab results showed he had acute renal failure. Id. Dr. Jackson, a prison doctor, diagnosed Troy’s condition as being stable, ordered that he remain in the prison’s infirmary, and prescribed a liquid diet. Id. He noted Troy had undertaken an “undeclared hunger strike.” Id. at 1-2 at 7. Troy told Nurse Sandra Allen, Nurse Dorothy Livers, and Nurse Nicole Bridegroom he had not eaten a meal in three weeks. Id. He also told Nurse Allen there had been no running water in his sink in his cell for three weeks. Id. at 16.

Troy contends that while he was in the prison’s infirmary, Sgt. Escobedo and another officer held his neck and head, and forced liquids down his throat without his consent or knowledge of what he was consuming. ECF 28 at 18. “Prison administrators have a right and a duty to step in and force an inmate to take nourishment if a hunger strike has progressed to the point where continuation risks serious injury or death.” Owens v. Hinsley, 635 F.3d 950, 955 (7th Cir. 2011) (citing Freeman v. Berge, 441 F.3d 543,

546-47 (7th Cir. 2006)). Because Troy’s physical condition had deteriorated to the point where he was dehydrated and experiencing acute renal failure, it was reasonable for Sgt. Escobedo and the other officer to force Troy to consume liquids. Because an inmate conducting a hunger strike does not have a constitutionally protected right to refuse life-saving medical treatment, Troy may not proceed against Sgt. Escobedo. Freeman,

441 F.3d at 546-47. Troy asserts he remained in the prison’s infirmary until September 25, 2022, where he was in extreme pain, unable to breathe, could not voice his concerns, and had limited mobility. Id. at 18. He states he was rushed to Franciscan Hospital in Michigan City, Indiana, after inmates contacted his sister, who in turn contacted WCU. Id. Troy

contends that Dr. Jackson and Nurse Allen were deliberately indifferent to his life threatening condition because they did not immediately transport him to the hospital and, instead, treated him in the prison’s infirmary. Id. at 16. Under the Eighth Amendment, inmates are entitled to constitutionally adequate medical care. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976). To establish liability, a prisoner

must satisfy both an objective and subjective component by showing: (1) his medical need was objectively serious; and (2) the defendant acted with deliberate indifference to that medical need. Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1994). A medical need is viewed as “serious” if it is one that a physician has diagnosed as mandating treatment, or one that is so obvious that even a lay person would easily recognize the necessity for a doctor’s attention. Greeno v.

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Estelle v. Gamble
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Rhodes v. Chapman
452 U.S. 337 (Supreme Court, 1981)
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457 U.S. 922 (Supreme Court, 1982)
Berry v. Peterman
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Erickson v. Pardus
551 U.S. 89 (Supreme Court, 2007)
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635 F.3d 950 (Seventh Circuit, 2011)
Carl W. Hines v. Elkhart General Hospital
603 F.2d 646 (Seventh Circuit, 1979)
Orrin S. Reed v. Daniel McBride
178 F.3d 849 (Seventh Circuit, 1999)
Herbert L. Board v. Karl Farnham, Jr.
394 F.3d 469 (Seventh Circuit, 2005)
Donald F. Greeno v. George Daley
414 F.3d 645 (Seventh Circuit, 2005)
Berrell Freeman v. Gerald A. Berge
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Jaros v. Illinois Department of Corrections
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Troy v. Galipeau, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/troy-v-galipeau-innd-2025.