Transportation Cabinet v. Feige

889 S.W.2d 52, 1994 Ky. App. LEXIS 147, 1994 WL 700873
Court of Appeals of Kentucky·Decided December 16, 1994·No. No. 93-CA-001419-MR·Published·Cited by 6 cases

Opinion

OPINION REVERSING

HUDDLESTON, Judge.

In 1989 Frederick Robert Feige held a valid Kentucky operator’s license. In April of that year, Feige was charged for the third time with driving under influence of intoxicants (DUI). Feige moved to Florida before the charge was tried. Once there, he obtained a Florida operator’s license. Feige was convicted in Kentucky of driving under the influence in June 1989, and Kentucky notified Florida that Feige had accumulated three DUI convictions in five years. Pursuant to Fla.Stat. § 322.28, Florida suspended Feige’s license for ten years.1

Feige returned to Kentucky and complied with all but one of the requirements (including counseling) for the restoration of his Kentucky license. He did not produce, as required by a Kentucky administrative regulation, a clearance letter from Florida showing that the license issued him by that state is no longer suspended. Despite this, Jefferson Circuit Court rendered a summary judgment directing the Transportation Cabinet to “immediately issue to [Feige] a valid Kentucky Operator’s license upon his meeting all of [the Transportation Cabinet’s] normal conditions and requirements for reinstatement of that license, except the requirement of a Florida clearance as required by 601 KAR 12:020 Section 2.” The Transportation Cabinet appeals asserting that until he produces a clearance letter from Florida, Feige cannot be issued a Kentucky license.

According to Ky.Rev.Stat. (KRS) 186.440(3)2, those persons who are not to be granted a license include:

Any person whose operator’s license has been revoked, [and] any nonresident whose privilege of exemption under KRS 186.430 has been refused or discontinued, until the expiration of the period for which the license was revoked, or for which the privilege was refused or discontinued.

This statute, together with 601 KAR 12:020(2), was construed by this Court less than a year ago, in Commonwealth of Kentucky Transp. Cabinet v. Hobson, Ky.App., 870 S.W.2d 228 (1993). Hobson was convicted of DUI while a resident of Kentucky. He was convicted of DUI a second time after he moved to Florida and obtained a Florida license. Florida suspended his license for five years because of the two DUI convictions. He then returned to Kentucky and sought reinstatement of his Kentucky license. The Transportation Cabinet refused to issue a license, but the circuit court held that it must do so. In reversing the circuit court’s judgment, this Court noted that 601 KAR 12:020(2) requires that:

No person whose driving privilege has been withdrawn, denied, suspended, can-celled, or revoked in any state or licensing jurisdiction shall be issued a Kentucky op[54]*54erator’s license until proof of clearance or termination of the driving privilege withdrawal has been submitted to the Transportation Cabinet.

According to the Court, “an individual who moves to Kentucky cannot successfully avoid the provisions of [KRS 186.440(3)] by the simple expedient of changing his residence.” 870 S.W.2d at 230.

KRS 186.440(3) and 601 KAR 12:020(2), read together, make it clear that Feige’s license may not be reinstated until he gets a clearance letter from Florida. Feige argues, however, that this requirement denies him the equal protection of the laws3 because it treats applicants with suspended out-of-state operator’s licenses differently than those applicants with suspended Kentucky licenses. This Court responded to the same argument in Vaughn v. Commonwealth of Kentucky Transp. Cabinet, Ky.App., 870 S.W.2d 231, 232 (1993):

Kentucky has adopted the “strict scrutiny” and “rational basis” tests for challenges to laws based on violation of equal protection. Hooks v. Smith, Ky.App., 781 S.W.2d 522, 523 (1989). A “strict scrutiny” analysis may only be applied when a classification impermissibly interferes with the exercise of fundamental rights or operates to the peculiar disadvantage of a suspect class. Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia, 427 U.S. 307, 312, 96 S.Ct. 2562, [2566], 49 L.Ed.2d 520 (1976). The ability to procure a driver’s license has not been recognized as a fundamental right, but as a legitimately regulated privilege. Division of Driver Licensing v. Bergmann, Ky., 740 S.W.2d 948, 951 (1987). Neither are applicants with revoked out-of-state licenses a suspect class. Hence, the “rational basis” test is the one to be used to determine whether [KRS 186.440(3)] and 601 KAR 12:020(2) are violative of equal protection under the law.
Here there is obviously a rational relationship between the foregoing statute and regulation and the two-fold legitimate purposes served by those laws. First, there is a strong governmental interest in protecting the public from drivers whose licenses have been suspended for DUI offenses. Second, there is a strong governmental interest in preventing “license shopping” by nonresidents with suspended out-of-state licenses trying to obtain Kentucky licenses before their suspension period has ended. The statutory scheme employed by Kentucky has been adopted in more than 40 states in an effort to give effect to the sanctions imposed by each state as it sees fit.

Feige also argues that the Cabinet’s refusal to issue him a license until he obtains a Florida clearance letter violates the double jeopardy clause of Section 13 of the Kentucky Constitution.4 That contention has been made before and rejected: “[t]he suspension of an operator’s license is no part of the penalty and the suspension proceeding is separate from the criminal processes culminating in a conviction.” Commonwealth, Dept. of Public Safety v. Palmisano, Ky., 444 S.W.2d 128, 129 (1969). Florida did not punish Feige for the crime of DUI; it merely suspended his license, that is, it took away a privilege. Likewise, Kentucky is not punishing Feige for the crimes of DUI by refusing to reinstate his license. The refusal to issue an operator’s license is an administrative act, not a criminal punishment. See KRS 186.570; Speers v. Commonwealth, Ky., 828 S.W.2d 638, 640 (1992); Transportation Cabinet v. Bergmann, supra, 740 S.W.2d at 950.

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Transportation Cabinet v. Feige, 889 S.W.2d 52, 1994 Ky. App. LEXIS 147, 1994 WL 700873 (Ky. Ct. App. 1994).

889 S.W.2d 52 (Transportation Cabinet v. Feige) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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