Opinion by
Keller, J.,
The appellant is one of the supervisors of North Middleton Township, Cumberland County. He was proceeded against before a justice of the peace under the provisions of sections 236 and 240 of the Township Code (Act of July 14, 1917, P. L. 840), for failure to keep a public highway within said township in repair and free of obstructions. He defended on the ground that the highway was a county road, the care and maintenance of which rested upon the county commissioners. Judgment was entered against him for a penalty of one dollar. On appeal to the court of common pleas, the trial judge directed a verdict for the plaintiff, reserving the question of law whether under the evidence and the proceedings in the court of quarter sessions hereinafter referred to, the road in question had been taken over by the county commissioners as a county road. Judgment was subsequently directed to be entered on the verdict and defendant appealed. The case depends upon the construction to be given the Act of May 11,1911, P. L. 244, as amended by the Act of July 12,1919, P. L. 918, pro[505]*505viding for the construction or improvement of certain highways as county roads.
Under its provisions the county commissioners on December 20,1919, passed a formal resolution “to take exclusive control of and improve” the road in question and in pursuance thereof prepared surveys and plans relative to said improvement and presented a petition to the court of quarter sessions praying for authority to make such improvement. This application was in due course approved by the grand jury, and on March 17,1920, after hearing, was approved by the court, and the County of Cumberland was directed to enter upon, take over and improve the said highway and to let a contract, etc., and it was further ordered that “the said road so taken over ......shall become a county road, to be constructed, improved and maintained as directed by the various acts of assembly regulating the rights and duties of counties in such cases.” On April 10, following, the commissioners petitioned the State Highway Department to improve the road out of “state-aid” road funds and agreed to pay one-half of the total expense of such improvement. All of this occurred before any proceedings were instituted against the defendant. If its effect was to make the road a county road from the date of the entry of the final decree the judgment must be reversed.
The purpose of the Act of May 11, 1911, was to provide for a system of improved county roads. It was wholly voluntary and the initiative; of securing them lay entirely with the county commissioners. The act contemplated (1) the original laying out, opening and construction of new roads or (2) the taking over and improvement of existing township roads. Its language is therefore somewhat obscure if it be attempted to apply it all to both classes of roads. It further contemplated the preparation of complete plans and surveys before ap; plying for the approval thereof to the grand jury and court of quarter sessions. The commissioners should [506]*506therefore he in a position to act promptly as soon as the approval of the court was secured.
The act as amended (section 1), gives power to the several counties of the Commonwealth, whenever the commissioners shall resolve so to do and upon the approval thereof hy a grand jury and by the court of quarter sessions, to make, construct and maintain public roads or highways as county roads; and to that end empowers and authorizes them (1) to originally lay out and open any public road or highway, and (2) to take possession of and exercise control over any existing township road or highway or part thereof, and to straighten, widen, extend and alter any such road or part thereof, and to vacate so much thereof as may become unnecessary and useless. It further provides that “any such road so taken over or improved under the provisions of this act shall thereupon become a county road and it shall be the duty of such county to keep and maintain such road in repair.”
Section 3 establishes the manner of procedure to be followed by the county commissioners, — which was strictly pursued in this instance,- — and provides that after approval of the petition by the grand jury and a hearing before the court of quarter sessions the court may, for proper cause shown, disapprove of said application; “otherwise said court shall approve said application and shall thereupon make an order authorizing such county to enter upon, take over and improve such road, and to let a contract or contracts for the construction thereof under specifications to be prepared by the proper county authorities, and thereupon any original location, opening, widening, straightening, extension, alteration or vacation of any road set forth in said proceedings shall become absolute. The words ‘improved or improvement’ as herein used, mean each and every power conferred upon counties under the terms of section one of this act.”
The subsequent sections of the act authorize the commissioners to make agreements for the payment of damages [507]*507occasioned by sucb improvement, subject to the approval of the court, and the appointment of viewers and their procedure, where such agreement as to damages cannot be made with the parties interested; the letting of contracts by the commissioners; their maintenance and repair of county roads either by contract or by the direct use of men and materials; the levying of necessary taxes; the borrowing of necessary funds; the improvement of such highways traversing a borough, etc.; and then it is provided in section 19: “All such roads and highways, and all parts thereof, originally constructed and improved in accordance with the provisions of this act, shall be deemed, taken, and treated as, and become, public highways of the said county, and shall be subject to the control and supervision of the proper county commissioners; and it shall be the duty of said several counties to keep, maintain and repair the same whenever and as often as it shall be found necessary; and all road supervisors, authorities, persons, or townships, heretofore required to maintain and keep in repair such roads or parts thereof, shall thereupon and thereafter cease to have any management of or control over said roads or any part thereof; and such supervisors, authorities and townships are hereby relieved from all duty and responsibility in and about the care, maintenance, and repair of all roads improved under this act and of former acts, and becoming county roads; and all other public roads shall continue under the control of the proper local authorities, and shall be opened, repaired, and maintained, under the laws now in force in the respective townships of the several counties of this Commonwealth.”
There are some expressions in this section, which considered by themselves might indicate that the county’s responsibility began only after the improvement of the road, but as defined ini section 3, “improved” embraces each and every power conferred upon counties under the first section, and as the power to “take over” existing [508]*508roads is conferred in that section, a road “taken over” may be considered as “improved” within the meaning of section 19, otherwise there would be a conflict in terms between sections 1 and 19.
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Opinion by
Keller, J.,
The appellant is one of the supervisors of North Middleton Township, Cumberland County. He was proceeded against before a justice of the peace under the provisions of sections 236 and 240 of the Township Code (Act of July 14, 1917, P. L. 840), for failure to keep a public highway within said township in repair and free of obstructions. He defended on the ground that the highway was a county road, the care and maintenance of which rested upon the county commissioners. Judgment was entered against him for a penalty of one dollar. On appeal to the court of common pleas, the trial judge directed a verdict for the plaintiff, reserving the question of law whether under the evidence and the proceedings in the court of quarter sessions hereinafter referred to, the road in question had been taken over by the county commissioners as a county road. Judgment was subsequently directed to be entered on the verdict and defendant appealed. The case depends upon the construction to be given the Act of May 11,1911, P. L. 244, as amended by the Act of July 12,1919, P. L. 918, pro[505]*505viding for the construction or improvement of certain highways as county roads.
Under its provisions the county commissioners on December 20,1919, passed a formal resolution “to take exclusive control of and improve” the road in question and in pursuance thereof prepared surveys and plans relative to said improvement and presented a petition to the court of quarter sessions praying for authority to make such improvement. This application was in due course approved by the grand jury, and on March 17,1920, after hearing, was approved by the court, and the County of Cumberland was directed to enter upon, take over and improve the said highway and to let a contract, etc., and it was further ordered that “the said road so taken over ......shall become a county road, to be constructed, improved and maintained as directed by the various acts of assembly regulating the rights and duties of counties in such cases.” On April 10, following, the commissioners petitioned the State Highway Department to improve the road out of “state-aid” road funds and agreed to pay one-half of the total expense of such improvement. All of this occurred before any proceedings were instituted against the defendant. If its effect was to make the road a county road from the date of the entry of the final decree the judgment must be reversed.
The purpose of the Act of May 11, 1911, was to provide for a system of improved county roads. It was wholly voluntary and the initiative; of securing them lay entirely with the county commissioners. The act contemplated (1) the original laying out, opening and construction of new roads or (2) the taking over and improvement of existing township roads. Its language is therefore somewhat obscure if it be attempted to apply it all to both classes of roads. It further contemplated the preparation of complete plans and surveys before ap; plying for the approval thereof to the grand jury and court of quarter sessions. The commissioners should [506]*506therefore he in a position to act promptly as soon as the approval of the court was secured.
The act as amended (section 1), gives power to the several counties of the Commonwealth, whenever the commissioners shall resolve so to do and upon the approval thereof hy a grand jury and by the court of quarter sessions, to make, construct and maintain public roads or highways as county roads; and to that end empowers and authorizes them (1) to originally lay out and open any public road or highway, and (2) to take possession of and exercise control over any existing township road or highway or part thereof, and to straighten, widen, extend and alter any such road or part thereof, and to vacate so much thereof as may become unnecessary and useless. It further provides that “any such road so taken over or improved under the provisions of this act shall thereupon become a county road and it shall be the duty of such county to keep and maintain such road in repair.”
Section 3 establishes the manner of procedure to be followed by the county commissioners, — which was strictly pursued in this instance,- — and provides that after approval of the petition by the grand jury and a hearing before the court of quarter sessions the court may, for proper cause shown, disapprove of said application; “otherwise said court shall approve said application and shall thereupon make an order authorizing such county to enter upon, take over and improve such road, and to let a contract or contracts for the construction thereof under specifications to be prepared by the proper county authorities, and thereupon any original location, opening, widening, straightening, extension, alteration or vacation of any road set forth in said proceedings shall become absolute. The words ‘improved or improvement’ as herein used, mean each and every power conferred upon counties under the terms of section one of this act.”
The subsequent sections of the act authorize the commissioners to make agreements for the payment of damages [507]*507occasioned by sucb improvement, subject to the approval of the court, and the appointment of viewers and their procedure, where such agreement as to damages cannot be made with the parties interested; the letting of contracts by the commissioners; their maintenance and repair of county roads either by contract or by the direct use of men and materials; the levying of necessary taxes; the borrowing of necessary funds; the improvement of such highways traversing a borough, etc.; and then it is provided in section 19: “All such roads and highways, and all parts thereof, originally constructed and improved in accordance with the provisions of this act, shall be deemed, taken, and treated as, and become, public highways of the said county, and shall be subject to the control and supervision of the proper county commissioners; and it shall be the duty of said several counties to keep, maintain and repair the same whenever and as often as it shall be found necessary; and all road supervisors, authorities, persons, or townships, heretofore required to maintain and keep in repair such roads or parts thereof, shall thereupon and thereafter cease to have any management of or control over said roads or any part thereof; and such supervisors, authorities and townships are hereby relieved from all duty and responsibility in and about the care, maintenance, and repair of all roads improved under this act and of former acts, and becoming county roads; and all other public roads shall continue under the control of the proper local authorities, and shall be opened, repaired, and maintained, under the laws now in force in the respective townships of the several counties of this Commonwealth.”
There are some expressions in this section, which considered by themselves might indicate that the county’s responsibility began only after the improvement of the road, but as defined ini section 3, “improved” embraces each and every power conferred upon counties under the first section, and as the power to “take over” existing [508]*508roads is conferred in that section, a road “taken over” may be considered as “improved” within the meaning of section 19, otherwise there would be a conflict in terms between sections 1 and 19.
It must be admitted that the language of the act is not as clear as it might be, but we are of opinion, considering it as a whole, that its evident intent was that the road should become a county road from the date of the final decree of the court directing the county to enter upon, take over and improve the same, and that thereafter the duty of maintaining and repairing it devolved upon the county commissioners, and no longer rested on the township supervisors; and that the Act of May 16, 1921, P. L. 638, which clearly fixes the commissioners with such responsibility from the date of said decree, was, as stated in said act, only declaratory of the true intent and meaning of the Act of May 11,1911, aforesaid, and did not operate to change the existing law.
The confusion that would result otherwise is sufficient to resolve any doubt in favor of the county’s responsibility. If the county’s responsibility for maintaining the road is contingent on and following the actual improvement of such road, when does it begin? When bids are invited? When the contract is let? When the work is begun? As each portion of the work is finished? When the improvement is finally completed? The act does not say. If the extreme view is taken that the highway becomes a county road and responsibility attaches only after it is improved, we have the anomaly of the supervisors being responsible for the care of a road while it is torn up and being worked on by contractors over whom they have no control. We feel rather that the fair construction of the act is that the law considers the commissioners as having taken over the road from the date when the final and absolute decree is entered directing them to do so in conformity with the prayer of their petition and that the intended improvement follows when the road is under their care and control; that the [509]*509word “thereupon” as used in the first section of the amended act, as to the time when the road becomes a county road, and in the third section, in connection with the absolute confirmation of the commissioners’ action, relates ultimately to the date of the final decree of the court.
Under this view of the case we are compelled to sustain the third and fourth assignments of error. The others are without merit.
The judgment is reversed at the costs of the appellee.