Tony Jacob Thomas v. Commonwealth of Virginia

CourtCourt of Appeals of Virginia
DecidedApril 11, 2023
Docket1234214
StatusUnpublished

This text of Tony Jacob Thomas v. Commonwealth of Virginia (Tony Jacob Thomas v. Commonwealth of Virginia) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Virginia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Tony Jacob Thomas v. Commonwealth of Virginia, (Va. Ct. App. 2023).

Opinion

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA UNPUBLISHED

Present: Chief Judge Decker, Judges AtLee and Friedman Argued at Fredericksburg, Virginia

TONY JACOB THOMAS MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 1234-21-4 JUDGE RICHARD Y. ATLEE, JR. APRIL 11, 2023 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAUQUIER COUNTY James E. Plowman, Judge

T. Brooke Howard, II (Howard, Clark & Howard, on brief), for appellant.

Lindsay M. Brooker, Assistant Attorney General (Jason S. Miyares, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

Appellant Tony Jacob Thomas appeals his conviction for unlawful wounding, in violation of

Code § 18.2-51. On appeal, Thomas contends that the Fauquier County Circuit Court erred by

convicting him pursuant to the first proposed plea agreement rather than the second, renegotiated

plea agreement. He argues that the circuit court did not follow the formalities of Rule 3A:8 when he

tendered his plea. Specifically, he argues: (1) that the circuit court did not arraign him under a

“properly amended indictment” and the plea was thus void and invalid and (2) that the circuit court

never accepted his proposed plea agreement leaving the parties free to renegotiate. Alternatively, he

argues that even if the conviction is not void for such errors, the conviction should be vacated “by

virtue of [Thomas] being denied his ability to withdraw any ‘plea,’ valid or otherwise, both prior to

adjudication of guilt and sentencing.” For the following reasons, we disagree and affirm Thomas’s

conviction.

* This opinion is not designated for publication. See Code § 17.1 413. I. BACKGROUND

“On appeal of criminal convictions, we view the facts in the light most favorable to the

Commonwealth, and [we] draw all reasonable inferences from those facts.” Johnson v.

Commonwealth, 73 Va. App. 393, 396 (2021) (alteration in original) (quoting Payne v.

Commonwealth, 65 Va. App. 194, 198 (2015)). So viewed, the facts are as follows.

A. The January 22, 2020 Hearing and the Original Plea Agreement

On September 23, 2019, a grand jury indicted Thomas on one count of aggravated malicious

wounding, in violation of Code § 18.2-51.2. On January 22, 2020, the morning trial was set to

begin, the parties informed the circuit court that both parties had reached and endorsed a plea

agreement. Upon questioning, Thomas informed the circuit court that it was a plea agreement with

an agreed disposition. The circuit court indicated it would “take the plea,” release the jury, and

order a presentence report. It also explained that it would set a date to accept the plea and sentence

because it did not yet know the terms of the plea agreement.

Thomas gave the circuit court a copy of the plea agreement and the Commonwealth’s

proffer of facts, and he explained that he would like to provide his own proffer. The

Commonwealth clarified that the agreed disposition was only an agreement that Thomas would be

sentenced within the sentencing guidelines, and the parties were free to argue within the guidelines.

The parties also informed the circuit court that the plea agreement contemplated amending the

original aggravated malicious wounding charge to unlawful wounding. Because it was not yet

accepting the agreement, the circuit court explained that it would arraign Thomas on the original

charge, aggravated malicious wounding, “[s]ince the amendment is part of the agreement we won’t

amend it just yet.” The circuit court also noted for the record that no amendment to the indictment

would be made unless and until the plea agreement was accepted. Neither party objected.

-2- When the clerk asked Thomas how he pled to the aggravated malicious wounding, defense

counsel intervened. The circuit court clarified:

Mr. Thomas, you’ve been asked whether or not you plead guilty to the charge as indicted which is aggravated malicious wounding. Is it your understanding that you will be pleading guilty if the Court accepts an agreement? Because there’s an agreed amendment and disposition in this case, it is your understanding is it not that you’ll be pleading guilty to that amended charge and not the indicted charge?

Thomas responded, “Yes, sir. No contest.” After further clarification, Thomas confirmed he

intended to plead no contest to the amended charge of unlawful wounding.

The circuit court placed Thomas under oath and conducted a plea colloquy. Thomas

affirmed that he had signed both the plea-of-guilty-to-a-felony form and the plea agreement. After

the circuit court allowed Thomas to review the Commonwealth’s proffer of facts with his attorney,

Thomas confirmed that he understood the Commonwealth’s evidence. He also indicated that he

understood that by entering his plea he was waiving certain rights.

During the colloquy, the circuit court questioned Thomas, “Do you understand the charge

against you which is currently aggravated malicious wounding, but this plea is in anticipation of an

amendment to unlawful wounding?” It also asked if he understood the elements of both charges,

and Thomas confirmed that he did. The circuit court then asked him if he was aware of the

punishment range for both charges, noting that

[f]or aggravated malicious wounding it’s anywhere from 20 years to life in prison and a $100,000 fine. And for what could possibly be the amended charge of unlawful wounding is up to five years, one to five years or at the discretion of a judge or jury a fine of up to $2,500 and/or confinement for up to 12 months[.]

Thomas responded, “Yes, Your Honor.” Thomas affirmed that he understood that the circuit

court would be bound to the sentencing guidelines if the plea agreement was accepted.

-3- With respect to the plea agreement, Thomas asserted that he understood that there was an

agreement and that if the circuit court did not accept the plea agreement, he would have the right

to withdraw his plea and have the case heard by a different judge. He confirmed that he had had

enough time to discuss the case with his attorney, that it was his decision to enter the plea

agreement, and that no one forced him to enter his plea. Thomas also confirmed that he

understood he would be found guilty if the plea agreement was accepted. After the colloquy, the

circuit court found that the plea had been made “knowingly and voluntarily with an

understanding of the nature of the charge -- the two charges, in fact, and the consequences of

[the] plea.”

Additionally, the circuit court found the facts sufficient for a finding of guilt, but it

withheld a finding of guilt because of the plea agreement and the need to amend the indictment if

it accepted the agreement. The circuit court explained that “as far as procedurally I think it’s

maybe more efficient, because if the Court doesn’t accept the plea then we don’t have to go

through the process of your client withdrawing the plea. . . . [P]rocedurally I think it would be a

little bit easier to do it that way.” Thomas agreed.

The circuit court then asked the Commonwealth to explain why it believed the proposed

agreement was “in the best interests of the Commonwealth.” The prosecutor explained that one

eyewitness was hospitalized for health reasons and would be unable to come to court and a

second eyewitness was on probation for misdemeanor crimes that could be considered crimes of

moral turpitude. The victim, who was intoxicated during the incident, was unable to remember

exactly what happened.

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