Tonney Killensworth v. D. Godfrey

• Court: District Court, C.D. California
• Decided: October 24, 2019
• Docket: 2:19-cv-06029
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

5 3 5 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 | TONNEY KILLENS WORTH, Case No. 2:19-cv-06029-VBF (MAA) 12 Plaintiff, MEMORANDUM DECISION AND 13 yy. ORDER DISMISSING COMPLAINT WITH LEAVE TO AMEND M4 D. GODFREY et ail. Defendants. 17 18 | I. INTRODUCTION 19 On July 10, 2019, Plaintiff Tonney Killensworth (“Plaintiff”), an inmate at 20 || California State Prison - Corcoran, proceeding pro se, filed a Complaint alleging 21 || violations of his civil rights pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (“Section 1983”). 22 || (Compl., ECF No. 1.) The Court has screened the Complaint as prescribed by 28 23 || U.S.C. § 1915A and 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). For the reasons stated below, the 24 || Complaint is DISMISSED WITH LEAVE TO AMEND. Plaintiff is ORDERED 25 || to, within thirty days after the date of this Order, either: (1) file a First Amended 26 || Complaint, or (2) advise the Court that Plaintiff does not intend to file a First 27 || Amended Complaint. 28 | ///

1 | I PLAINTIFF’S ALLEGATIONS AND CLAIMS 2 The Complaint is filed against: (1) Correctional Sergeant D. Godfrey, 3 || (2) Correctional Sergeant R. Aguirre, (3) Correctional Lieutenant G. Marshall, and 4 || (4) Correctional Lieutenant B. Legier (each a “Defendant” and collectively, 5 || “Defendants”). (Compl. 2)! Each Defendant is sued in his individual capacity. (Ic 6 || at 11.) 7 The Complaint? contains the following allegations and claims: This lawsuit 8 | arises out of a July 11, 2018 altercation between inmates Castro and J ackson, whic! 9 || culminated in inmate Castro stabbing inmate Jackson in the neck. (Id. at 5.) 10 || Plaintiff alleges that he was not involved in the incident, was locked in his assignec 11 |) cell at the time, and “was oblivious to what was going on.” (Id.) 12 That night, Plaintiff received a rules violation report (“RVR”), which charge 13 || Plaintiff with soliciting inmate Castro to murder inmate Jackson, and was placed 14 || into administrative segregation (“ad seg”) by Defendant Marshall. (dd. at □□□□□ 15 | Plaintiff alleges that Defendants conspired with each other to fabricate documents 16 || and information relative to the RVR. (id. at 4.) According to Plaintiff, there was 17 || no evidence of Plaintiffs personal involvement in the incident. (dd. at 5.) 18 Plaintiff voiced his concerns about the flaws in his administrative segregatior 19 || notice to a classification committee. (/d.) Instead of taking note of the 20 || misinformation given by a confidential informant and dropping the false charges 21 | against Plaintiff, Defendant Legier issued a second ad-seg notice to Plaintiff on July 22) 93 || ' Citations to pages in docketed documents reference the page numbers generated b CM/ECF. 24 25 || 7 Normally the Court would summarize the allegations in the Complaint and attached exhibits. See Durning v. First Boston Corp., 815 F.2d 1265, 1267 (9th Cir 26 1987) (Ifa complaint is accompanied by attached documents, . . . these documents 27 || are part of the complaint and may be considered in determining whether the plaintif can prove any set of facts in support of the claim.”). However, while the Complain 28 || references exhibits (see Compl. 3, 9), no exhibits were attached.

I || 20,2018. Ud. at 7.) The second ad-seg notice stated that “‘confidential 2 || information’ was received indicating you may have played a role in the attempted 3 || murder of inmate Jackson.” (/d. at 5-6.) Plaintiff contends that this is a “very 4 || serious allegation to ‘presume’ without an eye witness account, [sic] the only thing 5 || left is a presumption of guilt.” (Id. at 6.) 6 Defendant Aguirre was replaced as a senior hearing officer on Plaintiff's 7 || investigative employee report. (/d. at 3.) Plaintiff asserts that this was improper 8 || because a senior hearing officer must be a lieutenant or higher. Ud.) Plaintiff 9 || alleges that Defendant Aguirre denied all of Plaintiffs questions—which would 10 || have exonerated Plaintiff completely—and deemed them irrelevant. Ud.) 11 || Defendant Aguirre asserted that he did not decline Plaintiff's questions, as that 12 || could only be done by a senior hearing officer. Ud.) Plaintiff contends that 13 | Defendant Aguirre denied Plaintiffs due process rights to fully cross-examine the 14 || victim and others involved in the matter. (/d.) 15 Defendant Godfrey compounded the problem by denying Plaintiff's first- 16 || level appeal on August 16, 2018. (Id. at 9.) 17 Plaintiff alleges that he has been in the security housing unit (“SHU”) for 36: 18 | days, and has another 180 days remaining in SHU. (Id. at 3.) As aresult, Plaintiff 19 || asserts that he has not been able to practice his religion and attend the classes he 20 || needs; is confined in a cell twenty hours per day with two hours of daily exercise in 21 || a separate, slightly larger cell; is only permitted three showers per week; is not 22 || allowed phone calls; and has suffered severe emotional distress. (Ud. at 4.) 23 Based on the foregoing, Plaintiff asserts four claims for violation of the 24 || Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause. (Ud. at 3-10.) 25 || Plaintiff also alleges that his Sixth Amendment, due process, and equal protection 26 || rights were violated. (Id. at 3, 6.) Plaintiff seeks: (1) restoration of his good-time 27 || credits; (2) $200,000 in damages; and (3) unquantified punitive damages. (/d. at 28 | 11.)

1 | I. LEGAL STANDARD 2 Federal courts must conduct a preliminary screening of any case in which a 3 || prisoner seeks redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a 4 || governmental entity (28 U.S.C. § 1915A), or in which a plaintiff proceeds in forme 5 || pauperis (28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)). The court must identify cognizable claims 6 || and dismiss any complaint, or any portion thereof, that is: (1) frivolous or maliciou 7 | (2) fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or (3) seeks monetary 8 || relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915A(b), 9 | 1915(e)(2)(B). 10 When screening a complaint to determine whether it fails to state a claim 11 || upon which relief can be granted, courts apply the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12 || 12(b)(6) (“Rule 12(b)(6)”) standard. See Wilhelm v. Rotman, 680 F.3d 1113, 1121 13 } (9th Cir. 2012) (applying the Rule 12(b)(6) standard to 28 U.S.C. § Section 1915A 14 || Watison v. Carter, 668 F.3d 1108, 1112 (9th Cir. 2012) (applying the Rule 12(b)(6 15 || standard to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii)). “Dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) is 16 || appropriate only where the complaint lacks a cognizable legal theory or sufficient 17 || facts to support a cognizable legal theory.” Hartmann v. Cal. Dep’t of Corr. & 18 || Rehab., 707 F.3d 1114, 1122 (9th Cir. 2013) (quoting Mendiondo v. Centinela 19 | Hosp. Med. Ctr., 521 F.3d 1097, 1104 (9th Cir. 2008)). 20 Rule 12(b)(6) is read in conjunction with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 21 | 8(a) (“Rule 8”), “which requires not only ‘fair notice of the nature of the claim, but 22 || also grounds on which the claim rests.’” See Li v. Kerry, 710 F.3d 995, 998 (9th 23 || Cir. 2013) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 556 n.3 (2007)). In 24 || reviewing a motion to dismiss, the court will accept the plaintiff's factual 25 || allegations as true and view them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. Park 26 || v. Thompson, 851 F.3d 910, 918 (9th Cir. 2017). Although “detailed factual 27 || allegations” are not required, “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of 28 || action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal

I | 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). “Conclusory allegations of law . . . are insufficient to 2 || defeat a motion to dismiss.” Park, 851 F.3d at 918 (alteration in original) (quoting 3 || Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 679 (9th Cir. 2001)). Rather, a complain 4 || must “contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief 5 || that is plausible on its face.”” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quoting 7: wombly, 550 U.S. at 6 || 570). “A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that 7 || allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the 8 || misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 663. “If there are two alternative 9 || explanations, one advanced by defendant and the other advanced by plaintiff, both 10 || of which are plausible, plaintiffs complaint survives a motion to dismiss under 11 || Rule 12(b)(6).” Starr v. Baca, 652 F.3d 1202, 1216 (9th Cir. 201 1). “Plaintiffs 12 || complaint may be dismissed only when defendant’s plausible alternative 13 || explanation is so convincing that plaintiffs explanation is implausible.” Id. 14 Where a plaintiff is pro se, particularly in civil rights cases, courts should 15 || construe pleadings liberally and afford the plaintiff any benefit of the doubt. 16 || Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1121. “[B]efore dismissing a pro se complaint the district 17 || court must provide the litigant with notice of the deficiencies in his complaint in 18 || order to ensure that the litigant uses the opportunity to amend effectively.” Akhtar 19 | v. Mesa, 698 F.3d 1202, 1212 (9th Cir. 2012) (quoting Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 20 || 1258, 1261 (9th Cir. 1992)). A court should grant a pro se plaintiff leave to amend 21 || a defective complaint “unless it is absolutely clear that the deficiencies of the 22 || complaint could not be cured by amendment.” Akhtar, 698 F.3d at 1212 (quoting 23 || Shucker v. Rockwood, 846 F.2d 1202, 1203~04 (9th Cir. 1988) (per curiam)). 24 25 || IV. DISCUSSION 26 A. Plaintiff’s Claims Potentially Are Heck-Barred. 27 “Federal law opens two main avenues to relief on complaints related to 28 || imprisonment: a petition for habeas corpus, 28 U.S.C. § 2254, and a complaint

I | under [Section 1983]. Challenges to the validity of any confinement or to 2 || particulars affecting its duration are the province of habeas corpus; requests for 3 || relief turning on circumstances of confinement may be presented in a § 1983 4 || action.” Muhammad v. Close, 540 U.S. 749, 750 (2004) (per curiam) (citations 5 || omitted). 6 A Section 1983 complaint must be dismissed pursuant to Heck v. Humphrey 7 || Judgment in favor of the plaintiff would undermine the validity of his conviction or 8 || sentence, unless the plaintiff can demonstrate that the conviction or sentence alread 9 || has been invalidated, either through state litigation or federal writ of habeas corpus 10 | 512 U.S. at 477, 486-87 (1994). However, the Heck bar applies only “where 11 || success would necessarily imply the unlawfulness of a (not previously invalidated) 12 || conviction or sentence.” Wilkinson vy. Dotson, 544 U.S. 74, 81 (2005). 13 In Edwards v. Balisock, the Supreme Court applied Heck to bar a Section 14 | 1983 action involving allegedly defective prison disciplinary procedures resulting i 15 || a loss of good time credits. 520 U.S. 641, 648 (1997). The Supreme Court later 16 } clarified in Muhammad v. Close that an inmate’s Section 1983 challenge to 17 || disciplinary proceedings are not barred by Heck if the challenge “threatens no 18 || consequence for [the] conviction or the duration of [the] sentence.” 540 USS. at 75] 19 }| If the invalidity of the disciplinary proceedings, and therefore the restoration of goo 20 || time credits, would not necessarily affect the length of time to be served, then the 21 || claim falls outside the core of habeas and may be brought pursuant to Section 1983. 22 || See id. at 754-55. 23 Applying that limitation, the Ninth Circuit concluded in Nettles v. Grounds 24 || that Heck did not bar a California inmate serving a life sentence from bringing a 25 || Section 1983 challenge to a disciplinary hearing that resulted in the loss of good 26 || time credits. 830 F.3d 922, 934-36 (9th Cir. 2016) (en banc). Because Nettles was 27 || serving a life sentence, success on the merits of his claim “would not necessarily 28 || lead to immediate or speedier release because the expungement of the challenged

| || disciplinary violation would not necessarily lead to a grant of parole.” Id. at 934— 2 | 35. “Under California law, the parole board must consider [alll relevant, reliable 3 || information’ in determining suitability for parole.” Id. at 935 (quoting Cal. Code 4 | Regs. Tit. 15, § 2281(b)). “A rules violation is merely one of the factors shedding 5 || light on whether a prisoner ‘constitutes a current threat to the public safety.” 6 || Nettles, 830 F.3d at 935 (quoting Jn re Lawrence, 44 Cal.4th 1181, 1191 (2008)). 7 || The parole board may deny parole “on the basis of any of the grounds presently 8 || available to it.” Nettles, 830 F.3d at 935 (quoting Ramirez v. Galaza, 334 F.3d □□□ 9 || 859 (9th Cir. 2003)). Thus, “the presence of a disciplinary infraction does not 10 || compel the denial of parole, nor does an absence of an infraction compel the grant. 11 || parole.” Nettles, 830 F.3d at 935. 12 Here, Plaintiff seeks restoration of lost good-time credits (Compl. 11), which 13 | could lead to an earlier release date depending on Plaintiff's sentence. If □□□□□□□□□□□ 14 || sentence has a determinate term, restoration of lost good-time credits necessarily 15 || would result in a speedier release and would fall within the “core of habeas.” If SO, 16 || the lawsuit should be brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254, not Section 1983. See 17 || Muhammad, 540 U.S. at 750. However, if Plaintiff is facing an indeterminate life 18 || sentence, the restoration of good-time credits would not necessarily result in an 19 || earlier release and Plaintiffs claims could be brought pursuant to Section 1983. 20 || See Nettles, 830 F.3d at 934-36. 21 The Court makes no ruling on the potential applicability of Heck at this time. 22 || If Plaintiff files an amended complaint, he should include the term of his prison 23 || sentence. 24 25 B. The Complaint Does Not State a Section 1983 Claim. 26 Section 1983 provides a cause of action against “every person who, under 27 || color of any statute .. . of any State... subjects, or causes to be subjected, any 28 || citizen . . . to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the

1 | Constitution and laws ....” Wyatt v. Cole, 504 U.S. 158, 161 (1992) (alteration in 2 || original) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 1983). The purpose of Section 1983 is “to deter stat 3 || actors from using the badge of their authority to deprive individuals of their 4 || federally guaranteed rights and to provide relief to victims if such deterrence fails. 5S || Wyatt, 504 U.S. at 161. To state a claim under Section 1983, a plaintiff must 6 || allege: (1) a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was 7 | violated; and (2) the alleged violation was committed by a person acting under 8 || color of state law. West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). 9 The Complaint only asserts claims pursuant to the Eighth Amendment Cruel 10 | and Unusual Punishments Clause. (Compl. 3-10.) However, Plaintiff also alleges 11 || that his Sixth Amendment, due process, and equal protection rights were violated. 12 || Ud. at 3, 6.) Mindful of the liberal pleading standards afforded pro se civil rights 13 |) plaintiffs, the Court also examines the Complaint in light of the Sixth Amendment’ 14 || Confrontation Clause, Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause, Fourteenth 15 || Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, First Amendment’s Free Exercise Clause, 16 || the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (“RLUIPA”), and 17 || conspiracy. See Alvarez v. Hill, 518 F.3d 1152, 1157-58 (9th Cir. 2008) (holding 18 || that pro se litigant need not cite correct statutory or constitutional source of a claim 19 | to survive a motion to dismiss); Ellis v. Brady, Case No. 16cv1419 WQH (NLS), 20 || 2017 USS. Dist. LEXIS 203458, at *15—16 (S.D. Cal. Dec. 8, 2017) (concluding tha 21 || court could address plaintiff's claim asserted under the wrong constitutional 22 || amendment, as “it is the factual allegations, not the legal labels attached, which 23 || determine the issue”). For the reasons below, the Court concludes that the 24 || Complaint does not state any claims pursuant to Section 1983. 25 || /// 26 |] /// 27 | /// 28 | ///

I 1. The Complaint Does Not State an Eighth Amendment Clait 2 for Cruel and Unusual Punishment. 3 “[T]he treatment a prisoner receives in prison and the conditions under whic 4 || he is confined are subject to scrutiny under the Eighth Amendment,” which 5 || prohibits cruel and unusual punishments. Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 832 6 || (1994) (quoting Helling v. McKinney, 509 U.S. 25, 31 (1993)). “[W]hile condition 7 || of confinement may be, and often are, restrictive and harsh, they ‘must not involve 8 | the wanton and unnecessary infliction of pain.’” Morgan v. Morgensen, 465 F.3d 9 || 1041, 1045 (9th Cir. 2006) (quoting Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 347 10 | (1981)). “In other words, they must not be devoid of legitimate penological 11 || purpose, or contrary to ‘evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a 12 || maturing society.’”” Morgan, 465 F.3d at 1045 (citation omitted) (quoting Trop v. 13 || Dulles, 356 U.S. 86, 101 (1958)). 14 A prison official violates the Eighth Amendment when two requirements are 15 || met. First, “the deprivation alleged must be, objectively, sufficiently serious; a 16 || prison official’s act or omission must result in the denial of the minimal civilized 17 || measure of life’s necessities.” Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834 (internal quotations and 18 || citations omitted). “Prison officials have a duty to ensure that prisoners are 19 || provided adequate shelter, food, clothing, sanitation, medical care, and personal 20 || safety.” Johnson v. Lewis, 217 F.3d 726, 731 (9th Cir. 2000). “The circumstances, 21 | nature, and duration of a deprivation of these necessities must be considered in 22 || determining whether a constitutional violation has occurred. ‘The more basic the 23 || need, the shorter the time it can be withheld.” Jd. (quoting Hoptowit v. Ray, 682 24 || F.2d 1237, 1246 (9th Cir. 1982)). Second, subjectively, the prison official acted 25 || with “deliberate indifference” to an inmate’s health or safety—that is, “the official 26 || knows of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health or safety; the official 27 || must both be aware of facts from which the inference could be drawn that a 28 | ///

1 || substantial risk of serious harm exists, and he must also draw the inference.” 2 || Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837. 4 a. Objective Prong. 5 Plaintiff alleges that he has spent 365 days, and has another 180 days 6 || remaining, in SHU. (Compl. 3.) As a result of his administrative segregation, 7 || Plaintiff alleges that he: (1) has not been able to practice his religion; (2) has not 8 || been able to attend needed classes; (3) is confined in a cell twenty hours per day 9 || with two hours of daily exercise in a separate, slightly larger cell; (4) is only 10 || permitted three showers per week; and (5) is not allowed telephone calls. (/d. at 4. 11 || Of these allegations, only the long-term deprivation of outdoor exercise alleges a 12 || “sufficiently serious” denial of “the minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities, 13 || Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834. 14 15 Administrative Segregation. Administrative segregation does not violate the 16 | Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. See 17 | Anderson v. County of Kern, 45 F.3d 1310, 1315-16 (9th Cir. 1995); France v. 18 || Allman, No. 15-cv-04078-JSC, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 178843, at *9, 2016 WL 19 || 7439577, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 17, 2016) (“Plaintiff's administrative segregation . . 20 || . does not violate the Eighth Amendment because placement in administrative 21 || segregation, even for an indeterminate term, does not constitute cruel and unusual 22 || punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment.”). The Ninth Circuit has held 23 || that “administrative segregation, even in a single cell for twenty-three hours a day, 24 || is within the terms of confinement ordinarily contemplated by a sentence.” 25 || Anderson, 45 F.3d at 1316. “[P]rison officials have a legitimate penological 26 || interest in administrative segregation, and they must be given ‘wide-ranging 27 || deference in the adoption and execution of policies and practices that in their 28 || judgment are needed to preserve internal order and discipline and to maintain 10

| || institutional security.’” Anderson, 45 F.3d at 1316 (quoting Bell v. Wolfish, 441 2 || U.S. 520 (1979)). As such, Plaintiffs placement in administrative segregation for 3 || year and a half does not violate the Eighth Amendment. 5 Religion. The ability to practice religion is not one of the basic necessities 6 || protected by the Eighth Amendment. See Hoptowit, 682 F.2d at 1246 (“An 7 || institution’s obligation under the eighth amendment is at an end if it furnishes 8 || sentenced prisoners with adequate food, clothing, shelter, sanitation, medical care, 9 || and personal safety.”); Means v. Nev. Dep’t of Corrs., No. 3:10-cv-0076-LRH- 10 | RAM, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 112507, at *8, 2010 WL 3982035, at *3 (D. Nev. 11 || Oct. 7, 2010) (“The facts alleged by plaintiff do not state a claim under the Eighth 12 | Amendment. The denial of religious exercise does not present a ‘substantial risk o: 13 || serious harm’ and have nothing to do with a denial of food, shelter, medical care of 14 || other aspects of his physical existence in prison.”); Alexander v. Graham, No. 3:10 15 || cv-00429-RCJ-WGC, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 54111, at *24, 2014 WL 1576737, at 16 || *9 (D. Nev. Apr. 18, 2014) (A court has not “held that restrictions on access to .. . 17 || religious . . . programs violate the Eighth Amendment.”); Thus, Plaintiffs alleged 18 || inability to practice his religion while in administrative housing does not satisfy the 19 || Eighth Amendment’s objective prong. 20 21 Classes. “Idleness and the lack of programs are not Eighth Amendment 22 || violations,” and “simply do[] not amount to the infliction of pain.” Hoptowit, 682 23 || F.2d at 1254-55. “There is no constitutional right to rehabilitation.” Id. See also 24 || Toussaint v. McCarthy, 801 F.2d 1080, 801 F.2d at 1106-08 (9th Cir. 1986) 25 || (holding that the lack of work, educational, and vocational program opportunities ir 26 |} administrative segregation does not violate the Constitution). Thus, Plaintiff s 27 |) inability to attend classes while in administrative segregation does not violate the 28 || Eighth Amendment. 11

1 Showers. The Eighth Amendment requires prison officials to provide 2 || inmates adequate “sanitation,” Hearns v. Terhune, 413 F.3d 1036, 1042 (9th Cir. 3 || 2005), which includes the right to shower, see, e.g., Toussaint, 801 F.2d at 1110— 4 | 11. “But a prison that limits the number of showers an inmate can take does not 5 |} necessarily violate an inmate’s Eighth Amendment rights unless the number of 6 || showers is so limited as to deny the inmate his right to basic sanitation.” Baptisto 1 7 || Ryan, No. CV 03-1393-PHX-SRB, 2005 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 22295, at *43, 2005 WI 8 | 2416356, at *13 (D. Ariz. Sept. 30, 2005). Plaintiff's allegation that he is only 9 || permitted three showers per week does not rise to the level of a constitutional 10 || violation. See, e.g., Toussaint v. McCarthy, 597 F. Supp. 1388, 1411 (N.D. Cal. 11 | 1984) (‘The Court concludes that minimum standards of decency require that 12 | lockup inmates without hot running water in their cells be accorded showers three 13 || times per week in facilities reasonably free of standing water, fungus, mold and 14 || mildew.”); Parks v. Brooks, No. 3:06-cv-00095-LRH (VPC), 2007 U.S. Dist. 15 | LEXIS 103803, at *28 (D. Nev. Aug. 7, 2007) (“Two showers per week rather than 16 || three is not an ‘objectively, sufficiently serious’ deprivation. The Constitution 17 || requires only ‘adequate’ hygiene.”), rev'd on other grounds, 302 Fed. Appx. 611 18 |} (9th Cir. 2008). 19 20 Telephone Calls. Denial of access to the telephone does not give rise to an 21 || Eighth Amendment claim. Williams v. ICC Comm., 812 F. Supp. 1029, 1034 (N.D. 22 || Cal. 1992) (“This court is aware of no authority to support a claim of constitutional 23 || violation due to the deprivation of telephone access for convicted prisoners.”’); 24 || Toussaint, 597 F. Supp. at 1413 (“Plaintiffs cite to no authority for the assertion thar 25 || the complete denial to inmate of access to telephone violates contemporary 26 || standards of decency inherent in the eighth amendment.”). As such, Plaintiff's lack 27 || of telephone calls does not satisfy the Eighth Amendment’s objective prong. 28 Wf /// 12

1 Exercise. “[E]xercise has been determined to be one of the basic human 2 || necessities protected by the Eighth Amendment.” Hearns, 413 F.3d at 1042 3 || (quoting LeMaire v. Maass, 12 F.3d 1444, 1457 (9th Cir. 1993)). “[L]jong-term 4 || denial of outdoor exercise is unconstitutional.” LeMaire, 12 F.3d at 145 8; see, e.g. 5 || Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1132-33 (9th Cir. 2000) (holding that deprivation □ 6 || outdoor exercise for six and a half weeks meets the objective requirement of the 7 || Eighth Amendment). This protection applies to “inmates confined to continuous 8 | and long-term segregation.” Keenan v. Hall, 83 F.3d 1083, 1089-90 (9th Cir. 9 | 1996). Here, Plaintiff alleges that he has been in SHU for 365 days and is confinec 10 || in his cell for twenty hours per day, with two hours of daily exercise in a separate, 11 || slightly larger cell. (Compl. 4.) Allowing inmates to exercise indoors does not 12 || meet the obligation to provide inmates outdoor exercise. See Keenan, 83 F.3d at 13 || 1089-90 (allowing plaintiff to proceed to trial on Eighth Amendment claim where 14 || defendants restricted his exercise to indoor rooms). The allegations of deprivation 15 || of outdoor exercise for 365 days meets the objective prong of the Eighth 16 || Amendment. 17 18 b. Subjective Prong. 19 Nonetheless, the Complaint does not satisfy the subjective prong. There are 20 || no allegations from which it reasonably could be inferred that any Defendant acted 21 || with deliberate indifference to Plaintiffs health or safety. The only specific 22 || allegations in the Complaint regarding the Defendants are that: Defendant Marshal 23 || placed Plaintiff into ad-seg (Compl. 5); Defendant Lieger issued a second ad-seg 24 | notice to Plaintiff (id. at 7); Defendant Aguirre served as the senior hearing officer 25 || on Plaintiff's investigative employee report, denied all of Plaintiff's questions, and 26 || denied Plaintiff's due process rights to fully cross-examine the victim and others 27 || involved in the matter (id. at 3.); and Defendant Godfrey denied Plaintiff's first- 28 || level appeal (id. at 9). It cannot reasonably be inferred from these allegations that 13

1 || any Defendant knew of, and disregarded, an excessive risk to Plaintiffs health or 2 || safety as a result of his prolonged lack of outdoor exercise. See Farmer, 511 U.S. 3 || at 837. 5 For these reasons, Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment cruel and unusual 6 | punishment claim fails. If Plaintiff files an amended complaint with an Eighth 7 | Amendment claim for cruel and unusual punishment, he must correct these 8 || deficiencies or risk dismissal of this claim. 10 2. The Complaint Does Not State a Sixth Amendment 1] Confrontation Clause Claim. 12 Plaintiff asserts that his Sixth Amendment right to face his accuser was 13 | violated. (Compl. 6.) Specifically, Plaintiff contends that Defendant Aguirre denie 14 | all of Plaintiffs questions—which would have exonerated Plaintiff completely—ar 15 || deemed them irrelevant, and denied Plaintiff the right to cross-examine the victim 16 || and all others involved in the incident. (/d. at 3.) 17 The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides that □□□□□ a 18 || criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right . . . to be confronted by the 19 || witnesses against him.” U.S. Const. amend. XVI. However, “the Confrontation 20 || Clause [of the Sixth Amendment] does not come into play until the initiation of 21 || criminal proceedings.” SEC v. Jerry T. O’Brien, Inc., 467 U.S. 735, 742 (1984). 22 || “Prison disciplinary proceedings are not a part of a criminal prosecution, and the fu. 23 || panoply of rights due a defendant in such proceedings do not apply.” Wolff v. 24 || McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 556 (1974); see also Baxter v. Palmigiano, 425 U.S. 308 25 || 316 (1976) (“Prison disciplinary hearings are not criminal proceedings.”). As such, 26 || Plaintiff did not have a Sixth Amendment right to confront and cross-examine 27 || witnesses at his prison disciplinary hearing. See McDonald v. Holland, No. ED CV 28 || 14-2499-JAK (E), 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 85156, at *14-15 (C.D. Cal. May 15, 14

1 | 2015) (“To the extent Petitioner asserts a Confrontation Clause claim, Petitioner’s 2 || claim fails because the Constitution does not grant a prisoner any right to confront 3 || witnesses at a prison disciplinary hearing.”). 4 For these reasons, Plaintiff’s Sixth Amendment claim fails. If Plaintiff files 5 || an amended complaint with a Sixth Amendment claim, such a claim will be subjec 6 || to dismissal. 8 3. The Complaint Does Not State a Fourteenth Amendment 9 Procedural Due Process Claim. 10 The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States 11 | Constitution prohibits the government from depriving “any person of life, liberty, c 12 || property without due process of law.” U.S. Const. amend. XIV § 1. To plead a I3 || procedural due process violation, a plaintiff must allege two elements: (1) the 14 | plaintiff has a “liberty or property interest which has been interfered with by the 15 || State”; and (2) the procedures employed to deprive the plaintiff of liberty or 16 || property were constitutionally insufficient. Ky. Dep’t. of Corr. v. Thompson, 490 17 | U.S. 454, 460 (1989). 18 19 a. Liberty Interest. 20 The Complaint sufficiently alleges a constitutionally-protected liberty interes 21 | Plaintiff's good time credits. Superintendent, Mass. Corr. Inst. v. Hill, 472 US. 22 |} 445, 453 (1985) (“[D]ue process requires procedural protections before a prison 23 || inmate can be deprived of a protected liberty interest in good time credits.”); see 24 || also Wallace v. Fox, No. CF 15-6305-PSG (SP), 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 151599, at 25 |) *9 (C.D. Cal. July 31, 2017) (recognizing California good time credits as a protecte 26 || liberty interest under the Fourteenth Amendment). Thus, whether Plaintiff has 27 || alleged a cognizable Fourteenth Amendment claim turns on whether the procedures 28 || that deprived him of his time good-time credits were constitutionally deficient. 15

1 b. Procedural Protections. 2 In Wolffv. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539 (1974), the Supreme Court set forth the 3 || required due process protections for inmate disciplinary proceedings. However, a 4 || lesser quantum of due process than Wolff required when a prisoner is placed into 5 || administrative segregation. See Hewitt v. Helms, 459 U.S. 460, 476 (1983). 6 [W]hen prison officials initially determine whether a prisoner is to be 7 segregated for administrative reasons due process only requires the 8 following procedures: Prison officials must hold an informal 9 nonadversary hearing within a reasonable time after the prisoner is 10 segregated. The prison officials must inform the prisoner of the 1] charges against the prisoner or their reasons for considering 12 segregation. Prison officials must allow the prisoner to present his 13 views. 14 We specifically find that the due process clause does not require 15 detailed written notice of charges, representation by counsel or 16 counsel-substitute, an opportunity to present witnesses, or a written 17 decision describing the reasons for placing the prisoner in 18 administrative segregation. We also find that due process does not 19 require disclosure of the identity of any person providing information 20 leading to the placement of a prisoner in administrative segregation. 21 |) Toussaint, 801 F.2d at 1100-01 (citations omitted), abrogated in part on other 22 || grounds, Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472 (1995). 23 Here, Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Aguirre was the improper senior hearin 24 || officer because he was not a lieutenant or higher, Defendant Aguirre improperly 25 || struck some of Plaintiffs questions, and Plaintiff was denied his due process rights 26 || to fully cross-examine the victim and others involved in the matter. (Compl. 3.) 27 || These allegations do not assert violation of the procedural due process protections 28 || required for administrative segregation. See Toussaint, 801 F.2d at 1100-01. No 16

1 || allegations suggest that Plaintiff was denied an informal non-adversary hearing 2 || within a reasonable time after he was segregated, denied notice of the charges 3 || against him, or denied the opportunity to present his views. See id. at 1100. 4 Plaintiff also alleges that the charges against him were false, there was no 5 || evidence of his personal involvement in the incident, and a confidential informant 6 | provided misinformation. (Compl. 5.) Even accepting these allegations as true, th 7 || Constitution does not protect Plaintiff from false accusations. Buckley v. Gomez, 3 8 || F. Supp. 2d 1216, 1222 (S.D. Cal. 1997) (“Even accepting as true Plaintiffs 9 || allegation that the report was falsified, courts have held that a prisoner does not hav 10 || a constitutional right to be free from wrongfully issued disciplinary reports.”), aff’c 11 || without opinion, 168 F.3d 498 (9th Cir. 1999); Freeman v. Rideout, 808 F.2d 949, 12 || 951 (2d Cir. 1986) (“The prison inmate has no constitutionally guaranteed immunit 13 || from being falsely or wrongly accused of conduct which may result in the 14 || deprivation of a protected liberty interest”). Due process claims based on 15 || administrative segregation are subject to the “some evidence” standard of 16 || Superintendent, Massachusetts Correctional Institution v. Hill, 472 U.S. 445, 455 17 |) (1985). Bruce v. Yist, 351 F.3d 1283, 1287 (9th Cir. 2003). “Under Hill, [courts] ¢ 18 || not examine the entire record, independently assess witness credibility, or reweigh 19 |) the evidence; rather, ‘the relevant question is whether there is any evidence in the 20 || record that could support the conclusion.” Jd. (quoting Hill, 472 U.S. at 455-56). 21 || No allegations suggest that Plaintiff's administrative segregation failed to meet the 22 || “minimally stringent” “some evidence” standard. Cato y. Rushen, 824 F.2d 703, 23 || 705 (9th Cir. 1987). Rather, the Complaint alleges that the decision was based on 24 || “false” charges and “misinformation” given by a confidential informant. (Compl. 25 || 5.) Even assuming the truth of these allegations, as the Court must at this time, the 26 || Court cannot reassess a confidential informant’s credibility or reweigh evidence in 27 || applying the “some evidence” standard. See Bruce, 351 at 1287. The Complaint 28 || does not contain sufficient allegations to lead to the reasonable inference that the 17

I || decision to place Plaintiff in administrative segregation was not supported by “som 2 || evidence. 3 To the extent that Plaintiff asserts a due process claim due to Defendant 4 | Godfrey’s denial of Plaintiff's first-level appeal (Compl. 9), such a claim also wou 5 || fail. Defendant Godfrey’s alleged failure to process Plaintiffs grievances properly 6 || without more, is not enough to establish a violation of Plaintiff's constitutional 7 || rights. See Peralta v. Dillard, 744 F.3d 1076, 1087 (9th Cir. 2014). Inmates are ni 8 | entitled to a specific grievance procedure. Ramirez v. Galaza, 334 F.3d 850, 860 9 || (9th Cir. 2003); Mann v. Adams, 855 F.2d 639, 640 (9th Cir. 1988); see also 10 || Gonzales v. Woodford, No. C 04-5447 SI (pr), 2005 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6621, at □□□ 11 || (N.D. Cal. Apr. 12, 2005) (“Because [plaintiff] had no federal constitutional right t 12 || a properly functioning appeal system, an incorrect decision on an administrative 13 | appeal, a failure to process an appeal in a particular way, or any other structural 14 || problem in the appeals system did not amount to a violation of his right to due 15 || process.”). 16 For these reasons, the Complaint fails to state a Fourteenth Amendment 17 || procedural due process claim. If Plaintiff asserts violations of his procedural due 18 | process rights in any amended complaint, he must correct these deficiencies or risk 19 || dismissal of this claim. 20 21 4. The Complaint Does Not State a Fourteenth Amendment 22 Equal Protection Claim. 23 “The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment provides that 24 || “[nJo State shall... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection 25 || of the laws.’” Angelotti Chiropractic v. Baker, 791 F.3d 1075, 1085 (9th Cir. 2015) 26 || (quoting U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1) (alteration in original). “The Equal 27 || Protection Clause requires the State to treat all similarly situated people equally.” 28 || Hartmann v. Cal. Dep’t of Corr. & Rehab., 707 F.3d 1114, 1123 (9th Cir. 2013). 18

1 || “This does not mean, however, that all prisoners must receive identical treatment 2 || and resources.” Jd. A plaintiff can state an equal protection claim: (1) by alleging 3 || “facts plausibly showing that ‘the defendants acted with an intent or purpose to 4 || discriminate against [them] based upon membership in a protected class,” id. 5 || (quoting Thornton v. City of St. Helens, 425 F.3d 1158, 1166 (9th Cir. 2005) 6 || (alteration in original)); or (2) as a “class of one” by alleging that plaintiff has “bee 7 || intentionally treated differently from others similarly situated and that there is no 8 |] rational basis for the treatment,” Village of Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S. 562, 9 || 564 (2000). 10 Here, the Complaint does not allege facts to support the reasonable inference 11 | that Plaintiff is a member of a protected class and that Defendants intentionally 12 || treated Plaintiff differently from any other inmate because of his membership in 13 || that protected class. See Hartmann, 707 F.3d at 1123. Prisoners are not a suspect 14 | class for equal protection purposes, see Rodriguez v. Cook, 169 F.3d 1176, 1179 15 || (9th Cir. 1999), and the Complaint does not allege that Defendants treated Plaintiff 16 || differently due to a suspect distinction. See New Orleans v. Dukes, 427 U.S. 297, 17 || 303 (1975) (noting that “suspect distinctions such as race, religion, or alienage” are 18 || protected classes for equal protection purposes). The Complaint also does not 19 || include any allegations from which it could be inferred that any Defendant acted 20 || with an intent or purpose to discriminate against Plaintiff because of his 21 || membership in a protected class. See Serrano v. Francis, 345 F.3d 1071, 1082 (9th 22 || Cir. 2003) (“Intentional discrimination means that a defendant acted at least in part 23 || because ofa plaintiffs protected status.”) (quoting Maynard v. City of San Jose, 37 24 || F.3d 1396, 1404 (9th Cir. 1994)). F inally, the Complaint does not allege facts to 25 || support the conclusion that any Defendant intentionally treated Plaintiff differently 26 || from others similarly situated without any rational basis for the treatment. See 27 || Village of Willowbrook, 528 U.S. at 564. 28 | /// 19

1 For these reasons, the Complaint fails to state a Fourteenth Amendment equ 2 || protection claim. If Plaintiff asserts violations of his equal protection rights in any 3 || amended complaint, he must correct these deficiencies. 5 5. The Complaint Does Not State a First Amendment Free 6 Exercise Claim. 7 The First Amendment prohibits the government from making laws 8 || “prohibiting the free exercise” of religion. U.S. Const. amend. I; see also 9 || Hartmann, 707 F.3d at 1122 (noting that the free exercise guarantee is applicable t 10 || state action by incorporation through the Fourteenth Amendment). “The right to 11 | exercise religious practices and beliefs does not terminate at the prison door. The 12 || free exercise right, however, is necessarily limited by the fact of incarceration, and 13 || may be curtailed in order to achieve legitimate correctional goals or to maintain 14 || prison security.” McElyea v. Babbitt, 833 F.2d 196, 197 (9th Cir. 1987) (per 15 || curiam) (citations omitted). 16 A religious claim must satisfy two criteria to merit protection under the Free 17 || Exercise Clause of the First Amendment: (1) “the claimant’s proffered belief must 18 || be sincerely held; the First Amendment does not extend to so-called religions whicl 19 || ... are obviously shams and absurdities and whose members are patently devoid of 20 || religious sincerity”; and (2) “the claim must be rooted in religious belief, not in 21 || purely secular philosophical concerns.” Malik v. Brown, 16 F.3d 330, 333 (9th Cir. 22 || 1994) (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). In 23 || addition, “[a] person asserting a free exercise claim must show that the government 24 || action in question substantially burdens the person’s practice of her religion.” Jone: 25 || v. Williams, 791 F.3d 1023, 1031 (9th Cir. 2015). “A substantial burden... place[s 26 || more than an inconvenience on religious exercise; it must have a tendency to coerce 27 || individuals into acting contrary to their religious beliefs or exert substantial pressure 28 || on an adherent to modify his behavior and to violate his beliefs.” Jd. (alteration in 20

1 |) original) (quoting Ohno v. Yasuma, 723 F.3d 984, 1011 (9th Cir. 2013)). Finally, ‘ 2 || prisoner’s Free Exercise Clause claim will fail if the State shows that the challenge 3 || action is ‘reasonably related to legitimate penological interests.’” Walker v. Beard 4 || 789 F.3d 1125, 1138 (9th Cir. 2015) (quoting Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 89 5 || (1987)). Four factors are balanced in determining whether an action is reasonably 6 || related to legitimate penological interests: 7 (1) whether there is a valid, rational connection between a state 8 interest and the prison regulation; (2) whether prisoners have an 9 alternative method of engaging in religious practice; (3) the impact 10 accommodation of the asserted constitutional right would have on 11 guards and other inmates; and (4) the absence of ready alternatives to 12 the challenged regulation. 13 | Walker, 789 F.3d at 1138-39 (citing Turner, 482 U.S. at 89-90). 14 Here, the Complaint does not include sufficient allegations to state a First 15 || Amendment free exercise claim. Rather, the Complaint includes only a general 16 | allegation that Plaintiff's confinement in SHU has prevented him from practicing h 17 || religion. (Compl. 6.) There are insufficient allegations to determine whether 18 || Plaintiffs religious claims merit protection—that is, that Plaintiff's beliefs are 19 | “sincerely held” and “rooted in religious belief, not in purely secular philosophical 20 || concerns.” Malik, 16 F.3d at 333. The Complaint also fails to allege any specific 21 | religious conduct that was substantially burdened by any Defendant’s actions. See 22 || Am. Family Ass’n v. City & Cty. of SF., 277 F.3d 11 14, 1124 (9th Cir. 2002) 23 | (concluding that a complaint that fails to allege “any specific religious conduct that 24 || was affected by the Defendants’ actions” fails to state a free exercise claim). 25 For these reasons, the Complaint fails to state a First Amendment free 26 || exercise claim. If Plaintiff asserts violations of his free exercise rights in any 27 || amended complaint, he must correct these deficiencies. 28 | /// 21

1 6. The Complaint Does Not State a RLUIPA Claim. 2 “RLUIPA . . . protects institutionalized persons who are unable freely to 3 || attend to their religious needs and are therefore dependent on the government’s 4 || permission and accommodation for exercise of their religion.” Cutter v. Wilkinsor 5 | 544 U.S. 709, 721 (2005). RLUIPA provides that “[n]o government shall impose | 6 || substantial burden on the religious exercise of a person residing in or confined to a 7 || institution .. . even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability,” unles 8 || the government demonstrates the burden is “in furtherance of a compelling 9 || government interest” and “is the least restrictive means of furthering that compellit 10 || governmental interest.” 42 U.S.C. § 2000cc-1(a). RLUIPA provides more 11 || “expansive protection” for inmates’ “religious liberty” than the First Amendment. 12 || Holt v. Hobbs, 574 U.S. 352, 135 S. Ct. 853, 860 (2015); Shakur v. Schriro, 514 13 || F.3d 878, 888 (9th Cir. 2008) (RLUIPA “mandates a stricter standard of review for 14 || prison regulations that burden the free exercise of religion than the reasonableness 15 || standard under Turner.”). 16 “To state a claim under RLUIPA, a prisoner must show that: (1) he takes par 17 | in a religious exercise, and (2) the State’s actions have substantially burdened that 18 || exercise.” Walker, 789 F.3d at 1134 (internal quotations omitted). “RLUIPA 19 || protects any exercise of religion, whether or not compelled by, or central to, a 20 || system of religious belief, but, of course, a prisoner’s request for an accommodatiot 21 || must be sincerely based on a religious belief and not some other motivation.” Alt, 22 || 135 S. Ct. at 862 (internal quotations and citations omitted). “To constitute a 23 || substantial burden, a limitation of religious practice ‘must impose a significantly 24 | great restriction or onus upon such exercise.’” Walker, 789 F.3d at 1135 (quoting 25 || San Jose Christian Coll. v. City of Morgan Hill, 360 F.3d 1024, 1034 (9th Cir. 26 || 2004). “A substantial burden need not actually force a litigant to change his 27 || practices; a violation may occur ‘where the state . . . denies [an important benefit] 28 || because of conduct mandated by religious belief, thereby putting substantial 22

1 || pressure on an adherent to modify his behavior and to violate his beliefs.’” Walke 2 || 789 F.3d at 1135 (alteration in original) (quoting Warsoldier v. Woodford, 418, F.. 3 || 989, 995 (9th Cir. 2005)). If the inmate satisfies his initial burden, then the State 4 || must “prove its actions were the least restrictive means of furthering a compelling 5 || governmental interest.” Walker, 789 F.3d at 1134. 6 The Complaint does not assert RLUIPA claims against Defendants because 7 || RLUIPA does not authorize suits against state officials in their individual capacitie 8 || See Wood v. Yordy, 753 F.3d 899, 904 (9th Cir. 2014); Jones, 791 F.3d at 1031 9 | (RLUIPA does not authorize suits for damages against state officials in their 10 || individual capacities because individual state officials are not recipients of federal 11 | funding and nothing in the statute Suggests any congressional intent to hold them 12 || individually liable.”). In addition, as stated above, the Complaint fails to allege an: 13 || specific religious conduct that was substantially burdened by any Defendant’s 14 || actions. 15 For these reasons, the Complaint fails to state a RLUIPA claim. If Plaintiff 16 || asserts violations of RLUIPA in any amended complaint, he must correct these 17 || deficiencies. 18 19 7. The Complaint Does Not State a Section 1983 Conspiracy 20 Claim. 21 A conspiracy claim involving Section 1983 requires allegations supporting 22 || “an agreement or ‘meeting of the minds’ to violate constitutional rights.” Franklin 23 || v. Fox, 312 F.3d 423, 441 (9th Cir. 2002) (quoting United Steelworkers of Am. v. 24 || Phelps Dodge Corp., 865 F.2d 1539, 1540-41 (9th Cir. 1989)). “To be liable, each 25 || participant in the conspiracy need not know the exact details of the plan, but each 26 || participant must at least share the common objective of the conspiracy.” Franklin, 27 || 312 F.3d at 441 (quoting United Steelworkers of Am., 865 F.2d at 1541). This 28 || agreement or meeting of the minds may be inferred on the basis of circumstantial 23

I || evidence, such as the actions of the defendants. Mendocino Envtl. Ctr. v. 2 || Mendocino County, 192 F.3d 1283, 1301 (9th Cir. 1999). A showing that 3 || defendants committed acts that “are unlikely to have been undertaken without an 4 || agreement” may support the inference of conspiracy. Id. (quoting Kunik v. Racine 5 || County, 946 F.2d 1574, 1580 (7th Cir. 1991)). Conclusory allegations of 6 || conspiracy to violate Constitutional rights are insufficient to state a Section 1983 7 | claim. See Burns v. County of King, 883 F.2d 819, 821 (9th Cir. 1989). In □□□□□□□□ 8 || a conspiracy to violate constitutional rights must be predicated on a viable 9 || underlying constitutional claim. See Thornton vy. City of St. Helens, 425 F.3d 1158, 10 | 1168 (9th Cir. 2005). A conspiracy claim requires “an actual deprivation of 11 || constitutional rights.” Hart v. Parks, 450 F.3d 1059, 1071 (9th Cir. 2006). 12 The Complaint does not state a conspiracy claim for two reasons. First, the 13 || Complaint does not allege specific facts of an agreement or meeting of the minds tc 14 || violate Plaintiff’s constitutional rights. Without any supporting facts, the 15 || Complaint simply alleges that Defendants conspired with each other to fabricate 16 || documents and information relative to Plaintiff's July 11,2018 RVR. (Compl. 4.) 17 || “To state a claim for a conspiracy to violate one’s constitutional rights under 18 | section 1983, the plaintiff must state specific facts to support the existence of the 19 || claimed conspiracy.” Burns, 883 F.2d at 821. Second, as explained above, the 20 || Complaint does not adequately state any deprivation of constitutional rights. See 21 | Woodrum v. Woodward County, 866 F.2d 1121, 1126~27 (9th Cir. 1989) 22 || (explaining that Section 1983 applies only to conspiracy claims that result in a 23 || deprivation of constitutional rights). 24 For these reasons, Plaintiff's Section 1983 conspiracy claim fails. If Plaintiff 25 || alleges a conspiracy in any amended complaint, Plaintiff must correct these 26 || deficiencies. 27 | /// 28 |} /// 24

1] Vv. CONCLUSION 2 For the reasons stated above, the Court DISMISSES the Complaint WITH 3 || LEAVE TO AMEND. Plaintiff is ORDERED to, within thirty days after the dat 4 || of this Order, either: (1) file a First Amended Complaint (“FAC”), or (2) advise th 5 || Court that Plaintiff does not intend to file a FAC. 6 The FAC must cure the pleading defects discussed above and shall be 7 | complete in itself without reference to the Complaint. See L.R. 15-2 (“Every 8 || amended pleading filed as a matter of right or allowed by order of the Court shall t 9 || complete including exhibits. The amended pleading shall not refer to the prior, 10 || superseding pleading.”). This means that Plaintiff must allege and plead any viabl 11 | claims in the FAC again. Plaintiff shall not include new defendants or new 12 || allegations that are not reasonably related to the claims asserted in the Complaint. 13 In any amended complaint, Plaintiff should confine his allegations to those 14 || operative facts supporting each of his claims. Plaintiff is advised that pursuant to 15 | Rule 8, all that is required is a “short and plain statement of the claim showing that 16 | the pleader is entitled to relief.” Plaintiff strongly is encouraged to utilize the 17 || standard civil rights complaint form when filing any amended complaint, a 18 || copy of which is attached. In any amended complaint, Plaintiff should identify th 19 || nature of each separate legal claim and make clear what specific factual allegations 20 || support each of his separate claims. Plaintiff strongly is encouraged to keep his 21 || statements concise and to omit irrelevant details. It is not necessary for Plaintiff to 22 || cite case law, include legal argument, or attach exhibits at this stage of the 23 || litigation. Plaintiff also is advised to omit any claims for which he lacks a sufficien 24 || factual basis. 25 The Court explicitly cautions Plaintiff that failure to timely file a FAC, 26 || or timely advise the Court that Plaintiff does not intend to file a FAC, will 27 || result in a recommendation that this action be dismissed for failure to 28 | /// 25

1 || prosecute and/or failure to comply with court orders pursuant to Federal Rul 2 || of Civil Procedure 41(b). 3 If Plaintiff no longer wishes to pursue this action in its entirety or with 4 || respect to particular Defendants, he voluntarily may dismiss this action or particul: 5 || Defendants by filing a Notice of Dismissal in accordance with Federal Rule of Civ 6 || Procedure 41(a)(1). A form Notice of Dismissal is attached for Plaintiff's 7 || convenience. 8 Plaintiff is advised that this Court’s determination herein that the allegations 9 || in the Complaint are insufficient to state a particular claim should not be seen as 10 || dispositive of the claim. Accordingly, although the undersigned Magistrate Judge 11 || believes Plaintiff has failed to plead sufficient factual matter in the pleading, 12 || accepted as true, to state a claim for relief that is plausible on its face, Plaintiff is 13 ] not required to omit any claim or Defendant in order to pursue this action. 14 || However, if Plaintiff decides to pursue a claim in an amended complaint that the 15 || undersigned previously found to be insufficient, then pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636, 16 || the undersigned ultimately may submit to the assigned District Judge a 17 || recommendation that such claim may be dismissed with prejudice for failure to 18 || state a claim, subject to Plaintiff's right at that time to file objections. See Fed. R. 19 || Civ. P. 72(b); C.D. Cal. L.R. 72-3. 20 21 IT IS SO ORDERED. a2 23 / 24 || DATED: October , 2019 25 A. AUDERO = UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 27 28 26