[Cite as Toledo v. Sklarov, 2017-Ohio-137.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
City of Toledo Court of Appeals Nos. L-15-1303 L-15-1304 Appellee Trial Court Nos. CRB-14-20349 v. CRB-14-20350
Sharon Sklarov DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: January 13, 2017
*****
David Toska, City of Toledo Chief Prosecutor, Henry Schaefer and Joseph Howe, Assistant Prosecutors, for appellee.
Jerome Phillips and Eric Allen Marks, for appellant.
PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Sharon Sklarov, appeals from the October 30, 2015 judgment of
the Toledo Municipal Court convicting her of three violations of Toledo Municipal Code
1726.08, for failing or neglecting to obey or abide with an order to abate a public
nuisance. On this consolidated appeal, appellant asserts the following assignments of
error: First Assignment of Error: The lower court erred in denying
appellant’s motion to dismiss for violations of her right to speedy trial.
Second Assignment of Error: The lower court erred in finding that
appellant was an owner or operator under TMC Sec. 1726.01 and 1726.08.
Third Assignment of Error: The lower court erred in ordering
appellant to pay restitution in the amount of $111,229.95.
{¶ 2} The city of Toledo filed three criminal complaints against appellant on
December 30, 2014, for violating Toledo Municipal Code 1726.08(a). On the morning of
trial, appellant moved to dismiss the charges asserting the city had violated her speedy
trial rights. The trial court did not rule immediately on appellant’s motion to dismiss.
Instead, the court proceeded with a full bench trial. Appellant was found guilty of the
charges, fined and ordered to reimburse the city for costs incurred in maintaining the
property.
{¶ 3} At the close of trial, the court denied appellant’s motion to dismiss finding
appellant was charged with a third-degree misdemeanor and, therefore, the city had 45
days to bring appellant to trial under the statute, R.C. 2945.71(B)(1), and trial was held
on the 37th day. Appellant filed a motion for a new trial on October 29, 2015, again
asserting that she was not brought to trial within the 30 days required by law. The trial
court denied the motion on November 3, 2015. A notice of appeal was filed on
November 23, 2015.
{¶ 4} In her first assignment of error, appellant argues the trial court erred in
denying her motion to dismiss based on a violation of her speedy trial rights. Appellant’s
2. argument is divided into two parts. First, she argues the trial court erred by finding that
she was charged with a third-degree misdemeanor. Second, she argues she was not
brought to trial within the speedy trial time permitted by R.C. 2945.71(B)(1) and
2945.72. We address only appellant’s second argument because it is dispositive of this
appeal.
{¶ 5} We review the trial court’s decision denying a motion to dismiss, based on
an alleged violation of the speedy trial statutes, as a mixed question of law and fact. State
v. Lapoint, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-14-1140, 2015-Ohio-1990, ¶ 12. Therefore, we give
deference to the trial court’s findings of fact, but review the application of the law to
those facts de novo. Id.
{¶ 6} The fundamental right to speedy trial guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment to
the United States Constitution and Ohio Constitution, Article I, Section 10, is
implemented through the speedy trial statutes, R.C. 2945.71, et seq. State v. Pachay, 64
Ohio St.2d 218, 416 N.E.2d 589 (1980), syllabus. R.C. 2945.71(B)(1) requires that a
person accused of a third-degree minor misdemeanor must be brought to trial within 45
days after arrest or service of summons. We do not reach appellant’s argument of
whether the charge in this case was a minor misdemeanor, for which there is a 30-day
speedy trial requirement, because her trial did not occur even within the greater 45-day
time limit required for a third-degree misdemeanor.
{¶ 7} The court and the prosecution have a mandatory duty to comply with the
speedy trial statutes, R.C. 2945.71 through 2945.73. State v. Reeser, 63 Ohio St.2d 189,
191, 407 N.E.2d 25 (1980); State v. Pudlock, 44 Ohio St.2d 104, 105-106, 338 N.E.2d
3. 524 (1975). The trial court must record the necessity and reasons for any continuance
made prior to the expiration of the speedy trial time limit if the time is to be chargeable
against the defendant pursuant to R.C. 2945.72(H). State v. Myers, 97 Ohio St.3d 335,
2002-Ohio-6658, 780 N.E.2d 186, ¶ 62; State v. Mincy, 2 Ohio St.3d 6, 8, 441 N.E.2d
571 (1982); State v. Lee, 48 Ohio St.2d 208, 357 N.E.2d 1095 (1976), syllabus.
Extensions of time permitted by R.C. 2945.72 are strictly construed against the state.
State v. Hughes, 86 Ohio St.3d 424, 427, 715 N.E.2d 540 (1999). Once an accused has
presented a prima facie case that the speedy trial time period was exceeded, the burden of
production shifts to the prosecution to demonstrate any extension of the time limit. State
v. Butcher, 27 Ohio St.3d 28, 30-31, 500 N.E.2d 1368 (1986).
{¶ 8} In this case, appellant moved the morning of trial, October 22, 2015, for
dismissal of the charges on speedy trial grounds asserting that “296” days had elapsed
since her speedy trial time had commenced. Despite the fact that the burden of
production shifted to the city to demonstrate that appellant’s speedy trial rights were not
violated, the city produced no evidence to explain that the alleged 296-day delay was
necessary and reasonable.
{¶ 9} One time gap in this case, from September 3, 2015, until the day of trial,
October 22, 2015, is dispositive of the speedy trial issue. At a hearing on September 3,
2015, the parties stipulated to the issues to be heard but debated whether a jury trial was
necessary. The trial court agreed with the city that no jury was required, but scheduled a
jury pre-trial for September 28, 2015, and a jury trial for October 8, 2015 to protect
appellant’s rights. On September 16, 2016, the jury pre-trial was continued to
4. October 15, 2015, and the jury trial to October 22, 2015, without any indication on the
record as to the reason for the continuance. Although the trial court indicated in its final
judgment that the scheduling of the trial for October 22, 2015, was due to continuances
requested by appellant and/or motions filed by appellant, the record does not support that
finding. The city concedes, this time period of 49 days must be construed in appellant’s
favor and charged against the city. This gap alone is clearly beyond the 45 days required
by R.C. 2945.71(B)(1).
{¶ 10} The city instead argues that appellant acquiesced in the trial court’s
calculation of 37 days and, therefore, waived any right to challenge the trial court’s
calculation of the speedy trial days.
{¶ 11} When the motion to dismiss on speedy trial time was discussed at the start
of trial, appellant did argue the basis for the motion was “prompted by the discovery of
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[Cite as Toledo v. Sklarov, 2017-Ohio-137.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
City of Toledo Court of Appeals Nos. L-15-1303 L-15-1304 Appellee Trial Court Nos. CRB-14-20349 v. CRB-14-20350
Sharon Sklarov DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: January 13, 2017
*****
David Toska, City of Toledo Chief Prosecutor, Henry Schaefer and Joseph Howe, Assistant Prosecutors, for appellee.
Jerome Phillips and Eric Allen Marks, for appellant.
PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Sharon Sklarov, appeals from the October 30, 2015 judgment of
the Toledo Municipal Court convicting her of three violations of Toledo Municipal Code
1726.08, for failing or neglecting to obey or abide with an order to abate a public
nuisance. On this consolidated appeal, appellant asserts the following assignments of
error: First Assignment of Error: The lower court erred in denying
appellant’s motion to dismiss for violations of her right to speedy trial.
Second Assignment of Error: The lower court erred in finding that
appellant was an owner or operator under TMC Sec. 1726.01 and 1726.08.
Third Assignment of Error: The lower court erred in ordering
appellant to pay restitution in the amount of $111,229.95.
{¶ 2} The city of Toledo filed three criminal complaints against appellant on
December 30, 2014, for violating Toledo Municipal Code 1726.08(a). On the morning of
trial, appellant moved to dismiss the charges asserting the city had violated her speedy
trial rights. The trial court did not rule immediately on appellant’s motion to dismiss.
Instead, the court proceeded with a full bench trial. Appellant was found guilty of the
charges, fined and ordered to reimburse the city for costs incurred in maintaining the
property.
{¶ 3} At the close of trial, the court denied appellant’s motion to dismiss finding
appellant was charged with a third-degree misdemeanor and, therefore, the city had 45
days to bring appellant to trial under the statute, R.C. 2945.71(B)(1), and trial was held
on the 37th day. Appellant filed a motion for a new trial on October 29, 2015, again
asserting that she was not brought to trial within the 30 days required by law. The trial
court denied the motion on November 3, 2015. A notice of appeal was filed on
November 23, 2015.
{¶ 4} In her first assignment of error, appellant argues the trial court erred in
denying her motion to dismiss based on a violation of her speedy trial rights. Appellant’s
2. argument is divided into two parts. First, she argues the trial court erred by finding that
she was charged with a third-degree misdemeanor. Second, she argues she was not
brought to trial within the speedy trial time permitted by R.C. 2945.71(B)(1) and
2945.72. We address only appellant’s second argument because it is dispositive of this
appeal.
{¶ 5} We review the trial court’s decision denying a motion to dismiss, based on
an alleged violation of the speedy trial statutes, as a mixed question of law and fact. State
v. Lapoint, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-14-1140, 2015-Ohio-1990, ¶ 12. Therefore, we give
deference to the trial court’s findings of fact, but review the application of the law to
those facts de novo. Id.
{¶ 6} The fundamental right to speedy trial guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment to
the United States Constitution and Ohio Constitution, Article I, Section 10, is
implemented through the speedy trial statutes, R.C. 2945.71, et seq. State v. Pachay, 64
Ohio St.2d 218, 416 N.E.2d 589 (1980), syllabus. R.C. 2945.71(B)(1) requires that a
person accused of a third-degree minor misdemeanor must be brought to trial within 45
days after arrest or service of summons. We do not reach appellant’s argument of
whether the charge in this case was a minor misdemeanor, for which there is a 30-day
speedy trial requirement, because her trial did not occur even within the greater 45-day
time limit required for a third-degree misdemeanor.
{¶ 7} The court and the prosecution have a mandatory duty to comply with the
speedy trial statutes, R.C. 2945.71 through 2945.73. State v. Reeser, 63 Ohio St.2d 189,
191, 407 N.E.2d 25 (1980); State v. Pudlock, 44 Ohio St.2d 104, 105-106, 338 N.E.2d
3. 524 (1975). The trial court must record the necessity and reasons for any continuance
made prior to the expiration of the speedy trial time limit if the time is to be chargeable
against the defendant pursuant to R.C. 2945.72(H). State v. Myers, 97 Ohio St.3d 335,
2002-Ohio-6658, 780 N.E.2d 186, ¶ 62; State v. Mincy, 2 Ohio St.3d 6, 8, 441 N.E.2d
571 (1982); State v. Lee, 48 Ohio St.2d 208, 357 N.E.2d 1095 (1976), syllabus.
Extensions of time permitted by R.C. 2945.72 are strictly construed against the state.
State v. Hughes, 86 Ohio St.3d 424, 427, 715 N.E.2d 540 (1999). Once an accused has
presented a prima facie case that the speedy trial time period was exceeded, the burden of
production shifts to the prosecution to demonstrate any extension of the time limit. State
v. Butcher, 27 Ohio St.3d 28, 30-31, 500 N.E.2d 1368 (1986).
{¶ 8} In this case, appellant moved the morning of trial, October 22, 2015, for
dismissal of the charges on speedy trial grounds asserting that “296” days had elapsed
since her speedy trial time had commenced. Despite the fact that the burden of
production shifted to the city to demonstrate that appellant’s speedy trial rights were not
violated, the city produced no evidence to explain that the alleged 296-day delay was
necessary and reasonable.
{¶ 9} One time gap in this case, from September 3, 2015, until the day of trial,
October 22, 2015, is dispositive of the speedy trial issue. At a hearing on September 3,
2015, the parties stipulated to the issues to be heard but debated whether a jury trial was
necessary. The trial court agreed with the city that no jury was required, but scheduled a
jury pre-trial for September 28, 2015, and a jury trial for October 8, 2015 to protect
appellant’s rights. On September 16, 2016, the jury pre-trial was continued to
4. October 15, 2015, and the jury trial to October 22, 2015, without any indication on the
record as to the reason for the continuance. Although the trial court indicated in its final
judgment that the scheduling of the trial for October 22, 2015, was due to continuances
requested by appellant and/or motions filed by appellant, the record does not support that
finding. The city concedes, this time period of 49 days must be construed in appellant’s
favor and charged against the city. This gap alone is clearly beyond the 45 days required
by R.C. 2945.71(B)(1).
{¶ 10} The city instead argues that appellant acquiesced in the trial court’s
calculation of 37 days and, therefore, waived any right to challenge the trial court’s
calculation of the speedy trial days.
{¶ 11} When the motion to dismiss on speedy trial time was discussed at the start
of trial, appellant did argue the basis for the motion was “prompted by the discovery of
counsel that * * * these charges are actually minor misdemeanors as opposed to
misdemeanors of the third degree.” However, appellant also argued the only delays
caused by her were due to two continuances she requested and a motion to recuse the
judge. Nonetheless, appellant argued: “I have still calculated that there are
approximately, I believe 199 days chargeable to the state. * * * I would submit that a
reasonable review of the journal in this case would establish that more than 30, in fact
probably more than 45 days, for a third degree will have elapsed without the defendant
being brought to trial.”
{¶ 12} After trial, the judge indicated that he calculated the time as 37 days
chargeable to the city. Appellant’s response focused on the argument that the court’s
5. calculations clearly indicated that appellant’s speedy trial rights had been violated
because her trial was required to be held within 30 days, as required for minor
misdemeanors. The remainder of the discussion focused on whether the charge was a
minor misdemeanor or a third-degree misdemeanor. No further discussion was held
regarding the calculation of the speedy trial time.
{¶ 13} We find appellant properly raised the issue of speedy trial rights in her
motion to dismiss, pursuant to R.C. 2945.73(B), when she argued “296” days had
elapsed, and again in her initial argument to the court that “199” days were chargeable to
the city. Although appellant focused on the classification of the charge during oral
arguments, she did not waive her other argument that the actual number of speedy trial
days had exceeded even 45 days. Compare State v. McClain, 2015-Ohio-3690, 41
N.E.3d 871, ¶ 24 (2d Dist.); State v. Turner, 168 Ohio App.3d 176, 2006-Ohio-3786, 858
N.E.2d 1249, ¶ 21-22 (5th Dist.).
{¶ 14} At the time of trial, the city had the burden to produce evidence of
continuances attributable to appellant and did not meet that burden. The lack of evidence
was not due to any fault of appellant. There is no evidence in the record to support a
finding that the delay of trial from September 3, 2015, until October 22, 2015, could be
attributed to appellant. Therefore, we find the trial court erred in denying appellant’s
motion to dismiss. Appellant’s first assignment of error is found well-taken.
Consequently, the remainder of appellant’s assignments of error are rendered moot.
6. {¶ 15} Having found the trial court did commit error prejudicial to appellant and
that substantial justice has not been done, the judgment of the Toledo Municipal Court is
reversed and her conviction is vacated for violation of appellant’s speedy trial rights.
Appellee is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment reversed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Thomas J. Osowik, J. _______________________________ Stephen A. Yarbrough, J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
7.