[Cite as Toledo v. Cox, 2018-Ohio-3821.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio/City of Toledo Court of Appeals No. L-18-1014
Appellee Trial Court No. CRB-17-05570
v.
Bernard Rashad Cox DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: September 21, 2018
*****
David Toska, City of Toledo Chief Prosecutor, and Henry Schaefer, Assistant Prosecutor, for appellee.
Melissa L. Dybala, for appellant.
OSOWIK, J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a November 30, 2017 judgment of the Toledo
Municipal Court, Lucas County, Ohio, finding appellant guilty following a bench trial on
one charge of assault, in violation of R.C. 2903.13, a misdemeanor of the first degree,
one count of resisting arrest, in violation of R.C. 2921.33, a misdemeanor of the first degree, and one count of obstruction, in violation of R.C. 2921.31, a misdemeanor of the
first degree. For the reasons set forth below, this court affirms the judgment of the trial
court.
{¶ 2} Appellant, Bernard Rashad Cox, sets forth the following assignment of
error:
I: THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED APPELLANT’S
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS BY [NOT]
CONDUCTING A TRIAL BY AN IMPARTIAL FINDER OF FACT.
{¶ 3} The following undisputed facts are relevant to this appeal. On May 7, 2017,
in the middle of the night, appellant went to a Point Place Barney’s Convenience Mart to
purchase lottery tickets and alcohol.
{¶ 4} While sitting in his vehicle examining his scratch off lottery tickets,
appellant conceded to playing his car stereo music at an extremely loud volume contrary
to an applicable noise ordinance.
{¶ 5} A local police officer in uniform and in his personal vehicle was driving
home for the night after completing his shift and pulled into the same Barney’s
Convenience Mart parking lot. The officer parked his vehicle in order to go into the store
and make a purchase.
{¶ 6} Upon exiting his vehicle and hearing the loud music blaring from appellant’s
vehicle, the officer stopped and gave appellant a non-verbal, disapproving look in the
2. hope that appellant would adjust his stereo volume to an appropriate noise level.
Appellant immediately became agitated at the officer.
{¶ 7} Appellant mistakenly believed both that noise ordinances do not apply to
private property and that the officer, “[D]idn’t have [the] right,” to address the loud music
being played by appellant.
{¶ 8} Instead of adjusting the car stereo volume downwards to a lawful level,
appellant turned his music up even louder, directed a smile or smirk at the officer, and
backed up his vehicle striking the officer’s parked vehicle.
{¶ 9} These events, including appellant’s loud music and incident with the
officer’s vehicle, was witnessed and collaborated by a staff member on duty at Barney’s
Convenience Mart at the time of these events. The witness was positioned with a full
view of the location and was standing outside in close proximity to the incident as it
occurred.
{¶ 10} The record reflects that appellant was uncooperative and adversarial
throughout the incident. Following the accident, appellant told the officer that the officer
had no right to do anything because the officer was, “not on duty,” refused to exchange
information with the officer, and attempted to leave the scene.
{¶ 11} Appellant further told the officer that he was not going to stop him from
leaving and also felt compelled to convey to the officer that he possessed a concealed
weapon permit. Faced with these facts and circumstances, the officer called for backup
to be dispatched to the scene.
3. {¶ 12} The officer placed himself in between appellant and appellant’s vehicle in
an effort to prevent appellant from fleeing. In response, appellant threatened to assault
the officer and assumed a boxer’s stance. At this juncture, appellant pushed the officer.
Shortly thereafter, additional officers arrived on the scene and appellant was placed under
arrest.
{¶ 13} On November 30, 2017, the case proceeded to a bench trial. At the outset,
it was conveyed to the court that appellee had offered to amend one of the three charges
to a lesser offense, dismiss the remaining two charges, and request no jail time in order to
resolve the matter via a negotiated plea agreement. Appellant rejected the proposal.
{¶ 14} The record reflects that both the trial court and defense counsel went into
extensive discourse on the record with appellant to ensure that he understood the
advantageous components of the plea proposal and understood the countervailing risks
associated with proceeding on all counts to trial.
{¶ 15} Appellant was further reminded that he was already on active probation for
prior criminal offenses and of the issues arising from proceeding to trial. Appellant
repeatedly and unequivocally asserted his understanding and his fervent wish to proceed
to trial.
{¶ 16} Appellee first called the employee on duty at Barney’s Convenience Mart
to testify. This witness testified that she was familiar with the officer whose vehicle was
struck by appellant. She testified that this officer would routinely stop by the store on his
way home from work. The witness further testified that she heard appellant’s car stereo
4. blaring loudly just prior to appellant backing his vehicle up and striking the bumper of
the officer’s vehicle.
{¶ 17} The witness proceeded to testify that appellant denied striking the truck and
became belligerent with the officer. She testified that she observed appellant refuse to
cooperate, attempt to leave the scene, and physically push and strike the officer. On
cross-examination, the witness elaborated that she had stepped out of the store and was
standing outside directly observing and hearing these events in close proximity as they
{¶ 18} The officer who had the encounter with appellant next testified to the trial
court. The officer testified that he had stopped at the store to check on things and to
purchase an item, as was his customary routine. The officer immediately noticed
appellant’s loud music blaring from his car stereo and gave a look at appellant in the
hopes that the music volume would be properly adjusted downwards. On the contrary,
appellant turned the music up even louder, directed a smile or smirk at the officer, and
backed up striking the officer’s vehicle.
{¶ 19} The officer testified that appellant next conveyed that he was going to leave
the scene. The officer replied that he could not leave yet as the impact may have
damaged the sensors on the officer’s vehicle. Appellant proceeded to tell the officer that
he was leaving the scene, that the officer had no right to stop him, and that it was none of
the officer’s business whether appellant was in possession of a weapon. The officer
called for back-up.
5. {¶ 20} While awaiting arrival of the additional officers, appellant told the officer
that he was going to assault him and assumed a boxer’s stance. Appellant shoved and
struck the officer in the chest. Appellant was placed under arrest.
{¶ 21} Appellant next elected to testify to the trial court on his own behalf.
Appellant testified that he had stopped at the Barney’s Convenience Mart to purchase
lottery tickets and an alcoholic beverage. Appellant conceded that he was sitting in his
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[Cite as Toledo v. Cox, 2018-Ohio-3821.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio/City of Toledo Court of Appeals No. L-18-1014
Appellee Trial Court No. CRB-17-05570
v.
Bernard Rashad Cox DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: September 21, 2018
*****
David Toska, City of Toledo Chief Prosecutor, and Henry Schaefer, Assistant Prosecutor, for appellee.
Melissa L. Dybala, for appellant.
OSOWIK, J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a November 30, 2017 judgment of the Toledo
Municipal Court, Lucas County, Ohio, finding appellant guilty following a bench trial on
one charge of assault, in violation of R.C. 2903.13, a misdemeanor of the first degree,
one count of resisting arrest, in violation of R.C. 2921.33, a misdemeanor of the first degree, and one count of obstruction, in violation of R.C. 2921.31, a misdemeanor of the
first degree. For the reasons set forth below, this court affirms the judgment of the trial
court.
{¶ 2} Appellant, Bernard Rashad Cox, sets forth the following assignment of
error:
I: THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED APPELLANT’S
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS BY [NOT]
CONDUCTING A TRIAL BY AN IMPARTIAL FINDER OF FACT.
{¶ 3} The following undisputed facts are relevant to this appeal. On May 7, 2017,
in the middle of the night, appellant went to a Point Place Barney’s Convenience Mart to
purchase lottery tickets and alcohol.
{¶ 4} While sitting in his vehicle examining his scratch off lottery tickets,
appellant conceded to playing his car stereo music at an extremely loud volume contrary
to an applicable noise ordinance.
{¶ 5} A local police officer in uniform and in his personal vehicle was driving
home for the night after completing his shift and pulled into the same Barney’s
Convenience Mart parking lot. The officer parked his vehicle in order to go into the store
and make a purchase.
{¶ 6} Upon exiting his vehicle and hearing the loud music blaring from appellant’s
vehicle, the officer stopped and gave appellant a non-verbal, disapproving look in the
2. hope that appellant would adjust his stereo volume to an appropriate noise level.
Appellant immediately became agitated at the officer.
{¶ 7} Appellant mistakenly believed both that noise ordinances do not apply to
private property and that the officer, “[D]idn’t have [the] right,” to address the loud music
being played by appellant.
{¶ 8} Instead of adjusting the car stereo volume downwards to a lawful level,
appellant turned his music up even louder, directed a smile or smirk at the officer, and
backed up his vehicle striking the officer’s parked vehicle.
{¶ 9} These events, including appellant’s loud music and incident with the
officer’s vehicle, was witnessed and collaborated by a staff member on duty at Barney’s
Convenience Mart at the time of these events. The witness was positioned with a full
view of the location and was standing outside in close proximity to the incident as it
occurred.
{¶ 10} The record reflects that appellant was uncooperative and adversarial
throughout the incident. Following the accident, appellant told the officer that the officer
had no right to do anything because the officer was, “not on duty,” refused to exchange
information with the officer, and attempted to leave the scene.
{¶ 11} Appellant further told the officer that he was not going to stop him from
leaving and also felt compelled to convey to the officer that he possessed a concealed
weapon permit. Faced with these facts and circumstances, the officer called for backup
to be dispatched to the scene.
3. {¶ 12} The officer placed himself in between appellant and appellant’s vehicle in
an effort to prevent appellant from fleeing. In response, appellant threatened to assault
the officer and assumed a boxer’s stance. At this juncture, appellant pushed the officer.
Shortly thereafter, additional officers arrived on the scene and appellant was placed under
arrest.
{¶ 13} On November 30, 2017, the case proceeded to a bench trial. At the outset,
it was conveyed to the court that appellee had offered to amend one of the three charges
to a lesser offense, dismiss the remaining two charges, and request no jail time in order to
resolve the matter via a negotiated plea agreement. Appellant rejected the proposal.
{¶ 14} The record reflects that both the trial court and defense counsel went into
extensive discourse on the record with appellant to ensure that he understood the
advantageous components of the plea proposal and understood the countervailing risks
associated with proceeding on all counts to trial.
{¶ 15} Appellant was further reminded that he was already on active probation for
prior criminal offenses and of the issues arising from proceeding to trial. Appellant
repeatedly and unequivocally asserted his understanding and his fervent wish to proceed
to trial.
{¶ 16} Appellee first called the employee on duty at Barney’s Convenience Mart
to testify. This witness testified that she was familiar with the officer whose vehicle was
struck by appellant. She testified that this officer would routinely stop by the store on his
way home from work. The witness further testified that she heard appellant’s car stereo
4. blaring loudly just prior to appellant backing his vehicle up and striking the bumper of
the officer’s vehicle.
{¶ 17} The witness proceeded to testify that appellant denied striking the truck and
became belligerent with the officer. She testified that she observed appellant refuse to
cooperate, attempt to leave the scene, and physically push and strike the officer. On
cross-examination, the witness elaborated that she had stepped out of the store and was
standing outside directly observing and hearing these events in close proximity as they
{¶ 18} The officer who had the encounter with appellant next testified to the trial
court. The officer testified that he had stopped at the store to check on things and to
purchase an item, as was his customary routine. The officer immediately noticed
appellant’s loud music blaring from his car stereo and gave a look at appellant in the
hopes that the music volume would be properly adjusted downwards. On the contrary,
appellant turned the music up even louder, directed a smile or smirk at the officer, and
backed up striking the officer’s vehicle.
{¶ 19} The officer testified that appellant next conveyed that he was going to leave
the scene. The officer replied that he could not leave yet as the impact may have
damaged the sensors on the officer’s vehicle. Appellant proceeded to tell the officer that
he was leaving the scene, that the officer had no right to stop him, and that it was none of
the officer’s business whether appellant was in possession of a weapon. The officer
called for back-up.
5. {¶ 20} While awaiting arrival of the additional officers, appellant told the officer
that he was going to assault him and assumed a boxer’s stance. Appellant shoved and
struck the officer in the chest. Appellant was placed under arrest.
{¶ 21} Appellant next elected to testify to the trial court on his own behalf.
Appellant testified that he had stopped at the Barney’s Convenience Mart to purchase
lottery tickets and an alcoholic beverage. Appellant conceded that he was sitting in his
vehicle scratching off the lottery tickets loudly playing his music. Appellant elaborated,
“I didn’t open my drink or nothing. I wait [until] I get home.”
{¶ 22} Appellant further testified that he observed the officer giving him a look
and that he understood the look to indicate a desire to turn the volume of the music down.
Despite acknowledging that the music was loud, appellant did not turn the music down.
Appellant explained his subjective, inaccurate opinion that, “He didn’t have that right.
It’s private property.”
{¶ 23} Appellant then backed out and started to drive away. Appellant stopped
when the officer ran out telling him that he had just struck his vehicle. Appellant denied
striking the vehicle, yet proceeded to contradictorily explain that the, “Damage that was
on my car was a little scruff.”
{¶ 24} Appellant testified as to his subjective opinion that the officer was not on
duty and had no right to do anything in connection to any of these matters. In response to
appellant’s repeated improper, unsupported legal conclusions interspersed throughout his
6. testimony, the trial court finally stated to appellant, “You seem to be stating an awful lot
of legal facts here. What law school did you go to?”
{¶ 25} The record further reflects that the trial court pointed out that appellant’s
claimed offense at the officer’s use of a curse word at appellant following appellant’s
striking of the officer’s vehicle was unconvincing given appellant’s own use of the same
precise curse word directed at the officer during the same verbal exchange.
{¶ 26} Lastly, the record reflects that contrary to appellant’s contention of being
maltreated by the trial court, and that alleged maltreatment rising to the level of a
constitutional breach, both appellant and counsel for appellant were given expansive
latitude during the trial and counsel for appellant was even given leave of the court to
reopen the case to enable appellant to provide additional testimony and elaborate on
earlier testimony after the defense had rested and after appellant himself had indicated he
had nothing further to add.
{¶ 27} At the conclusion of the matter, the trial court succinctly stated,
“[Appellant] made some erroneous legal conclusions. First of all, the officer can tell him
to turn down his radio. [T]here is a law in Toledo about the volume of your radio.
Secondly, he can, as an officer, say stay here. He can do all of that. Even though Mr.
Cox doesn’t think he can.” Appellant was found guilty on all counts. This appeal
ensued.
7. {¶ 28} In the sole assignment of error, appellant alleges that the trial court was
biased against him and he was denied his constitutional right to due process. We do not
concur.
{¶ 29} Evid.R. 614(B) establishes, “The court may interrogate witnesses, in an
impartial manner, whether called by itself or by a party.”
{¶ 30} We have carefully reviewed and considered the record of evidence in this
matter. Nothing in the record demonstrates a breach in appellant’s right to due process.
On the contrary, the record reflects that appellant, and counsel for appellant, were both
granted ample leverage in their defense of this case. The record reflects that appellant
systematically tendered unsupported and irrelevant legal conclusions both at the time of
the underlying incident, as well as during the subsequent bench trial.
{¶ 31} The record reflects that although appellant became agitated at being
corrected by both the police officer whose vehicle he struck, as well as subsequently by
the trial court itself, in response to appellant’s numerous mistaken notions, no breach of
appellant’s right to due process transpired in the course of this matter.
{¶ 32} Wherefore, we find appellant’s assignment of error not well-taken. The
judgment of the Toledo Municipal Court is hereby affirmed. Appellant is ordered to pay
the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
8. State v. Cox C.A. No. L-18-1014
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Thomas J. Osowik, J. _______________________________ James D. Jensen, J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
9.