Todd v. Kitsap County

676 P.2d 484, 101 Wash. 2d 245
CourtWashington Supreme Court
DecidedFebruary 16, 1984
DocketNo. 49774-5
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 676 P.2d 484 (Todd v. Kitsap County) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Washington Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Todd v. Kitsap County, 676 P.2d 484, 101 Wash. 2d 245 (Wash. 1984).

Opinion

Utter, J.

Clyde and Nadine Todd appeal from a summary judgment denying them compensation for land allegedly taken by inverse condemnation. They argue that the 7-year statute of limitations for prescriptive taking set forth in RCW 36.75.070 is inapplicable here and that a 10-year limitations period should apply. Also challenged is the statute's constitutionality under the equal protection clause of U.S. Const. amend. 14 and the privileges and immunities clause of Const. art. 1, § 12. We find appellants' arguments lack merit and affirm the trial court.

Appellants purchased some Kitsap County property in 1958. The County constructed a road on appellants' prop[247]*247erty and opened it to the public in July 1971. The public used and the County maintained this roadway for over 7 years before appellants filed this action in inverse condemnation. At trial, the court granted respondent County's motion for summary judgment on grounds that title had passed to it by prescription under RCW 36.75.070. Appellants appealed to the Court of Appeals which certified the case to this court.

A corporation possessing the right of eminent domain may acquire property in one of three ways: by purchase, by condemnation or inverse condemnation and payment of just compensation and by adverse possession or prescription for the statutory period. Snohomish v. Joslin, 9 Wn. App. 495, 513 P.2d 293 (1973). Appellants here argue that the County took their land by inverse condemnation. Respondent County contends that it acquired the property by prescription. If appellants are correct, they are entitled to just compensation for the property taken. If the County is correct, appellants have lost their right to compensation through the passage of time.

RCW 36.75.070 provides that:

All public highways in this state, outside incorporated cities and towns and not designated as state highways, which have been used as public highways for a period of not less than seven years, where they have been worked and kept up at the expense of the public, are county roads.

Our decisions construing this statute and its predecessors have stated that it is more than a mere statute of limitations and that prescriptive rights can be acquired under its terms. King Cy. v. Hagen, 30 Wn.2d 847, 194 P.2d 357 (1948); Stofferan v. Okanogan Cy., 76 Wash. 265, 136 P. 484 (1913); Seattle v. Smithers, 37 Wash. 119, 79 P. 615 (1905); Kingston Village Corp. v. King Cy., 4 Wn. App. 813, 484 P.2d 408 (1971).

The stipulated facts establish that the County has met the terms of the statute. "[A]n action for constitutional taking . . . may be brought at any time before title to the [248]*248property taken is acquired by prescription." (Italics ours.) Ackerman v. Port of Seattle, 55 Wn.2d 400, 405, 348 P.2d 664 (1960). Here, title passed to the County by prescription before appellants' action.

Appellants seek to escape this conclusion by arguing that a 10-year prescriptive period applies to all actions in inverse condemnation when just compensation is the remedy sought. They rely on Highline Sch. Dist. 401 v. Port of Seattle, 87 Wn.2d 6, 548 P.2d 1085 (1976); Ackerman; and Aylmore v. Seattle, 100 Wash. 515, 171 P. 659 (1918).

The most compelling of appellants' cases is Ackerman v. Port of Seattle, supra. In Ackerman, we were asked to determine whether the 3-year statute of limitations for tortious invasion and waste of real property, or the 10-year statute of limitations for recovery of real property, applied to actions for just compensation after a constitutional taking. We held that "an action for constitutional taking is not barred by any statute of limitations and may be brought at any time before title to the property taken is acquired by prescription. The prescriptive period in this state has been held to be ten years." Ackerman, at 405.

Ackerman did not infer that a 10-year prescriptive period was mandated to guarantee the right to just compensation. Rather, it set forth the prescriptive period provided as a result of the 10-year statute of limitations applicable in that case for recovery of real property. Once the applicable limitations period has expired, title passes either by prescription or by adverse possession. See Snohomish v. Joslin, 9 Wn. App. 495, 497, 513 P.2d 293 (1973) ("We recognize anomaly inherent in the statement of the rule. Acquisition of title by way of prescription is the result of the barring of an action by a statute of limitation"). The remaining cases cited by appellant were each governed by a 10-year statute of limitations and applied a 10-year prescriptive period to actions for just compensation after a governmental taking.

Appellants distinguish the County's cases, which apply the 7-year prescriptive period under RCW 36.75.070, by [249]*249noting that in none of them did plaintiffs seek just compensation. This distinction is unpersuasive. The applicable prescriptive period governs in actions for a constitutional taking. Because there is no authority which mandates a 10-year prescriptive period in all actions for just compensation, the 7-year prescriptive period of RCW 36.75.070 applies to those cases which fall within its terms.

It is next contended by appellants that RCW 36.75.070 unconstitutionally discriminates between two distinct groups in violation of Const. art. 1, § 12 and U.S. Const. amend. 14. They classify these groups as (1) those persons owning property in an unincorporated area who have only 7 years in which to claim compensation and (2) those persons owning property in an incorporated city or town who have a full 10 years in which to do so. They maintain, further, that the statute is subject to strict judicial scrutiny because it infringes on the "fundamental" right to receive just compensation for property taken by the government.

Appellants have mischaracterized the right here involved. RCW 36.75.070 does not deprive owners of property in unincorporated areas of their right to just compensation for property taken. It confers upon the county the right to acquire property by prescription within 7 years.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Tolliver v. United States
957 F. Supp. 2d 1236 (W.D. Washington, 2012)
Vasey v. Snohomish County
721 P.2d 524 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 1986)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
676 P.2d 484, 101 Wash. 2d 245, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/todd-v-kitsap-county-wash-1984.