COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Humphreys, Chafin and Senior Judge Clements Argued at Lexington, Virginia UNPUBLISHED
TIMOTHY WAYNE AMOS MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 1779-17-3 JUDGE ROBERT J. HUMPHREYS JULY 31, 2018 MARY LOU DOOLEY AMOS
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF TAZEWELL COUNTY Richard C. Patterson, Judge
Sharon R. Chickering (Trial Lawyers, P.C., on brief), for appellant.
Robert M. Galumbeck (Galumbeck and Kegley, on brief), for appellee.
Timothy Wayne Amos (“husband”) appeals the decision of the Circuit Court of Tazewell
County (“circuit court”) dated September 25, 2017, finding no clerical error concerning the
period used to calculate the portion of his railroad pension granted to Mary Lou Dooley Amos
(“wife”) in the final decree of divorce, dated October 26, 1994.1 That decree, made pursuant to
Code § 20-91, granted wife a portion of husband’s railroad retirement benefits payable when he
began receiving them, and calculated at a “sum equal to one-third of the product of the payment
received multiplied by the dividend of the total number of years of employment, upon which the
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 1 Wife argues that husband’s appeal is procedurally defaulted on several grounds, most pertinently that husband failed to post the appeal bond in a timely manner as required by Rule 5A:6(a) and Code § 8.01-676.1. Husband’s delay would once have been fatal, but changes to the code explicitly state that such bonds are not to be considered jurisdictional and that the time for filing the bond may be extended by this Court. See Code § 8.01-676.1(P); Foster v. Foster, 237 Va. 484, 378 S.E.2d 826 (1989). Husband has not defaulted on these or other grounds. pension is based, divided by the number of those years during which the parties were married.”
Husband retired in 2016 and began receiving payments, he subsequently sought reinstatement of
the divorce decree on the circuit court’s docket for purposes of correcting two clerical errors, the
court acquiesced, and argument was heard on May 12, 2017.
Wife agreed to the first of husband’s argued clerical errors—that the numerator and
denominator used to calculate wife’s interest were transposed and wife’s share should have been
calculated as the number of years the parties were married divided by the total number of years
husband was employed.2 However, husband also argued that the figure used in this calculation
should have been the length of the marriage until separation, rather than until the entry of the
final divorce decree terminating the marriage. The circuit court entered an order correcting the
error agreed to by the parties, but did not find that the second point argued by husband qualified
as a clerical error because the decree of divorce stated no separation date, and the circuit court
could not discount the fact that the calculation of the marital share may have been the result of an
agreement between the parties. Husband now appeals to this Court.
Code § 8.01-428 allows courts to correct “[c]lerical mistakes in all judgments or other
parts of the record and errors therein arising from oversight or from an inadvertent omission.”
Code § 8.01-428(B). Such corrections may be made at any time, and on the court’s own
initiative or on the motion of any party. “However, to invoke such authority the evidence must
clearly support the conclusion that an error of oversight or inadvertence has been made.” Cass v.
Lassiter, 2 Va. App. 273, 277, 343 S.E.2d 470, 473 (1986).
Husband argues that the period used in calculating wife’s benefits was a clerical error
because the court measured to the end of the marriage rather than to the date of separation. Code
2 Since husband was employed longer than the parties were married, the decree as originally written would have multiplied wife’s share by a factor greater than the length of their marriage, resulting in her receiving a larger share of the pension than husband. -2- § 20-107.3, which defines the share of a pension the spouse may receive, directs that “[n]o such
[pension] payment shall exceed 50 percent of the marital share of the cash benefits actually
received by the party against whom such award is made. ‘Marital share’ means that portion of
the total interest, the right to which was earned during the marriage and before the last
separation of the parties.” Code § 20-107.3(G)(1) (emphasis added). Husband argues that just
as it was recognized as a clerical error to transpose the numerator and denominator in the pension
payment calculation, it was also error to use the entire length of the marriage. As support for his
classification of this calculation as clerical error, husband cites Dorn v. Dorn, 222 Va. 288, 279
S.E.2d 393 (1981), wherein our Supreme Court corrected as a clerical error a drafting error in a
divorce decree’s award of child support. Likewise, in Cass, this Court upheld a court’s
correction of conflicting spousal support awards as a clerical error.
It is true that errors in spousal payment awards may constitute clerical errors for purposes
of Code § 8.01-428(B). However, as the Cass Court noted, the proper standard for such
corrections is that “the evidence must clearly support the conclusion that an error of oversight or
inadvertence has been made.” Cass, 2 Va. App. at 277, 343 S.E.2d at 473.
Here, the circuit court considered the absence of a separation date from the divorce
decree, the inclusion of language in the divorce decree that the parties had reached agreements,
and husband’s lack of evidence as to the substance of the mentioned agreements as ambiguity
sufficient to prevent considering the period of calculation as error. The nature and terms of the
“agreements” of the parties referenced in the divorce decree were not made part of the record in
the circuit court or in this appeal.3 Without knowing the terms of these agreements, it was
3 The decree of divorce simply states that counsel “made statements to the Court concerning the issues as well as agreements.” -3- impossible for the circuit court to know whether one of these agreements concerned the pension
calculation.
In response, husband argues that because the divorce decree states that the pension award is
made “in accordance with Virginia Code Section 20-107.3” any agreement of the parties, though
referenced earlier in the decree, must not have been considered with respect to husband’s pension.
Husband argues that without an affirmative declaration that the parties have waived equitable
distribution we must assume that the pension distribution was in error as it exceeded the
“jurisdictional parameters” of Code § 20-107.3 by including the period of separation. Husband does
not cite any law to support a need for this affirmative declaration. To the contrary, Code § 20-107.3
states that “[n]othing in this section shall be construed to prevent the affirmation, ratification and
incorporation in a decree of an agreement between the parties pursuant to §§ 20-109 and 20-109.1.
Agreements, otherwise valid as contracts, entered into between spouses prior to the marriage shall
be recognized and enforceable.” Code § 20-107.3(I). An award made in accordance with Code
§ 20-107.3, therefore, encourages the inclusion of agreements between the parties rather than
prohibiting them.
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Humphreys, Chafin and Senior Judge Clements Argued at Lexington, Virginia UNPUBLISHED
TIMOTHY WAYNE AMOS MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 1779-17-3 JUDGE ROBERT J. HUMPHREYS JULY 31, 2018 MARY LOU DOOLEY AMOS
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF TAZEWELL COUNTY Richard C. Patterson, Judge
Sharon R. Chickering (Trial Lawyers, P.C., on brief), for appellant.
Robert M. Galumbeck (Galumbeck and Kegley, on brief), for appellee.
Timothy Wayne Amos (“husband”) appeals the decision of the Circuit Court of Tazewell
County (“circuit court”) dated September 25, 2017, finding no clerical error concerning the
period used to calculate the portion of his railroad pension granted to Mary Lou Dooley Amos
(“wife”) in the final decree of divorce, dated October 26, 1994.1 That decree, made pursuant to
Code § 20-91, granted wife a portion of husband’s railroad retirement benefits payable when he
began receiving them, and calculated at a “sum equal to one-third of the product of the payment
received multiplied by the dividend of the total number of years of employment, upon which the
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 1 Wife argues that husband’s appeal is procedurally defaulted on several grounds, most pertinently that husband failed to post the appeal bond in a timely manner as required by Rule 5A:6(a) and Code § 8.01-676.1. Husband’s delay would once have been fatal, but changes to the code explicitly state that such bonds are not to be considered jurisdictional and that the time for filing the bond may be extended by this Court. See Code § 8.01-676.1(P); Foster v. Foster, 237 Va. 484, 378 S.E.2d 826 (1989). Husband has not defaulted on these or other grounds. pension is based, divided by the number of those years during which the parties were married.”
Husband retired in 2016 and began receiving payments, he subsequently sought reinstatement of
the divorce decree on the circuit court’s docket for purposes of correcting two clerical errors, the
court acquiesced, and argument was heard on May 12, 2017.
Wife agreed to the first of husband’s argued clerical errors—that the numerator and
denominator used to calculate wife’s interest were transposed and wife’s share should have been
calculated as the number of years the parties were married divided by the total number of years
husband was employed.2 However, husband also argued that the figure used in this calculation
should have been the length of the marriage until separation, rather than until the entry of the
final divorce decree terminating the marriage. The circuit court entered an order correcting the
error agreed to by the parties, but did not find that the second point argued by husband qualified
as a clerical error because the decree of divorce stated no separation date, and the circuit court
could not discount the fact that the calculation of the marital share may have been the result of an
agreement between the parties. Husband now appeals to this Court.
Code § 8.01-428 allows courts to correct “[c]lerical mistakes in all judgments or other
parts of the record and errors therein arising from oversight or from an inadvertent omission.”
Code § 8.01-428(B). Such corrections may be made at any time, and on the court’s own
initiative or on the motion of any party. “However, to invoke such authority the evidence must
clearly support the conclusion that an error of oversight or inadvertence has been made.” Cass v.
Lassiter, 2 Va. App. 273, 277, 343 S.E.2d 470, 473 (1986).
Husband argues that the period used in calculating wife’s benefits was a clerical error
because the court measured to the end of the marriage rather than to the date of separation. Code
2 Since husband was employed longer than the parties were married, the decree as originally written would have multiplied wife’s share by a factor greater than the length of their marriage, resulting in her receiving a larger share of the pension than husband. -2- § 20-107.3, which defines the share of a pension the spouse may receive, directs that “[n]o such
[pension] payment shall exceed 50 percent of the marital share of the cash benefits actually
received by the party against whom such award is made. ‘Marital share’ means that portion of
the total interest, the right to which was earned during the marriage and before the last
separation of the parties.” Code § 20-107.3(G)(1) (emphasis added). Husband argues that just
as it was recognized as a clerical error to transpose the numerator and denominator in the pension
payment calculation, it was also error to use the entire length of the marriage. As support for his
classification of this calculation as clerical error, husband cites Dorn v. Dorn, 222 Va. 288, 279
S.E.2d 393 (1981), wherein our Supreme Court corrected as a clerical error a drafting error in a
divorce decree’s award of child support. Likewise, in Cass, this Court upheld a court’s
correction of conflicting spousal support awards as a clerical error.
It is true that errors in spousal payment awards may constitute clerical errors for purposes
of Code § 8.01-428(B). However, as the Cass Court noted, the proper standard for such
corrections is that “the evidence must clearly support the conclusion that an error of oversight or
inadvertence has been made.” Cass, 2 Va. App. at 277, 343 S.E.2d at 473.
Here, the circuit court considered the absence of a separation date from the divorce
decree, the inclusion of language in the divorce decree that the parties had reached agreements,
and husband’s lack of evidence as to the substance of the mentioned agreements as ambiguity
sufficient to prevent considering the period of calculation as error. The nature and terms of the
“agreements” of the parties referenced in the divorce decree were not made part of the record in
the circuit court or in this appeal.3 Without knowing the terms of these agreements, it was
3 The decree of divorce simply states that counsel “made statements to the Court concerning the issues as well as agreements.” -3- impossible for the circuit court to know whether one of these agreements concerned the pension
calculation.
In response, husband argues that because the divorce decree states that the pension award is
made “in accordance with Virginia Code Section 20-107.3” any agreement of the parties, though
referenced earlier in the decree, must not have been considered with respect to husband’s pension.
Husband argues that without an affirmative declaration that the parties have waived equitable
distribution we must assume that the pension distribution was in error as it exceeded the
“jurisdictional parameters” of Code § 20-107.3 by including the period of separation. Husband does
not cite any law to support a need for this affirmative declaration. To the contrary, Code § 20-107.3
states that “[n]othing in this section shall be construed to prevent the affirmation, ratification and
incorporation in a decree of an agreement between the parties pursuant to §§ 20-109 and 20-109.1.
Agreements, otherwise valid as contracts, entered into between spouses prior to the marriage shall
be recognized and enforceable.” Code § 20-107.3(I). An award made in accordance with Code
§ 20-107.3, therefore, encourages the inclusion of agreements between the parties rather than
prohibiting them.
Further, even assuming arguendo that this portion of the divorce decree was not subject to
the parties’ agreements, it is unclear whether wife’s award exceeded the limits of Code
§ 20-107.3(G)(1) which only states that “[n]o such payment shall exceed 50 percent of the marital
share.” Wife was awarded one-third of husband’s pension payments multiplied by the sum of the
length of their marriage divided by the length of husband’s employment. The parties were married
in 1977 and divorced in 1994, and husband alleges a separation period of some fifteen months. The
record before us does not reflect when husband began work, and only indicates that he retired at
some point in 2016. However, even the argued “additional” fifteen months appears insufficient to
-4- raise wife’s portion from one-third to over one-half, and therefore the record is not clear that the
statutory limitation would be exceeded.
Regardless, without evidence in the record to support his assignment of error, husband’s
argument amounts to conjecture which cannot satisfy the evidentiary standard outlined in Cass
required to find a clerical error that should have been corrected. We therefore find no error in the
circuit court’s judgment and decline to award attorney’s fees in this matter.
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.
Affirmed.
-5-