Thomas v. State

3 So. 3d 387, 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 262, 2009 WL 103154
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedJanuary 16, 2009
DocketNo. 2D07-5896
StatusPublished

This text of 3 So. 3d 387 (Thomas v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Thomas v. State, 3 So. 3d 387, 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 262, 2009 WL 103154 (Fla. Ct. App. 2009).

Opinion

VILLANTI, Judge.

Kevin Thomas appeals from the summary denial of his motion for postconviction DNA testing filed pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.853. The postconviction court denied Thomas’s motion as untimely. Because the motion was not untimely under rule 3.853 or section 925.11, Florida Statutes (2007), we reverse and remand for consideration on the merits.

Thomas was convicted after a jury trial of multiple charges of sexual battery with a firearm, kidnapping with a firearm, burglary of a dwelling with assault with a deadly weapon, robbery with a firearm, grand theft motor vehicle, grand theft firearm, and conspiracy to commit armed burglary arising from events that occurred on April 20, 1992. He was subsequently sentenced to multiple consecutive lengthy sentences. On direct appeal, this court affirmed Thomas’s convictions and sentences without opinion. Thomas v. State, 645 So.2d 473 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994) (table decision).

On November 14, 2005, Thomas filed a motion pursuant to rule 3.853 seeking postconviction DNA testing of various evidence. Thomas filed the motion solely as to the two sexual battery convictions, and he alleged that DNA testing would establish that he was not the one who sexually battered the victims.

On October 25, 2006, the postconviction court dismissed Thomas’s November 14 motion as facially insufficient. The post-conviction court found that Thomas’s motion failed to include a statement of the facts and location of the evidence to be tested as required by rule 3.853(b)(1) and failed to include a statement that identification was a genuinely disputed issue at trial as required by rule 3.853(b)(4). In its order dismissing Thomas’s November 14 motion, the postconviction court “granted” Thomas thirty days in which to file a facially sufficient motion. Thomas did not file a facially sufficient motion within thirty days of the postconviction court’s October 25 order; however, the postconviction court never entered any further ruling on Thomas’s November 14 motion.

Subsequently on August 22, 2007, Thomas filed an amended motion for postconviction DNA testing under rule 3.853. In the amended motion, Thomas admitted that he filed a previous rule 3.853 motion and that the previous motion was dismissed as facially insufficient. Thomas also admitted that he was given thirty days to file a facially sufficient motion and that he failed to do so within that time frame. Thomas asserted that his amended motion should nevertheless be considered on its merits because neither rule 3.853 nor section 925.11 place any time limits on seeking postconviction DNA testing.

However, the postconviction court denied Thomas’s amended motion as untimely, presumably because Thomas failed to amend his original motion within the thirty-day time limit imposed by the court and not because of any time limit imposed by any rule or statute. The postconviction court provided no legal basis for its apparent belief that the thirty-day time limit it had imposed on Thomas superseded the unlimited time allowed Thomas by section 925.11 and rule 3.853. The postconviction court noted only that Thomas had provided no explanation for his “lengthy delay” in filing the amended motion and that fil[389]*389ing the amended motion nine months after the thirty-day deadline imposed by the earlier order rendered it untimely. Thomas now appeals this ruling.

As Thomas correctly points out, neither section 925.11 nor rule 3.853 provide any time limit for filing motions seeking postconviction DNA testing. When initially enacted, section 925.11 provided a deadline of two years after a judgment and sentence became final or October 1, 2001, whichever was later. See Ch. 2001-97, § 1, Laws of Fla. The statute was subsequently amended in 2004 to extend the deadline to four years after a judgment and sentence became final or October 1, 2005, whichever was later. See Ch. 2004-67, § 1, Laws of Fla. Finally, in 2006, the legislature removed the deadline for seeking postconviction DNA testing altogether. See Ch. 2006-292, § 1, Laws of Fla. Thus, the statute now provides as follows:

A petition for postsentencing DNA testing under paragraph (a) may be filed or considered at any time following the date that the judgment and sentence in the case becomes final.

§ 925.11(1)(b), Fla. Stat. (2007). Rule 3.853(d) similarly provides that motions for postconviction DNA testing may be “filed or considered at any time.” Thus, it is clear that Thomas’s amended motion filed in August 2007 was not untimely under either the rule or the statute and should not have been denied on that basis.

In fact, it does not appear that the post-conviction court denied Thomas’s amended motion as untimely under either the statute or the rule. Instead, it appears that the postconviction court denied Thomas’s amended motion as untimely because he did not file the amended motion within thirty days of the order dismissing his initial motion. However, Thomas’s failure to file his amended motion within this time frame does not render his amended motion untimely for three reasons.

First, because Thomas’s November 14 motion was not denied on the merits, he was legally entitled to file a second motion attempting to allege sufficient grounds for relief until the time limit for filing new motions had expired. Cf. Spera v. State, 971 So.2d 754, 758-59 (Fla.2007) (holding that a trial court may not summarily dismiss a timely but successive motion for postconviction relief under rule 3.850 if that motion raises issues that were summarily dismissed based on legal insufficiency); Mancebo v. State, 931 So.2d 928, 929 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006) (“Because there was no denial on the merits and the 3.850 time limit had not expired, the defendant was allowed to file a second Rule 3.850 motion in an attempt to allege legally sufficient claims.”).

Here, Thomas’s November 14 motion was dismissed as being legally insufficient. There was no denial on the merits. Therefore, Thomas was allowed to file a second rule 3.853 motion in an attempt to allege legally sufficient claims any time before the time limit for filing under rule 3.853 had “expired.” Because rule 3.853 does not have a time limit, Thomas’s amended motion could not have been untimely as a matter of law.

Second, a postconviction court may not arbitrarily shorten the time allowed for filing a facially sufficient rule 3.853 motion in contravention of the plain language of section 925.11 and rule 3.853. In removing the time limit for filing rule 3.853 motions and opening the availability of the motion to all convicted persons, not just those who went to trial, the legislature codified a policy that DNA testing be “a means by which to challenge convictions when there is a ‘credible concern that an injustice may have occurred and DNA testing may resolve the issue.’ ” Zollman v. State, 820 [390]*390So.2d 1059, 1062 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002) (quoting In re Amendment to Fla. Rules of Criminal Procedure Creating Rule 3.853 (DNA Testing), 807 So.2d 633, 636 (Fla.2001) (Anstead, J., concurring)). Permitting a postconviction court to impose an arbitrary time limit on a defendant to file an amended motion would not foster this policy.

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Related

Mancebo v. State
931 So. 2d 928 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2006)
Glenn v. State
954 So. 2d 732 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2007)
Bain v. State
963 So. 2d 913 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2007)
Zollman v. State
820 So. 2d 1059 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 2002)
Spera v. State
971 So. 2d 754 (Supreme Court of Florida, 2007)
Amendment to Fla. Rules of Cr. Proc.
807 So. 2d 633 (Supreme Court of Florida, 2001)

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Bluebook (online)
3 So. 3d 387, 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 262, 2009 WL 103154, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/thomas-v-state-fladistctapp-2009.