Thomas v. Germantown Hospital & Medical Center

16 Pa. D. & C.4th 247, 1992 Pa. Dist. & Cnty. Dec. LEXIS 167
CourtPennsylvania Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County
DecidedSeptember 9, 1992
Docketno. 1793
StatusPublished

This text of 16 Pa. D. & C.4th 247 (Thomas v. Germantown Hospital & Medical Center) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas, Philadelphia County primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Thomas v. Germantown Hospital & Medical Center, 16 Pa. D. & C.4th 247, 1992 Pa. Dist. & Cnty. Dec. LEXIS 167 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1992).

Opinion

HILL, J.,

The issue presented in plaintiffs’ petition for a protective order is whether the defendants may produce as their witness at trial an expert originally retained by the plaintiffs in anticipation of litigation whom the plaintiffs do not plan to call as their witness at trial.

The plaintiffs have filed a motion for a protective order regarding the defendants’ proposed videotape trial deposition of Dr. Lesser, an expert originally retained by the plaintiffs but whom the plaintiffs do not plan to call as a witness at trial. Dr. Lesser reviewed certain medical records forwarded by plaintiffs’ attorney, examined the minor-plaintiff, and wrote a letter to plaintiffs’ attorney on February 27, 1991, stating the results of his review and examination and his opinions. Defense counsel obtained a copy of Dr. Lesser’s records regarding the minor-plaintiff and seeks to call Dr. Lesser to testify at trial.

Although no Pennsylvania appellate court decision has addressed this precise issue, the Superior Court of New Jersey considered the issue in Graham v. Gielchinsky, 241 N.J. Super. 108, 574 A.2d 496 (1990), aff’d, 599 [249]*249A.2d 149 (1991). In Graham, the plaintiff was sent by his attorney to Dr. Primich for an expert opinion as to the defendant’s alleged malpractice. Id. at 498. Dr. Primich’s opinion was unfavorable to the plaintiff. Id. In some way, not shown by the evidence, the defense counsel obtained a copy of Dr. Primich’s report and produced the doctor to testify on the defendant’s behalf. The plaintiff argued that the trial court erred in permitting Dr. Primich to testify for the defendant because Dr. Primich had been initially retained by the plaintiff. Id.

The Graham court held that the trial court did not err in permitting Dr. Primich to testify. Id. The court cited several similar cases where courts stated that “the interests of truth outweighed any expectation of allegiance a party might have in consulting a prospective expert witness in preparation for trial,” and that “no party to litigation has anything resembling a proprietary right to any witness’s evidence.” Id. The court further found that Dr. Primich’s testimony did not violate a trust relationship because the patient-physician privilege did not apply and the plaintiff did not establish that he disclosed confidential information to Dr. Primich. Id. Finally, the court rejected the argument that the doctor’s expert opinion was the work product of the plaintiff’s lawyer. Id.

The Eastern District of Pennsylvania and several neighboring states’ appellate courts have addressed similar issues. In Fitzpatrick v. Holiday Inn, Inc., 507 F. Supp. 979 (E.D. Pa. 1981), the plaintiff was examined by a doctor at the defendant’s request. Id. at 979. Pursuant to Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the defendant gave the plaintiff a copy of the doctor’s report. [250]*250Id. The defendant decided not to call the doctor as a witness or to offer his report into evidence. Id. The plaintiff, however, intended to use the doctor’s report at trial, but the defendant refused to stipulate to its authenticity. Id. The plaintiff therefore sought to subpoena the doctor who prepared the report as the only witness who could lay the necessary foundation. Id. The Fitzpatrick court permitted the plaintiff to use the report and to subpoena the doctor, but limited the doctor’s testimony to the preparation and contents of the report. Id. at 980.

Similarly, in Pinkett v. Brittingham, 567 A.2d 858 (Del. 1989), the plaintiff was examined by a doctor designated by the defendant. Id. at 860. As required by the Delaware Superior Court Civil Rule 35(b), the defendant sent the plaintiff a copy of the doctor’s report. Id. The defendant did not call the doctor as a witness and alleged that the trial court erred in permitting the doctor to testify on behalf of the plaintiff. Id. The Supreme Court of Delaware held that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in permitting the doctor to testify because his testimony was properly limited to the contents of his report. Id.

Further, in Cogdell v. Brown, 220 N.J. Super. 330, 531 A.2d 1379 (1987), the plaintiffs sought to call as their witness at trial an examining doctor originally retained by the defendant. Id. at 1380. The defendant objected to the doctor’s testimony as a breach of loyalty and allegiance. Id. The court nevertheless permitted the doctor to testify, stating that the plaintiffs would otherwise be deprived of a fair trial. Id. The court explained:

“As a general proposition ... no party to litigation has anything resembling a proprietary right to any witness’s [251]*251evidence. Absent a privilege no party is entitled to restrict an opponent’s access to a witness, however partial or important to him, by insisting upon some notion of allegiance. Even an expert whose knowledge has been purchased cannot be silenced by the party who is paying him on that ground alone.”

Id. See also Sims v. Zayre Corp., No. 88C-DE-211 (De. Super. May 8, 1990) (“rule that an independent medical examiner’s testimony could always be blocked by the party who sought the examination and did not like the results would result in precluding a party in many cases from entering evidence that might be highly relevant”); Fenlon v. Thayer, 127 N.H. 702, 506 A.2d 319, 322 (1986) (trial court incorrectly prevented plaintiff from calling as witness expert originally consulted by defendant).

In the instant case, the plaintiffs argue in support of their petition for a protective order that the proposed videotape testimony of Dr. Lesser would violate Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure 4017.1(a) and 4003.5(A)(3). Pa.R.C.P. 4017.1(a) states:

“Any deposition taken upon oral examination may be recorded by videotape. Except as provided by this rule the rules of this chapter governing the practice and procedure in depositions and discovery shall apply.”

The plaintiffs argue that if a party chooses to take a videotape deposition pursuant to Pa.R.C.P. 4017, and later use it for trial, Pa.R.CP. 4003.5(A)(3) would then apply. Pa.R.C.P. 4003.5(A)(3) prohibits discovery of an expert whom another party retained in anticipation of litigation but does not plan to call as a witness at trial.

[252]*252The court does not believe that Pa.R.C,P. 4017.1 applies. Areading of this rule shows that it deals with the mechanics and procedures which govern the actual recording of the testimony. This rule does not concern the admissibility of evidence at the videotape trial deposition.

The plaintiffs next argue that the proposed videotape deposition of Dr.

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Related

Hickman v. Taylor
329 U.S. 495 (Supreme Court, 1947)
Pinkett v. Brittingham
567 A.2d 858 (Supreme Court of Delaware, 1989)
Cogdell v. Brown
531 A.2d 1379 (New Jersey Superior Court App Division, 1987)
Fitzpatrick v. Holiday Inns, Inc.
507 F. Supp. 979 (E.D. Pennsylvania, 1981)
Graham v. Gielchinsky
574 A.2d 496 (New Jersey Superior Court App Division, 1990)
Graham v. Gielchinsky
599 A.2d 149 (Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1991)
Fenlon v. Thayer
506 A.2d 319 (Supreme Court of New Hampshire, 1986)
Durflinger v. Artiles
727 F.2d 888 (Tenth Circuit, 1984)

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Bluebook (online)
16 Pa. D. & C.4th 247, 1992 Pa. Dist. & Cnty. Dec. LEXIS 167, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/thomas-v-germantown-hospital-medical-center-pactcomplphilad-1992.