In The Court of Appeals Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo ________________________
No. 07-11-0278-CR ________________________
THOMAS M. THOMAN, APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
On Appeal from the County Court at Law #3 Williamson County, Texas Trial Court No. 10-08591-3, Honorable Doug Arnold, Presiding
April 4, 2013
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Quinn, C.J., and Campbell and Pirtle, JJ.
Appellant Thomas M. Thoman, appearing pro se in the trial court and on appeal,
challenges his conviction and sentence for failure to identify. 1 We will affirm.
1 Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 38.02 (West 2011). An information charged appellant with the offense. A jury found him guilty and
punishment was tried to the bench. The trial judge imposed a sentence of confinement
in the county jail for three days with a fine of $200.
Appellant does not appear as an indigent but has not brought forward a
reporter’s record. 2 An appellant bears the burden of ensuring a record on appeal
sufficient to resolve the issue he presents. Guajardo v. State, 109 S.W.3d 456, 462
n.17 (Tex.Crim.App. 2003) (citing Rowell v. State, 66 S.W.3d 279, 282 (Tex.Crim.App.
2001)). Pursuant to appellate rule, we have notified appellant we will consider and
decide his issues to the extent possible without a reporter’s record. Tex. R. App. P.
37.3(c). 3
Appellant presents two issues on appeal. Viewing his stated issues in light of the
supporting argument in his brief, we perceive both issues attack the jurisdiction of the
trial court. We will discuss them jointly.
Appellant’s first issue reads:
That the said Williamson County Court at Law #3 did in fact error (sic) by applying unratified authority known as the 14th Amendment thereby denying “Original Common Law Due Process” (or Law of the Land) as defined and established in the Bill of Rights of the Constitution of Texas
2 Appellate rule 35.3(b) provides the reporter is responsible for preparing the reporter’s record if, inter alia, the person responsible for payment “has paid the reporter’s fee, or has made satisfactory arrangements with the reporter to pay the fee, or is entitled to appeal without paying the fee.” Tex. R. App. P. 35.3(b). 3 See Thoman v. State, No. 07-11-00278-CR, 2011 Tex. App. Lexis 7020 (Tex.App.--Amarillo Aug. 26, 2011) (per curiam order) (setting deadline for reporter’s record and warning appellant that absence of reporter’s record because of his omission would limit review and decision to those issues in his brief not requiring a reporter’s record for decision).
2 ratified in 1876, and as defined in the 5th Amendment of the Bill Of Rights of the US Constitution ratified by the several States in 1791. His second issue states:
That the said Williamson County Court at Law #3 did in fact error (sic) in applying unlawful authority (14th Amendment) by mere use of strict belief and popular opinion without any evidence of whether such aforesaid amendment (sic) ratified or not. Appellant’s brief fleshes out his argument with a series of contentions, as follows:
[Appellant] does so state; that he is, 1), NOT a United States citizen (as understood post-Civil War) and 2), that the issue brought before this court is strictly a state issue, and that the state of Texas is sovereign, has particular rights, and has NOT given up any rights to sovereignty which have NOT been enumerated in the constitution and therefore are reserved to the state; that what has been reserved to the states is reserved to them, and, 3), the constitution and laws of the state of Texas are the supreme law of the land in relation to [appellant], and 4), [the State is] walking into the state and trespassing on the rights of the (pre civil war) citizen, and 5), [the State has] perpetrated fraud upon [appellant], and therefore, said case should be reversed. (Bolding and capitalization in original.) In short, appellant asserts the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
Constitution was never lawfully ratified. Having “formally renounced the fraud
committed upon” him, he deems himself “no longer subject to the ‘Special’ and/or
‘Private Law’ jurisdiction of the United States in relation to the true Law of the Land.” He
claims the status of “a freeman (i.e. Texas citizen),” apparently over and against any
allegiance to the federal government or at least any authority relying on the Fourteenth
Amendment.
By appellant’s reasoning, he is entitled to due process arising from an
unspecified body of common law applied by a “Court of Justice.” He asserts, “therefore
until [the State has] filed a complaint against [appellant] in a Court of Justice, where
[appellant] can answer said complaint (notice and opportunity to be heard), be tried
3 under the Common Law, and convicted of an offense or crime; they are barred from the
taking (trespassing) of life, liberty, or property from [appellant], as they have NO
jurisdiction without it (Due Process).”
In addition to its assertions regarding the invalidity of the Fourteenth Amendment,
appellant’s brief contains discussion of his views of points of legal history related to his
stated issues. As an appellate brief supporting a contention the trial court lacked
jurisdiction, however, it does not contain “a clear and concise argument for the
contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and to the record.” The
absence of a cogent argument supported by substantive analysis and citations leaves
the issues inadequately briefed and presenting nothing for review. Tex. R. App. P.
38.1(i); Roberts v. State, 273 S.W.3d 322, 326 (Tex.Crim.App. 2008) (agreeing with
court of appeals that inadequately briefed complaint was properly overruled). 4
Moreover, appellant’s claims are frivolous. See, e.g., United States v. Gerads,
999 F.2d 1255, 1256 (8th Cir.1993) (rejecting appellants’ claims that they were “not
citizens of the United States, but rather ‘Free Citizens of the Republic of Minnesota’
and, consequently, not subject to taxation” and imposing sanctions for bringing a
frivolous appeal); United States v. Masat, 948 F.2d 923, 934 (5th Cir. 1991) (finding
appellant’s lack of personal jurisdiction contention based on claimed status of “non-
citizen,” “non-resident,” and “freeman” was frivolous as he was indicted, appeared
before district court, and presented appellate court no authority for argument); United
States v. Beckwith, No. 01-CR-7, 2006 U.S. Dist. Lexis 64954, at *1-3 (E.D. Wis. Sept.
4 If we have misperceived appellant’s contentions on appeal, and his argument is that the trial court erred in its application of law to his conviction and sentencing, we note that his brief is similarly inadequate to present that argument.
4 9, 2006) (stating in alternative holding claims of defendant alleging he was not a “citizen
of the United States’ (sic) under the so-called 14th Amendment” but instead a “Common
Law Citizen of the Sovereign Wisconsin Republic” were frivolous); Dethlefs v. Samuels,
Civil No. 06-0807 (JBS), 2006 U.S. Dist. Lexis 44462, at *8 (D.N.J. June 16, 2006)
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
In The Court of Appeals Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo ________________________
No. 07-11-0278-CR ________________________
THOMAS M. THOMAN, APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
On Appeal from the County Court at Law #3 Williamson County, Texas Trial Court No. 10-08591-3, Honorable Doug Arnold, Presiding
April 4, 2013
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Quinn, C.J., and Campbell and Pirtle, JJ.
Appellant Thomas M. Thoman, appearing pro se in the trial court and on appeal,
challenges his conviction and sentence for failure to identify. 1 We will affirm.
1 Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 38.02 (West 2011). An information charged appellant with the offense. A jury found him guilty and
punishment was tried to the bench. The trial judge imposed a sentence of confinement
in the county jail for three days with a fine of $200.
Appellant does not appear as an indigent but has not brought forward a
reporter’s record. 2 An appellant bears the burden of ensuring a record on appeal
sufficient to resolve the issue he presents. Guajardo v. State, 109 S.W.3d 456, 462
n.17 (Tex.Crim.App. 2003) (citing Rowell v. State, 66 S.W.3d 279, 282 (Tex.Crim.App.
2001)). Pursuant to appellate rule, we have notified appellant we will consider and
decide his issues to the extent possible without a reporter’s record. Tex. R. App. P.
37.3(c). 3
Appellant presents two issues on appeal. Viewing his stated issues in light of the
supporting argument in his brief, we perceive both issues attack the jurisdiction of the
trial court. We will discuss them jointly.
Appellant’s first issue reads:
That the said Williamson County Court at Law #3 did in fact error (sic) by applying unratified authority known as the 14th Amendment thereby denying “Original Common Law Due Process” (or Law of the Land) as defined and established in the Bill of Rights of the Constitution of Texas
2 Appellate rule 35.3(b) provides the reporter is responsible for preparing the reporter’s record if, inter alia, the person responsible for payment “has paid the reporter’s fee, or has made satisfactory arrangements with the reporter to pay the fee, or is entitled to appeal without paying the fee.” Tex. R. App. P. 35.3(b). 3 See Thoman v. State, No. 07-11-00278-CR, 2011 Tex. App. Lexis 7020 (Tex.App.--Amarillo Aug. 26, 2011) (per curiam order) (setting deadline for reporter’s record and warning appellant that absence of reporter’s record because of his omission would limit review and decision to those issues in his brief not requiring a reporter’s record for decision).
2 ratified in 1876, and as defined in the 5th Amendment of the Bill Of Rights of the US Constitution ratified by the several States in 1791. His second issue states:
That the said Williamson County Court at Law #3 did in fact error (sic) in applying unlawful authority (14th Amendment) by mere use of strict belief and popular opinion without any evidence of whether such aforesaid amendment (sic) ratified or not. Appellant’s brief fleshes out his argument with a series of contentions, as follows:
[Appellant] does so state; that he is, 1), NOT a United States citizen (as understood post-Civil War) and 2), that the issue brought before this court is strictly a state issue, and that the state of Texas is sovereign, has particular rights, and has NOT given up any rights to sovereignty which have NOT been enumerated in the constitution and therefore are reserved to the state; that what has been reserved to the states is reserved to them, and, 3), the constitution and laws of the state of Texas are the supreme law of the land in relation to [appellant], and 4), [the State is] walking into the state and trespassing on the rights of the (pre civil war) citizen, and 5), [the State has] perpetrated fraud upon [appellant], and therefore, said case should be reversed. (Bolding and capitalization in original.) In short, appellant asserts the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
Constitution was never lawfully ratified. Having “formally renounced the fraud
committed upon” him, he deems himself “no longer subject to the ‘Special’ and/or
‘Private Law’ jurisdiction of the United States in relation to the true Law of the Land.” He
claims the status of “a freeman (i.e. Texas citizen),” apparently over and against any
allegiance to the federal government or at least any authority relying on the Fourteenth
Amendment.
By appellant’s reasoning, he is entitled to due process arising from an
unspecified body of common law applied by a “Court of Justice.” He asserts, “therefore
until [the State has] filed a complaint against [appellant] in a Court of Justice, where
[appellant] can answer said complaint (notice and opportunity to be heard), be tried
3 under the Common Law, and convicted of an offense or crime; they are barred from the
taking (trespassing) of life, liberty, or property from [appellant], as they have NO
jurisdiction without it (Due Process).”
In addition to its assertions regarding the invalidity of the Fourteenth Amendment,
appellant’s brief contains discussion of his views of points of legal history related to his
stated issues. As an appellate brief supporting a contention the trial court lacked
jurisdiction, however, it does not contain “a clear and concise argument for the
contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and to the record.” The
absence of a cogent argument supported by substantive analysis and citations leaves
the issues inadequately briefed and presenting nothing for review. Tex. R. App. P.
38.1(i); Roberts v. State, 273 S.W.3d 322, 326 (Tex.Crim.App. 2008) (agreeing with
court of appeals that inadequately briefed complaint was properly overruled). 4
Moreover, appellant’s claims are frivolous. See, e.g., United States v. Gerads,
999 F.2d 1255, 1256 (8th Cir.1993) (rejecting appellants’ claims that they were “not
citizens of the United States, but rather ‘Free Citizens of the Republic of Minnesota’
and, consequently, not subject to taxation” and imposing sanctions for bringing a
frivolous appeal); United States v. Masat, 948 F.2d 923, 934 (5th Cir. 1991) (finding
appellant’s lack of personal jurisdiction contention based on claimed status of “non-
citizen,” “non-resident,” and “freeman” was frivolous as he was indicted, appeared
before district court, and presented appellate court no authority for argument); United
States v. Beckwith, No. 01-CR-7, 2006 U.S. Dist. Lexis 64954, at *1-3 (E.D. Wis. Sept.
4 If we have misperceived appellant’s contentions on appeal, and his argument is that the trial court erred in its application of law to his conviction and sentencing, we note that his brief is similarly inadequate to present that argument.
4 9, 2006) (stating in alternative holding claims of defendant alleging he was not a “citizen
of the United States’ (sic) under the so-called 14th Amendment” but instead a “Common
Law Citizen of the Sovereign Wisconsin Republic” were frivolous); Dethlefs v. Samuels,
Civil No. 06-0807 (JBS), 2006 U.S. Dist. Lexis 44462, at *8 (D.N.J. June 16, 2006)
(addressing motion based in part on claim the 14th Amendment was never ratified,
petitioner was not a “14th Amendment Citizen,” and was a “national” of “the country of
Connecticut”); United States v. Greenstreet, 912 F.Supp. 224, 228 (N.D. Tex. 1996)
(finding “entirely frivolous” defendant’s want of personal jurisdiction argument, which
discredited the 14th Amendment while advancing his “Republic/State of Texas”
citizenship, as the claim’s only support was documents issued by the “common law
court”); Wells v. United States, No. 86-C-316-B, 1986 U.S. Dist. Lexis 23356, at *1-2
(N.D. Okla. July 1, 1986) (dismissing as “clearly frivolous” plaintiff’s challenge to levy on
salary based inter alia on claim of “Free, . . . Common Law Citizen . . . not subject to law
deriving from the Fourteenth Amendment,” and quoting Windsor v. Pan American
Airways, 744 F.2d 1187, 1188 (5th Cir. 1984) (“No federal court, trial or appellate, is
obligated to allot more than a modicum of scarce judicial resources to such claims”)).
The due course of law provision of our Texas Constitution provides, “No citizen of
this State shall be deprived of life, liberty, property, privileges or immunities, or in any
manner disfranchised, except by the due course of the law of the land.” Tex. Const. art.
I, § 19. The protection provided one accused of crime by our state constitution’s “due
course of law” guarantee has on occasion been viewed more broadly than that provided
by the federal constitution’s “due process” provision. See Sanchez v. State, 707
S.W.2d 575, 580 (Tex.Crim.App. 1986) (finding Texas Constitution’s protection of
5 defendant from impeachment for post-arrest, pre-Miranda silence greater than
protection against self-incrimination under the Fifth Amendment); but cf. Fleming v.
State, 376 S.W.3d 854, 857 (Tex.App.--Fort Worth 2012, pet. granted) (“[T]his court and
the majority of Texas courts of appeals have repeatedly held that the due course of law
provision provides the same protections as the federal Due Process Clause”). But
appellant provides no analysis supporting his contention that the Williamson County
Court at Law No. 3 lacked jurisdiction because it is not a “Court of Justice” administering
the “Law of the Land.” Nor, of course, does appellant’s self-styled renunciation
declaring himself subject to laws other than those of the United States have any legal
significance. See U.S. Const., Art. VI, cl. 2. (Supremacy Clause).
As the State points out, the clerk’s record contains an information regular on its
face. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 21.21 (West 2009) (designating requisites of an
information). Nothing in the clerk’s record suggests the trial court lacked personal or
subject matter jurisdiction or committed fundamental error. See Guzman v. State, No.
12-12-00377-CR, 2013 Tex. App. Lexis 877, at *1-2 (Tex.App.--Tyler Jan. 31, 2013,
n.p.h.) (per curiam, mem. op.) (reviewing clerk’s record for fundamental error when
appellant did not arrange for preparation of reporter’s record). Appellant’s first and
second issues are overruled. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
James T. Campbell Justice
Do not publish.