NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION
STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
CA 09-437
THERESA GIBSON
VERSUS
LAFAYETTE INSURANCE COMPANY, ET AL.
**********
APPEAL FROM THE FOURTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF CALCASIEU, NO. 2007-3085G HONORABLE G. MICHAEL CANADAY, DISTRICT JUDGE
BILLY HOWARD EZELL JUDGE
Court composed of Marc T. Amy, Billy Howard Ezell, and James T. Genovese, Judges.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.
James Paul Lambert P. O. Box 53083 Lafayette, LA 70505-3083 (337) 261-3737 Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellee: Theresa Gibson Kraig Thomas Strenge P.O. Box 52292 Lafayette, LA 70502-2292 (337) 261-9722 Counsel for Defendant/Appellee: Charles R. Walker
Thomas Joseph Solari Woodley, Williams Law Firm L.L.C. P. O. Box 3731 Lake Charles, LA 70602-3731 (337) 433-6328 Counsel for Defendants/Appellants: Lafayette Insurance Company LASSCO, L.L.C.
Jeremy A. Hebert Becker & Associates P. O. Box 52085 Lafayette, LA 70505 (337) 233-1987 Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellee: Theresa Gibson EZELL, JUDGE.
LASSCO, L.L.C. and Lafayette Insurance Company appeal a trial court
judgment finding that LASSCO was the owner of a truck that was involved in an
accident. Defendants claim that summary judgment was inappropriate on this issue
as it called for judgment on subjective facts which are inappropriate for summary
judgment issues.
FACTS
On December 12, 2006, Charles Walker was traveling home on Enterprise
Boulevard in Lake Charles when he lost control of the 1996 Chevrolet pickup truck
he was driving and hit a tree in the median. Theresa Gibson was a passenger in the
truck and was injured as a result of the accident.
At the time of the accident, Mr. Walker was employed by LASSCO. Ms.
Gibson filed suit against Mr. Walker and Lafayette Insurance Company, the insurer
of vehicles owned by LASSCO. The Defendants filed a motion for summary
judgment claiming that LASSCO did not own the truck at the time of the accident.
Subsequently, Ms. Gibson also filed a motion for partial summary judgment alleging
that Lafayette Insurance Company was the insurer of the truck.
A hearing on both motions for summary judgment was held on December 11,
2008. The trial court found that a sale had not been completed so that LASSCO was
still owner of the truck at the time of the accident. Therefore, the trial court granted
Ms. Gibson’s motion for summary judgment and denied the Defendants’ motion for
summary judgment. Judgment was signed on January 12, 2009. The Defendants then
appealed the granting of Ms. Gibson’s partial motion for summary judgment.
1 DISCUSSION
Defendants claim that summary judgment finding that LASSCO was the owner
of the truck was inappropriate because there were material issues of fact as to whether
LASSCO and Mr. Walker considered that the sale of the truck was complete.
Appellate review of the granting of a motion for summary judgment is de novo, using the identical criteria that govern the trial court’s consideration of whether summary judgment is appropriate. Bonin v. Westport Ins. Corp., 05-0886, p. 4 (La.5/17/06), 930 So.2d 906, 910; Schroeder v. Bd. of Sup’rs of La. State Univ., 591 So.2d 342, 345 (La.1991). A motion for summary judgment is a procedural device used when there is no genuine issue of material fact. The summary judgment procedure is designed to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and shall be construed to favorably accomplish these ends. La. C.C.P. art. 966(A)(2). A motion for summary judgment is properly granted only if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show there is no genuine issue of material fact, and the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. La. C.C.P. art. 966; Duncan v. USAA Ins. Co., 06-0363, p. 4 (La.11/29/06), 950 So.2d 544, 546-547. A fact is material if it potentially insures or precludes recovery, affects a litigant’s ultimate success, or determines the outcome of the legal dispute. Hines v. Garrett, 04-0806, p. 1 (La.6/25/04), 876 So.2d 764, 765 (citing Smith v. Our Lady of the Lake Hosp., Inc., 93-2512, p. 27 (La.7/5/94), 639 So.2d 730, 751). A genuine issue of material fact is one as to which reasonable persons could disagree; if reasonable persons could reach only one conclusion, there is no need for trial on that issue and summary judgment is appropriate. Hines, 876 So.2d at 765-766.
King v. Illinois Nat. Ins. Co., 08-1491, p. 6 (La. 4/3/09), 9 So.3d 780, 784.
Therefore, we have made a de novo review of the evidence submitted on behalf
of Ms. Gibson to determine if the trial court was correct in determining that
ownership of the truck had not passed from LASSCO to Mr. Walker.
Ms. Gibson argues that ownership of the truck did not transfer to Mr. Walker
because the agreement to sell the truck was subject to a suspensive condition.
Specifically, she argues that Mr. Walker had to obtain a valid Louisiana driver’s
license before ownership transferred.
2 Pursuant to La.Civ.Code art. 2456, “[o]wnership is transferred between the
parties as soon as there is agreement on the thing and the price is fixed, even though
the thing sold is not yet delivered nor the price paid.” Furthermore, “[a] conditional
obligation is one dependent on an uncertain event.” La.Civ.Code art. 1767. A
conditional obligation is suspensive if the obligation may not be enforced until an
uncertain event occurs. Id. See also Swido v. Lafayette Ins. Co., 04-1674 (La.App.
3 Cir. 11/2/05), 916 So.2d 399, writ denied, 05-2509 (La. 3/31/06), 925 So.2d 1261.
In Kershaw v. Deshotel, 179 So.2d 528, 531(La.App. 3 Cir. 1965), the sale of
a vehicle “was contracted on the suspensive condition that the Buyer’s Order be
approved by an official of the company and by a finance company as to any deferred
balance.” The court held that “[o]wnership of the vehicle was not transferred until
the fulfillment of these conditions.”1
In Sherman v. State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co., 413 So.2d 644 (La.App. 1 Cir.),
writ denied, 414 So.2d 776 (La.1982), the first circuit cited Kershaw and found that
ownership of a vehicle had never transferred because certain suspensive conditions
had not been fulfilled. In Sherman, the sale from Sugarland Homes, Inc. to the
negligent driver’s father was suspended until the bank allowed the father to assume
the note on the car or until the father secured new financing with Sugarland becoming
the co-maker on a new note.
The court in Sherman, 413 So.2d at 648, made the following observations:
There is no dispute that Eason secured delivery of the truck from the moment of his employment with Sugarland, and not from the moment of the alleged sale in July. It is clear from the testimony that Mr. Eason treated the truck no differently after July than he did before July. It is also clear that Mr. Eason made no payments on the truck, thus indicating he did not assume the outstanding mortgage. As far as Mr. Eason knew,
1 Kershaw, 179 So.2d 528, relied on former La.Civ.Code art. 2471, which provided, in pertinent part: “A sale, made with a suspensive condition, does not transfer the property to the buyer, until the fulfillment of the condition.”
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NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION
STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
CA 09-437
THERESA GIBSON
VERSUS
LAFAYETTE INSURANCE COMPANY, ET AL.
**********
APPEAL FROM THE FOURTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF CALCASIEU, NO. 2007-3085G HONORABLE G. MICHAEL CANADAY, DISTRICT JUDGE
BILLY HOWARD EZELL JUDGE
Court composed of Marc T. Amy, Billy Howard Ezell, and James T. Genovese, Judges.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.
James Paul Lambert P. O. Box 53083 Lafayette, LA 70505-3083 (337) 261-3737 Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellee: Theresa Gibson Kraig Thomas Strenge P.O. Box 52292 Lafayette, LA 70502-2292 (337) 261-9722 Counsel for Defendant/Appellee: Charles R. Walker
Thomas Joseph Solari Woodley, Williams Law Firm L.L.C. P. O. Box 3731 Lake Charles, LA 70602-3731 (337) 433-6328 Counsel for Defendants/Appellants: Lafayette Insurance Company LASSCO, L.L.C.
Jeremy A. Hebert Becker & Associates P. O. Box 52085 Lafayette, LA 70505 (337) 233-1987 Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellee: Theresa Gibson EZELL, JUDGE.
LASSCO, L.L.C. and Lafayette Insurance Company appeal a trial court
judgment finding that LASSCO was the owner of a truck that was involved in an
accident. Defendants claim that summary judgment was inappropriate on this issue
as it called for judgment on subjective facts which are inappropriate for summary
judgment issues.
FACTS
On December 12, 2006, Charles Walker was traveling home on Enterprise
Boulevard in Lake Charles when he lost control of the 1996 Chevrolet pickup truck
he was driving and hit a tree in the median. Theresa Gibson was a passenger in the
truck and was injured as a result of the accident.
At the time of the accident, Mr. Walker was employed by LASSCO. Ms.
Gibson filed suit against Mr. Walker and Lafayette Insurance Company, the insurer
of vehicles owned by LASSCO. The Defendants filed a motion for summary
judgment claiming that LASSCO did not own the truck at the time of the accident.
Subsequently, Ms. Gibson also filed a motion for partial summary judgment alleging
that Lafayette Insurance Company was the insurer of the truck.
A hearing on both motions for summary judgment was held on December 11,
2008. The trial court found that a sale had not been completed so that LASSCO was
still owner of the truck at the time of the accident. Therefore, the trial court granted
Ms. Gibson’s motion for summary judgment and denied the Defendants’ motion for
summary judgment. Judgment was signed on January 12, 2009. The Defendants then
appealed the granting of Ms. Gibson’s partial motion for summary judgment.
1 DISCUSSION
Defendants claim that summary judgment finding that LASSCO was the owner
of the truck was inappropriate because there were material issues of fact as to whether
LASSCO and Mr. Walker considered that the sale of the truck was complete.
Appellate review of the granting of a motion for summary judgment is de novo, using the identical criteria that govern the trial court’s consideration of whether summary judgment is appropriate. Bonin v. Westport Ins. Corp., 05-0886, p. 4 (La.5/17/06), 930 So.2d 906, 910; Schroeder v. Bd. of Sup’rs of La. State Univ., 591 So.2d 342, 345 (La.1991). A motion for summary judgment is a procedural device used when there is no genuine issue of material fact. The summary judgment procedure is designed to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and shall be construed to favorably accomplish these ends. La. C.C.P. art. 966(A)(2). A motion for summary judgment is properly granted only if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show there is no genuine issue of material fact, and the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. La. C.C.P. art. 966; Duncan v. USAA Ins. Co., 06-0363, p. 4 (La.11/29/06), 950 So.2d 544, 546-547. A fact is material if it potentially insures or precludes recovery, affects a litigant’s ultimate success, or determines the outcome of the legal dispute. Hines v. Garrett, 04-0806, p. 1 (La.6/25/04), 876 So.2d 764, 765 (citing Smith v. Our Lady of the Lake Hosp., Inc., 93-2512, p. 27 (La.7/5/94), 639 So.2d 730, 751). A genuine issue of material fact is one as to which reasonable persons could disagree; if reasonable persons could reach only one conclusion, there is no need for trial on that issue and summary judgment is appropriate. Hines, 876 So.2d at 765-766.
King v. Illinois Nat. Ins. Co., 08-1491, p. 6 (La. 4/3/09), 9 So.3d 780, 784.
Therefore, we have made a de novo review of the evidence submitted on behalf
of Ms. Gibson to determine if the trial court was correct in determining that
ownership of the truck had not passed from LASSCO to Mr. Walker.
Ms. Gibson argues that ownership of the truck did not transfer to Mr. Walker
because the agreement to sell the truck was subject to a suspensive condition.
Specifically, she argues that Mr. Walker had to obtain a valid Louisiana driver’s
license before ownership transferred.
2 Pursuant to La.Civ.Code art. 2456, “[o]wnership is transferred between the
parties as soon as there is agreement on the thing and the price is fixed, even though
the thing sold is not yet delivered nor the price paid.” Furthermore, “[a] conditional
obligation is one dependent on an uncertain event.” La.Civ.Code art. 1767. A
conditional obligation is suspensive if the obligation may not be enforced until an
uncertain event occurs. Id. See also Swido v. Lafayette Ins. Co., 04-1674 (La.App.
3 Cir. 11/2/05), 916 So.2d 399, writ denied, 05-2509 (La. 3/31/06), 925 So.2d 1261.
In Kershaw v. Deshotel, 179 So.2d 528, 531(La.App. 3 Cir. 1965), the sale of
a vehicle “was contracted on the suspensive condition that the Buyer’s Order be
approved by an official of the company and by a finance company as to any deferred
balance.” The court held that “[o]wnership of the vehicle was not transferred until
the fulfillment of these conditions.”1
In Sherman v. State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co., 413 So.2d 644 (La.App. 1 Cir.),
writ denied, 414 So.2d 776 (La.1982), the first circuit cited Kershaw and found that
ownership of a vehicle had never transferred because certain suspensive conditions
had not been fulfilled. In Sherman, the sale from Sugarland Homes, Inc. to the
negligent driver’s father was suspended until the bank allowed the father to assume
the note on the car or until the father secured new financing with Sugarland becoming
the co-maker on a new note.
The court in Sherman, 413 So.2d at 648, made the following observations:
There is no dispute that Eason secured delivery of the truck from the moment of his employment with Sugarland, and not from the moment of the alleged sale in July. It is clear from the testimony that Mr. Eason treated the truck no differently after July than he did before July. It is also clear that Mr. Eason made no payments on the truck, thus indicating he did not assume the outstanding mortgage. As far as Mr. Eason knew,
1 Kershaw, 179 So.2d 528, relied on former La.Civ.Code art. 2471, which provided, in pertinent part: “A sale, made with a suspensive condition, does not transfer the property to the buyer, until the fulfillment of the condition.”
3 the secretary at Sugarland continued to make the note payments. There was no testimony offered or evidence introduced to show that monthly payments were not still being made by Sugarland on the chattel mortgage on the truck or that Sugarland was in default on said payments. Sugarland did not notify State Farm that the truck was sold, or to cancel coverage on that truck. Sugarland provided Eason with the truck while he was employed at Sugarland, and while he was a subcontractor for Sugarland. The record does not reflect that there was any change in the relationships between the truck, Mr. Eason, Sugarland or State Farm after July, 1979, as appellant would have this Court believe.
In support of her motion for summary judgment, Ms. Gibson introduced the
deposition of David Brumby, one of the owners of LASSCO. LASSCO is a
petroleum contractor which constructs and maintains fueling facilities. Mr. Brumby
testified that the company owned a 1996 Chevrolet extended cab pickup truck. This
truck was used primarily by LASSCO for service calls. While employed with
LASSCO, Mr. Walker used the truck. Mr. Walker would take the truck home on
weekends in case he had a service call. Mr. Walker also had permission to use the
truck on occasion for personal reasons.
Mr. Brumby agreed to sell the truck to Mr. Walker for $500.00. Mr. Brumby
testified that Mr. Walker had paid for the truck by making five payments from
October 19, 2006 to November 16, 2006. Mr. Brumby stated that the truck then
became Mr. Walker’s personal truck. However, Mr. Brumby testified that he was
waiting on Mr. Walker to get his affairs in order before a bill of sale was executed
and the transfer of title took place. Specifically, Mr. Walker needed to get a valid
Louisiana driver’s license because his had expired. Mr. Brumby also agreed that he
did not make any effort to have his insurance company remove the truck from the
fleet insurance policy issued by Lafayette Insurance Company.
Mr. Walker’s deposition testimony reveals that after he made all the payments,
he continued to use the truck off and on for LASSCO’s business purposes up until the
4 accident. The truck still had the LASSCO magnetic stickers on it, and LASSCO tools
were in it. The truck was even used to transport LASSCO workers on occasion.
Although Mr. Walker admitted he was driving it as his own, he testified that he would
not have used it in the business if all the paperwork had been completed. At the time
of the accident, Mr. Walker had not purchased personal insurance on the truck.
While we agree with Mr. Walker that all evidence seems to indicate that Mr.
Walker had not cleared up his driver’s license problems, there is no testimony or
evidence in support of the fact that Mr. Walker’s driver’s license problems were still
at issue when he got in the accident. Therefore, a genuine issue of material fact still
exists and summary judgment was inappropriate.
For these reasons, the judgment of the trial court is reversed. This case is
remanded for further proceedings. Costs of this appeal are assessed to Theresa
Gibson.
This opinion is NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION. Uniform Rules - Courts of Appeal, Rule 2-16.3.