TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-14-00101-CV
The Texas Department of Public Safety, Appellant
v.
J. W. D., Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF HAYS COUNTY, 22ND JUDICIAL DISTRICT NO. 13-1873, HONORABLE R. BRUCE BOYER, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The Texas Department of Public Safety brings a restricted appeal of an expunction
order in favor of J.W.D. In one issue, the Department contends that J.W.D. was not entitled to have
his record expunged because the face of the record establishes that his arrest for driving while
intoxicated resulted in a final conviction of reckless driving. We will reverse the trial court’s order
expunging the records related to J.W.D.’s June 28, 2011 arrest.
BACKGROUND
On June 28, 2011, J.W.D. was stopped while driving 100 miles per hour down
Interstate Highway 35 in Hays County. He was arrested and charged with driving while intoxicated.
Pursuant to a plea bargain, the driving-while-intoxicated charge was dismissed in exchange for
J.W.D.’s pleading no contest to reckless driving. He was convicted of the offense of reckless driving
and was ordered to pay a $200 fine and spend two days in Hays County jail. In August 2013 J.W.D.
filed a petition seeking an order expunging all records and files concerning his June 28, 2011 arrest pursuant to article 55.01(a) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc.
art. 55.01(a).
The Hays County District Attorney and the Department filed answers opposing
the expunction on the ground that J.W.D. had been convicted of reckless driving as a result
of the June 28, 2011 arrest and, therefore, did not meet one of the statutory requirements for
expunction—that the charges against him have not resulted in a final conviction. Id. The trial court
held a hearing on the expunction petition. The Hays County District Attorney, represented by an
assistant district attorney, participated in the expunction hearing, but the Department did not
participate either in person or through counsel. The trial court granted the expunction petition and
signed an order expunging all records and files concerning J.W.D.’s June 28, 2011 arrest.
Thereafter, the Department filed this restricted appeal.
DISCUSSION
A restricted appeal is a direct attack on a judgment. Roventini v. Ocular Scis., Inc.,
111 S.W.3d 719, 721 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, no pet.). To prevail on its restricted
appeal, the Department must establish that: (1) it filed notice of the restricted appeal within
six months after the judgment was signed; (2) it was a party to the underlying lawsuit; (3) it did not
participate in the hearing that resulted in the judgment complained of and did not timely file any
postjudgment motions or requests for findings of fact and conclusions of law; and (4) error is
apparent on the face of the record. See Tex. R. App. P. 26.1(c), 30; Alexander v. Lynda’s Boutique,
134 S.W.3d 845, 848 (Tex. 2004); Quaestor Invs., Inc. v. State of Chiapas, 997 S.W.2d 226, 227
(Tex. 1999). Only the third and fourth elements are at issue here.
2 We first address J.W.D.’s argument that the Department has not established that it
did not participate in the hearing that resulted in the expunction order. Citing no authority, J.W.D.
asserts that because the Department was served with a petition, filed an answer, had notice of
the expunction hearing, and received records related to the case from the Hays County Clerk, its
failure to attend the expunction hearing does not satisfy the requirement that it did not participate
in the hearing. To determine whether the Department meets the nonparticipation requirement of a
restricted appeal, we consider whether it took part in the decision-making event that resulted in
the expunction order complained of. It is the fact of non-participation, not the reason for it, that
determines a person’s right to pursue a restricted appeal. Texaco, Inc. v. Central Power & Light Co.,
925 S.W.2d 586, 590 (Tex. 1996). Courts construe the nonparticipation requirement liberally in
favor of a right to appeal. Stubbs v. Stubbs, 685 S.W.2d 643, 645 (Tex. 1985). Here, the record
affirmatively shows that the Department did not appear at or otherwise participate in the expunction
hearing, nor did any party or counsel purporting to act on its behalf. The fact that the Department
had filed an answer and had notice of the hearing does not alter the fact that the Department did not
participate in the actual decision-making event from which the expunction order resulted. See, e.g.,
Rivero v. Blue Keel Funding, L.L.C., 127 S.W.3d 421, 424 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.)
(defendant who filed answer, was served with requests for admissions, and had notice of
motion for summary judgment but did not respond to or appear at summary-judgment hearing met
nonparticipation requirement). We hold that the Department met the nonparticipation requirement
for a restricted appeal.
We next consider whether there is error apparent on the face of the record. In a
restricted appeal we are limited to considering only the face of the record, but our scope of review is
otherwise the same as that in an ordinary appeal; accordingly, we review the entire case. Texas Dep’t
3 of Pub. Safety v. Jacobs, 250 S.W.3d 209, 210 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.). In a restricted
appeal, the face of the record consists of all papers on file in the appeal and that were before the
trial court, including any reporter’s record. Id. Our review of the entire case, then, encompasses
the “review of legal and factual insufficiency claims.” Norman Commc’ns v. Texas Eastman Co.,
955 S.W.2d 269, 270 (Tex. 1997) (per curiam); Jacobs, 250 S.W.3d at 210.
The remedy of expunction is available if the petitioner establishes that he meets
the statutory requirements set forth in Texas Code of Criminal Procedure article 55.01(a), which
provides, in relevant part:
(a) A person who has been placed under a custodial or noncustodial arrest for commission of either a felony or misdemeanor is entitled to have all records and files relating to the arrest expunged if:
...
(2) the person has been released and the charge, if any, has not resulted in a final conviction and is no longer pending and there was no court-ordered community supervision under Article 42.12 for the offense, unless the offense is a Class C misdemeanor, provided that:
(A) regardless of whether any statute of limitations exists for the offense and whether any limitations period for the offense has expired, an indictment or information charging the person with the commission of a misdemeanor offense . . .
(i) has not been presented against the person at any time following the arrest ...
. . .
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-14-00101-CV
The Texas Department of Public Safety, Appellant
v.
J. W. D., Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF HAYS COUNTY, 22ND JUDICIAL DISTRICT NO. 13-1873, HONORABLE R. BRUCE BOYER, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The Texas Department of Public Safety brings a restricted appeal of an expunction
order in favor of J.W.D. In one issue, the Department contends that J.W.D. was not entitled to have
his record expunged because the face of the record establishes that his arrest for driving while
intoxicated resulted in a final conviction of reckless driving. We will reverse the trial court’s order
expunging the records related to J.W.D.’s June 28, 2011 arrest.
BACKGROUND
On June 28, 2011, J.W.D. was stopped while driving 100 miles per hour down
Interstate Highway 35 in Hays County. He was arrested and charged with driving while intoxicated.
Pursuant to a plea bargain, the driving-while-intoxicated charge was dismissed in exchange for
J.W.D.’s pleading no contest to reckless driving. He was convicted of the offense of reckless driving
and was ordered to pay a $200 fine and spend two days in Hays County jail. In August 2013 J.W.D.
filed a petition seeking an order expunging all records and files concerning his June 28, 2011 arrest pursuant to article 55.01(a) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc.
art. 55.01(a).
The Hays County District Attorney and the Department filed answers opposing
the expunction on the ground that J.W.D. had been convicted of reckless driving as a result
of the June 28, 2011 arrest and, therefore, did not meet one of the statutory requirements for
expunction—that the charges against him have not resulted in a final conviction. Id. The trial court
held a hearing on the expunction petition. The Hays County District Attorney, represented by an
assistant district attorney, participated in the expunction hearing, but the Department did not
participate either in person or through counsel. The trial court granted the expunction petition and
signed an order expunging all records and files concerning J.W.D.’s June 28, 2011 arrest.
Thereafter, the Department filed this restricted appeal.
DISCUSSION
A restricted appeal is a direct attack on a judgment. Roventini v. Ocular Scis., Inc.,
111 S.W.3d 719, 721 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, no pet.). To prevail on its restricted
appeal, the Department must establish that: (1) it filed notice of the restricted appeal within
six months after the judgment was signed; (2) it was a party to the underlying lawsuit; (3) it did not
participate in the hearing that resulted in the judgment complained of and did not timely file any
postjudgment motions or requests for findings of fact and conclusions of law; and (4) error is
apparent on the face of the record. See Tex. R. App. P. 26.1(c), 30; Alexander v. Lynda’s Boutique,
134 S.W.3d 845, 848 (Tex. 2004); Quaestor Invs., Inc. v. State of Chiapas, 997 S.W.2d 226, 227
(Tex. 1999). Only the third and fourth elements are at issue here.
2 We first address J.W.D.’s argument that the Department has not established that it
did not participate in the hearing that resulted in the expunction order. Citing no authority, J.W.D.
asserts that because the Department was served with a petition, filed an answer, had notice of
the expunction hearing, and received records related to the case from the Hays County Clerk, its
failure to attend the expunction hearing does not satisfy the requirement that it did not participate
in the hearing. To determine whether the Department meets the nonparticipation requirement of a
restricted appeal, we consider whether it took part in the decision-making event that resulted in
the expunction order complained of. It is the fact of non-participation, not the reason for it, that
determines a person’s right to pursue a restricted appeal. Texaco, Inc. v. Central Power & Light Co.,
925 S.W.2d 586, 590 (Tex. 1996). Courts construe the nonparticipation requirement liberally in
favor of a right to appeal. Stubbs v. Stubbs, 685 S.W.2d 643, 645 (Tex. 1985). Here, the record
affirmatively shows that the Department did not appear at or otherwise participate in the expunction
hearing, nor did any party or counsel purporting to act on its behalf. The fact that the Department
had filed an answer and had notice of the hearing does not alter the fact that the Department did not
participate in the actual decision-making event from which the expunction order resulted. See, e.g.,
Rivero v. Blue Keel Funding, L.L.C., 127 S.W.3d 421, 424 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, no pet.)
(defendant who filed answer, was served with requests for admissions, and had notice of
motion for summary judgment but did not respond to or appear at summary-judgment hearing met
nonparticipation requirement). We hold that the Department met the nonparticipation requirement
for a restricted appeal.
We next consider whether there is error apparent on the face of the record. In a
restricted appeal we are limited to considering only the face of the record, but our scope of review is
otherwise the same as that in an ordinary appeal; accordingly, we review the entire case. Texas Dep’t
3 of Pub. Safety v. Jacobs, 250 S.W.3d 209, 210 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.). In a restricted
appeal, the face of the record consists of all papers on file in the appeal and that were before the
trial court, including any reporter’s record. Id. Our review of the entire case, then, encompasses
the “review of legal and factual insufficiency claims.” Norman Commc’ns v. Texas Eastman Co.,
955 S.W.2d 269, 270 (Tex. 1997) (per curiam); Jacobs, 250 S.W.3d at 210.
The remedy of expunction is available if the petitioner establishes that he meets
the statutory requirements set forth in Texas Code of Criminal Procedure article 55.01(a), which
provides, in relevant part:
(a) A person who has been placed under a custodial or noncustodial arrest for commission of either a felony or misdemeanor is entitled to have all records and files relating to the arrest expunged if:
...
(2) the person has been released and the charge, if any, has not resulted in a final conviction and is no longer pending and there was no court-ordered community supervision under Article 42.12 for the offense, unless the offense is a Class C misdemeanor, provided that:
(A) regardless of whether any statute of limitations exists for the offense and whether any limitations period for the offense has expired, an indictment or information charging the person with the commission of a misdemeanor offense . . .
(i) has not been presented against the person at any time following the arrest ...
. . . or
(ii) if presented at any time following the arrest, was dismissed or quashed, and the court finds that the indictment or information was dismissed or quashed because the person completed a pretrial intervention program . . . [or] because the presentment had been made because of mistake, false information, or other similar reason indicating absence of probable cause at the time of the dismissal to believe the person committed the offense, or because the indictment or information was void, or
4 (B) prosecution of the person for the offense for which the person was arrested is no longer possible because the limitations period has expired.
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 55.01 (emphases added). Thus, to be entitled to expunction based on
dismissal under subarticle (a)(2), J.W.D. was required to first prove that (1) he has been released;
(2) the charge, if any, has not resulted in a final conviction; (3) the charge, if any, is no longer
pending; and (4) there was no court-ordered community supervision under article 42.12 of the
Texas Code of Criminal Procedure for the offense. Id. art. 55.01(a)(2). The Department contends
that there is error on the face of the record because it affirmatively shows that J.W.D. did not meet
the second of these requirements for expunction of the June 28, 2011 arrest. The Department asserts
that the apparent error is that J.W.D.’s arrest resulted in a final conviction for reckless driving and
that he was therefore not entitled to expunction under article 55.01(a)(2). We agree.
The record affirmatively shows that J.W.D. was arrested on June 28, 2011, after being
stopped for driving 100 miles an hour down Interstate Highway 35. As a result of that arrest, J.W.D.
was charged with driving while intoxicated. The driving-while-intoxicated charge against J.W.D.
was dismissed pursuant to a plea bargain with the State. J.W.D. pleaded no contest to the charge
of reckless driving, and the trial court rendered a judgment of conviction for that offense. It is
undisputed that the reckless-driving charge arose from the same conduct for which J.W.D. was
arrested and charged with driving while intoxicated. The clerk’s record contains a copy of the
judgment of conviction. The judgment states that J.W.D. pleaded no contest to the charge of
reckless driving as alleged in the information and that the trial court adjudicated him guilty of that
offense and assessed punishment at a $200 fine and two days’ confinement in the Hays County jail.
Thus, the face of the record establishes that J.W.D. was not entitled to have any arrest records
relating to his June 28, 2011 arrest expunged. See Texas Dep’t of Pub. Safety v. G.B.E., ___ S.W.3d
5 ___, at ___, 2014 WL 1165854, at * 6 (Tex. App.—Austin Mar. 20, 2014, pet. denied) (“[A] person
is not entitled to have any arrest records arising from a multi-charge arrest expunged under
article 55.01(a)(2) when (1) one or more charges result in a conviction (for that particular charge)
and (2) any remaining charge is dismissed, but that dismissal results in a final conviction of any
charge arising from the same arrest.”); In re A.G., 417 S.W.3d 652, 655 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2013,
no pet.) (reversing trial court’s grant of expunction of DWI charge, concluding that petitioner failed
to show that charge had not resulted in final conviction under article 55.01 because petitioner
pleaded guilty to reckless driving). Because the Department has established error on the face of the
record, we sustain its appellate issue.
CONCLUSION
Because he was convicted of the offense of reckless driving arising from the same
conduct for which he was arrested and charged with driving while intoxicated on June 28, 2011,
J.W.D. is not entitled to expunction of any arrest records relating to his June 28, 2011 arrest for
driving while intoxicated. We reverse the trial court’s order granting expunction and render
judgment denying the petition to expunge the records related to J.W.D.’s June 28, 2011 arrest.
_____________________________________________
J. Woodfin Jones, Chief Justice
Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Rose and Goodwin
Reversed and Rendered
Filed: December 31, 2014