The Tarrant County Republican Party v. Chris Rector

• Court: Court of Appeals of Texas
• Decided: October 21, 2024
• Docket: 07-24-00240-CV
• Status: Published

Opinion

In The Court of Appeals Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo

No. 07-24-00240-CV

THE TARRANT COUNTY REPUBLICAN PARTY, APPELLANT

V.

CHRIS RECTOR, APPELLEE

On Appeal from the 141st District Court Tarrant County, Texas Trial Court No. 141-351825-24, Honorable Sydney Hewlett, Presiding

October 21, 2024 MEMORANDUM OPINION 1 Before QUINN, C.J., and PARKER and YARBROUGH, JJ.

Before us is an Emily Litella moment. 2 After Chris Rector 1) commenced his

election contest, 2) named the Tarrant County Republican Party (Tarrant) as one of two

parties or contestees, 3) caused it to appear and move for dismissal under the Texas

1 This appeal having been transferred from the Second Court of Appeals, we are bound by its

authority should it conflict with that of the Seventh Court of Appeals. TEX. R. APP. P. 41.3. 2 Saturday Night Live: Weekend Update (NBC television broadcast Dec. 13, 1975) (played by Gilda

Radner). Citizens Participation Act (TCPA), and 4) required the trial court to expend finite judicial

resources by convening an evidentiary hearing, he now says, “Never mind.” He does this

by conceding that Tarrant was an improper party to the election contest, and, therefore,

the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over the aspect of the contest directed at

Tarrant. And, though the trial court dismissed Tarrant from the proceeding on

jurisdictional grounds while denying Tarrant’s TCPA motion, Tarrant appealed. It argues

before us that the trial court erred in denying the motion despite lacking subject-matter

jurisdiction over the election contest. To further confuse matters, Rector moves us to

dismiss the appeal, contending that the order denying the TCPA motion was void due to

the absence of jurisdiction. Being void, in his estimation, means there exists no order

from which to perfect an appeal. We deny the motion to dismiss, affirm that portion of the

trial court order dismissing Tarrant for want of jurisdiction, and modify that portion of the

order denying the TCPA motion to read that action upon the motion is moot.

Jurisdiction over Appeal

We begin with Rector’s motion to dismiss the appeal. Again, the latter arose from

the trial court’s denial of Tarrant’s TCPA motion. Statute provides that a “person may

appeal from an interlocutory order of a district court, county court at law, statutory probate

court, or county court that . . . denies a motion to dismiss filed under Section 27.003” of

the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN.

§ 51.014(a)(12). That Tarrant moved for its dismissal from the election contest under

§ 27.003 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code is unquestionable. That the trial court

expressly “denied” said motion is similarly unquestionable. Thus, we have jurisdiction

over the appeal per § 51.14(a)(12) and deny Rector’s motion to dismiss.

2 Appeal

We next turn to Tarrant’s appeal. No one disputes Tarrant’s status as an improper

party in the election contest. Nor does it contend that the trial court incorrectly found the

absence of subject-matter jurisdiction. 3 Indeed, it sought dismissal for such reason via

the TCPA motion. There, we find its contentions that 1) “[f]irst, categorically, [Tarrant] is

not a proper contestee”; 2) “[u]nder TEX. ELEC. CODE § 232.003, the general rule is that a

contestee in an election is the opposing candidate”; and 3) “under TEX. ELEC. CODE

§ 232.004 there is no authority to name the Tarrant County Republican Party as a

contestee.” Like arguments appear in its appellant’s brief. Such is exemplified by the

assertions that 1) a court’s jurisdiction in an election contest is limited to such subjects or

grounds of contest as are expressly or impliedly authorized by the Election Code; 2)

Rector had no authority to name the Tarrant County Republican Party as a substitute

contestee under the Election Code; and 3) “[c]onsequently, the trial court did not have

any statutory jurisdiction to hear Rector’s claims.”

Instead, we hear Tarrant posit that despite the absence of subject-matter

jurisdiction, the trial court not only had the obligation to act upon the TCPA motion but

also erred in denying it. 4 With that we disagree.

3 Strict compliance with the requirements of the Texas Election Code is necessary to invoke the

district court’s jurisdiction to decide an election contest. See Mendez v. City of Amarillo, No. 07-07-0207- CV, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS 4868, at *4 (Tex. App.—Amarillo June 30, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op.). In naming Tarrant as a contestee in his suit when the Election Code excluded it from that category, Rector failed to comply with the election code’s requirements. See id. at *4–5; see also TEX. ELEC. CODE ANN. § 232.003 (a) (1)–(3) (designating the contestees as the opposing candidate or candidates), § 232.004(a) (naming the final canvassing officer as a substitute contestee). That being so, the trial court lacked jurisdiction to try Rector’s election contest. 4 It seems rather clear that Tarrant cares to pursue the TCPA motion as a means of securing

attorney’s fees, costs, and sanctions. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 27.009(a) (involving the award of court costs, attorney’s fees, and sanctions when dismissal occurs under the Act).

3 There can be no doubt that the trial court eschewed dismissing Tarrant under the

auspices of § 27.003 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code. Its own words illustrate

as much. At the hearing it said: “I find that [Tarrant, i.e., the Party] . . . is not a statutory

authorized party to this election contest. The challenge to jurisdiction over a party is

not a TCPA issue. So I find that the Party is an improper party, and I dismiss the Party

as a party to the suit.” (Emphasis added). Yet, upon finding the absence of jurisdiction,

it nonetheless “denied” the TCPA motion. There is where the court went astray.

Recently, our Supreme Court faced a somewhat similar set of circumstances in

Diocese of Lubbock v. Guerrero, 624 S.W.3d 563 (Tex. 2021) (per curiam). Like us, the

Court also had before it a question of subject-matter jurisdiction and a TCPA motion. It

had found that the ecclesiastical abstention doctrine deprived the trial court of jurisdiction

over Guerrero’s suit. Id. at 564. But, it was faced with the question of whether to consider

the trial court’s action viz-a-viz the TCPA motion; the trial court had denied the latter. In

resolving the conundrum, the Court said: “[i]nasmuch as the trial court lacks jurisdiction

to proceed in the underlying litigation, the collateral matters under the TCPA asserted in

this interlocutory appeal are moot. ‘If the trial court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, the

appellate court can make no order other than reversing the judgment of the court below

and dismissing the cause.’” Id. (quoting Garland v. Louton, 691 S.W.2d 603 (Tex. 1985)

(per curiam)). In other words, the absence of subject-matter jurisdiction barred the trial

court from acting upon the TCPA motion. Heeding those words here meant that the trial

court had no option but to stop and dismiss that portion of the election contest against

Tarrant. The pending TCPA motion and what to do with it became moot. See Hous.

Forensic Sci. Ctr., Inc. v. Barette, No. 01-19-00129-CV, 2019 Tex. App. LEXIS 9744, at

4 *6-7 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 7, 2019, no pet.) (mem. op.) (concluding that,

when the trial court lacked jurisdiction over a defendant based on immunity, the trial court

also lacked jurisdiction to act on that party’s TCPA motion to dismiss); accord Johnson v.

Johnson, No. 04-19-00500-CV, 2020 Tex. App. LEXIS 334, at *11–12 (Tex. App.—San

Antonio Jan. 15, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op.) (stating that because the statutory probate

court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over the tort case there involved, it also lacked

jurisdiction to dismiss the tort case under the TCPA).

Tarrant would have us rule otherwise. It invites us to follow a course blazed by

sister courts of appeals indicating that a trial court could act upon a TCPA motion despite

the absence of subject-matter jurisdiction over the underlying controversy. See, e.g., De

La Torre v. De La Torre, 613 S.W.3d 307, 314 (Tex. App.—Austin 2020, no pet.) (holding

that “the TCPA, like the statutes and rules governing the awards at issue in those cases,

authorizes an award of fees and sanctions where a litigant successfully challenges a legal

action on jurisdictional grounds”); Holcomb v. Waller Cnty., 546 S.W.3d 833, 841–42

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2018, pet. denied) (remanding the appeal to the trial court

for the assessment of attorney’s fees and costs under the TCPA despite the absence of

subject-matter jurisdiction over the underlying cause of action). Yet, De La Torre and

Holcomb issued before the advent of Diocese of Lubbock. And, our being constrained to

heed rulings of the Supreme Court, we decline Tarrant’s invitation. 5 The TCPA motion

became moot.

5 Of course, the Supreme Court may care to clarify whether in Diocese of Lubbock it expressly

intended to foreclose the assessment of attorney’s fees, costs, and sanctions under the TCPA in situations like that here or in Diocese of Lubbock. But, the words it uttered in Diocese of Lubbock do not provide us room to escape its holding.

5 Nor do we ignore Tarrant’s reference to Supreme Court authority indicating that a

trial court may levy sanctions against one for pursuing frivolous litigation despite the

absence of jurisdiction over the underlying suit. See Unifund CCR Partners v. Villa, 299

S.W.3d 92, 95 (Tex. 2009). Unifund dealt with an award of sanctions under § 10.02 of

the Civil Practice and Remedies Code and Unifund suing to collect a debt discharged in

bankruptcy. Id. at 94; see TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN., § 10.02(a)–(b) (describing

the procedure for obtaining sanctions when the certifications within § 10.01 of the same

Code are violated). The trial court levied them, resulting in Unifund appealing the

decision. Before the Supreme Court it argued, among other things, that “the trial court

did not have jurisdiction over the questions presented in Villa’s motion for sanctions

because the bankruptcy court has exclusive jurisdiction over the issues of whether Villa’s

debt was discharged and whether Unifund violated the bankruptcy discharge order.”

Unifund, 299 S.W.3d at 94. The Court rejected the contention. It explained that “the

sanctions were not based on Unifund’s violation of the bankruptcy order” but rather “Villa’s

motion and the trial court’s sanctions order were based on chapter 10 of the Civil Practice

and Remedies Code and Unifund’s failure to make reasonable inquiry after it had

knowledge of Villa’s bankruptcy discharge.” Id. at 95. In other words, the trial court was

not called upon to adjudicate a matter outside its jurisdiction as a condition to awarding

sanctions. The same cannot be said here, though.

To legitimize the assessment of sanctions and fees under the provisions of the

TCPA, the trial court would necessarily have to determine if the provisions of the TCPA

applied to Rector’s election contest. There being no jurisdiction over that portion of the

election contest encompassing Tarrant, consideration of the TCPA’s application to the

6 suit became moot, per Diocese of Lubbock. Because the issue became moot, the trial

court lacked jurisdiction to render the advisory opinion implicit in applying the TCPA to

the circumstances. In short, to apply the sanctions provisions of the TCPA would be to

first apply its other provisions, but applying its other provisions became moot per Diocese

of Lubbock. 6

Accordingly, we overrule Tarrant’s issue and affirm the trial court’s order

dismissing Tarrant for want of jurisdiction. Next, we modify that portion of the same order

to read that Tarrant’s motion under the Texas Citizens Participation Act became moot

given the aforementioned want of jurisdiction.

Brian Quinn Chief Justice

6 We do not address whether Tarrant or the trial court may, at this juncture, act upon § 10.02 of the

Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code per Unifund, given the interlocutory nature of this appeal.