FILED 2014 IL App (4th) 130700 September 4, 2014 Carla Bender NO. 4-13-0700 th 4 District Appellate Court, IL IN THE APPELLATE COURT
OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS ) Appeal from ex rel. THE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ) Circuit Court of CORRECTIONS, ) Logan County Plaintiff-Appellee, ) No. 13MR28 v. ) JOHNNIE MELTON, ) Honorable Defendant-Appellant. ) William A. Yoder, ) Judge Presiding.
JUSTICE TURNER delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Justices Pope and Holder White concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 In February 2013, plaintiff, the People of the State of Illinois ex rel. the Director
of the Department of Corrections (hereinafter, the State), filed a complaint against defendant,
Johnnie Melton, for reimbursement of costs incurred by his incarceration. In May 2013, the trial
court found the State was entitled to judgment in the amount of $19,925.89. In June 2013,
defendant filed a pro se motion to reconsider, which the court denied.
¶2 On appeal, defendant argues he was denied his right to due process and the
effective assistance of counsel. We affirm.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 In February 2013, the State, by the Illinois Attorney General, filed a complaint
against defendant, an inmate at Logan Correctional Center. The complaint alleged the
Department of Corrections provided care, custody, treatment, or rehabilitation for defendant from October 28, 2011, through January 8, 2013, in the sum of $19,925.89. Pursuant to section
3-7-6(d) of the Unified Code of Corrections (Unified Code) (730 ILCS 5/3-7-6(d) (West 2012)),
the State sought reimbursement for the expenses incurred by defendant's incarceration. The State
alleged defendant had assets that could satisfy all or part of a judgment.
¶5 The State also filed a motion for order for attachment pursuant to section 4-101
of the Code of Civil Procedure (Procedure Code) (735 ILCS 5/4-101 (West 2012)). The trial
court entered the order, directing the trust fund at Logan Correctional Center to hold any of
defendant's property up to the amount of $19,925.89 until further order.
¶6 In May 2013, defense counsel filed an answer, arguing defendant's trust account
was traceable to an award for the wrongful death of his mother and exempt from attachment.
The trial court found the State was entitled to judgment in the amount of $19,925.89 for the
period of defendant's incarceration from October 28, 2011, through January 8, 2013. The court
also ordered the funds held pursuant to the order for attachment be distributed to the Department
of Corrections.
¶7 In June 2013, defendant filed a pro se motion to reconsider, raising issues as to
the assistance of counsel and the "squalid" and "unsafe" living conditions at the prison.
Thereafter, defense counsel filed a motion to withdraw. In August 2013, the trial court denied
defendant's motion to reconsider. This appeal followed.
¶8 II. ANALYSIS
¶9 A. Procedural Due Process
¶ 10 Defendant argues he was deprived of procedural due process when the trial court
granted the State's request for an order of prejudgment attachment of assets in his trust account
without advance notice or a hearing. We disagree.
-2- ¶ 11 Under the Unified Code, the State has the right to seek reimbursement from
prisoners for the cost of their incarceration. 730 ILCS 5/3-7-6(a) (West 2012). Our supreme
court has noted "section 3-7-6(a) creates a broad liability for all committed persons to reimburse
the Department [of Corrections]." People ex rel. Illinois Department of Corrections v. Hawkins,
2011 IL 110792, ¶ 25, 952 N.E.2d 624. Section 3-7-6(d) states, as follows:
"The Director [of the Department of Corrections], or the Director's
designee, may, when he or she knows or reasonably believes that a
committed person, or the estate of that person, has assets which
may be used to satisfy all or part of a judgment rendered under this
Act *** provide for the forwarding to the Attorney General of a
report on the committed person and that report shall contain a
completed form under subsection (a-5) together with all other
information available concerning the assets of the committed
person and an estimate of the total expenses for that committed
person, and authorize the Attorney General to institute proceedings
to require the persons, or the estates of the persons, to reimburse
the Department for the expenses incurred by their incarceration."
730 ILCS 5/3-7-6(d) (West 2012).
"When the state succeeds in obtaining a judgment against a person for the costs of his or her
incarceration, the assets it can reach to satisfy that judgment are extensive." People ex rel.
Director of Corrections v. Booth, 215 Ill. 2d 416, 419, 830 N.E.2d 569, 570 (2005) (citing 730
ILCS 5/3-7-6(e)(3) (West 2002)).
¶ 12 In the case sub judice, defendant argues the trial court's decision granting the
-3- State's motion for an order of attachment without prior notice or a hearing violated his right to
procedural due process. "Attachment is a pretrial remedy wherein a defendant's property is
seized and held until the rights of the parties are determined in the principal action. [Citation.]
The purpose of attachment is to permit a creditor to secure and hold a debtor's property to satisfy
a debt which the creditor hopes to prove." Starr v. Gay, 354 Ill. App. 3d 610, 615, 822 N.E.2d
89, 93-94 (2004). Section 4-101 of the Procedure Code permits attachment in 11 specific
circumstances, including "[w]hen the debtor is referred by the Department of Corrections to the
Attorney General under Section 3-7-6 of the [Unified Code] to recover the expenses incurred as
a result of that debtor's cost of incarceration." 735 ILCS 5/4-101 (West 2012).
¶ 13 The United States Supreme Court has noted due process "is a flexible concept that
varies with the particular situation." Zinermon v. Burch, 494 U.S. 113, 127 (1990). The Court
has "held that some form of hearing is required before an individual is finally deprived of a
property interest." (Emphasis added.) Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 333 (1976). While
the fundamental requirement of due process centers on the opportunity to be heard "at a
meaningful time and in a meaningful manner" (Armstrong v. Manzo, 380 U.S. 545, 552 (1965)),
the Supreme Court has rejected the notion that the state must always provide a hearing prior to
the deprivation of property (Zinermon, 494 U.S. at 128). See also Mitchell v. W. T. Grant Co.,
416 U.S. 600, 608-10 (1974) (finding a predeprivation notice and hearing are not always
required for an attachment statute to satisfy due process). Instead, the Supreme Court has found
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FILED 2014 IL App (4th) 130700 September 4, 2014 Carla Bender NO. 4-13-0700 th 4 District Appellate Court, IL IN THE APPELLATE COURT
OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS ) Appeal from ex rel. THE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ) Circuit Court of CORRECTIONS, ) Logan County Plaintiff-Appellee, ) No. 13MR28 v. ) JOHNNIE MELTON, ) Honorable Defendant-Appellant. ) William A. Yoder, ) Judge Presiding.
JUSTICE TURNER delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Justices Pope and Holder White concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 In February 2013, plaintiff, the People of the State of Illinois ex rel. the Director
of the Department of Corrections (hereinafter, the State), filed a complaint against defendant,
Johnnie Melton, for reimbursement of costs incurred by his incarceration. In May 2013, the trial
court found the State was entitled to judgment in the amount of $19,925.89. In June 2013,
defendant filed a pro se motion to reconsider, which the court denied.
¶2 On appeal, defendant argues he was denied his right to due process and the
effective assistance of counsel. We affirm.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 In February 2013, the State, by the Illinois Attorney General, filed a complaint
against defendant, an inmate at Logan Correctional Center. The complaint alleged the
Department of Corrections provided care, custody, treatment, or rehabilitation for defendant from October 28, 2011, through January 8, 2013, in the sum of $19,925.89. Pursuant to section
3-7-6(d) of the Unified Code of Corrections (Unified Code) (730 ILCS 5/3-7-6(d) (West 2012)),
the State sought reimbursement for the expenses incurred by defendant's incarceration. The State
alleged defendant had assets that could satisfy all or part of a judgment.
¶5 The State also filed a motion for order for attachment pursuant to section 4-101
of the Code of Civil Procedure (Procedure Code) (735 ILCS 5/4-101 (West 2012)). The trial
court entered the order, directing the trust fund at Logan Correctional Center to hold any of
defendant's property up to the amount of $19,925.89 until further order.
¶6 In May 2013, defense counsel filed an answer, arguing defendant's trust account
was traceable to an award for the wrongful death of his mother and exempt from attachment.
The trial court found the State was entitled to judgment in the amount of $19,925.89 for the
period of defendant's incarceration from October 28, 2011, through January 8, 2013. The court
also ordered the funds held pursuant to the order for attachment be distributed to the Department
of Corrections.
¶7 In June 2013, defendant filed a pro se motion to reconsider, raising issues as to
the assistance of counsel and the "squalid" and "unsafe" living conditions at the prison.
Thereafter, defense counsel filed a motion to withdraw. In August 2013, the trial court denied
defendant's motion to reconsider. This appeal followed.
¶8 II. ANALYSIS
¶9 A. Procedural Due Process
¶ 10 Defendant argues he was deprived of procedural due process when the trial court
granted the State's request for an order of prejudgment attachment of assets in his trust account
without advance notice or a hearing. We disagree.
-2- ¶ 11 Under the Unified Code, the State has the right to seek reimbursement from
prisoners for the cost of their incarceration. 730 ILCS 5/3-7-6(a) (West 2012). Our supreme
court has noted "section 3-7-6(a) creates a broad liability for all committed persons to reimburse
the Department [of Corrections]." People ex rel. Illinois Department of Corrections v. Hawkins,
2011 IL 110792, ¶ 25, 952 N.E.2d 624. Section 3-7-6(d) states, as follows:
"The Director [of the Department of Corrections], or the Director's
designee, may, when he or she knows or reasonably believes that a
committed person, or the estate of that person, has assets which
may be used to satisfy all or part of a judgment rendered under this
Act *** provide for the forwarding to the Attorney General of a
report on the committed person and that report shall contain a
completed form under subsection (a-5) together with all other
information available concerning the assets of the committed
person and an estimate of the total expenses for that committed
person, and authorize the Attorney General to institute proceedings
to require the persons, or the estates of the persons, to reimburse
the Department for the expenses incurred by their incarceration."
730 ILCS 5/3-7-6(d) (West 2012).
"When the state succeeds in obtaining a judgment against a person for the costs of his or her
incarceration, the assets it can reach to satisfy that judgment are extensive." People ex rel.
Director of Corrections v. Booth, 215 Ill. 2d 416, 419, 830 N.E.2d 569, 570 (2005) (citing 730
ILCS 5/3-7-6(e)(3) (West 2002)).
¶ 12 In the case sub judice, defendant argues the trial court's decision granting the
-3- State's motion for an order of attachment without prior notice or a hearing violated his right to
procedural due process. "Attachment is a pretrial remedy wherein a defendant's property is
seized and held until the rights of the parties are determined in the principal action. [Citation.]
The purpose of attachment is to permit a creditor to secure and hold a debtor's property to satisfy
a debt which the creditor hopes to prove." Starr v. Gay, 354 Ill. App. 3d 610, 615, 822 N.E.2d
89, 93-94 (2004). Section 4-101 of the Procedure Code permits attachment in 11 specific
circumstances, including "[w]hen the debtor is referred by the Department of Corrections to the
Attorney General under Section 3-7-6 of the [Unified Code] to recover the expenses incurred as
a result of that debtor's cost of incarceration." 735 ILCS 5/4-101 (West 2012).
¶ 13 The United States Supreme Court has noted due process "is a flexible concept that
varies with the particular situation." Zinermon v. Burch, 494 U.S. 113, 127 (1990). The Court
has "held that some form of hearing is required before an individual is finally deprived of a
property interest." (Emphasis added.) Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 333 (1976). While
the fundamental requirement of due process centers on the opportunity to be heard "at a
meaningful time and in a meaningful manner" (Armstrong v. Manzo, 380 U.S. 545, 552 (1965)),
the Supreme Court has rejected the notion that the state must always provide a hearing prior to
the deprivation of property (Zinermon, 494 U.S. at 128). See also Mitchell v. W. T. Grant Co.,
416 U.S. 600, 608-10 (1974) (finding a predeprivation notice and hearing are not always
required for an attachment statute to satisfy due process). Instead, the Supreme Court has found
that in certain circumstances "a statutory provision for a postdeprivation hearing *** satisfies
due process." Zinermon, 494 U.S. at 128.
¶ 14 In regard to the attachment of property, section 4-114 of the Procedure Code
provides the service of an attachment order "shall be made as soon as possible after the entry of
-4- the order for attachment upon the property described in the order, but in no event later than 5
days thereafter." 735 ILCS 5/4-114 (West 2012). Also, section 4-137 of the Procedure Code
provides for a prompt hearing on the order for attachment upon a motion by the defendant. 735
ILCS 5/4-137 (West 2012).
¶ 15 We find defendant received all the process he was due in this case. In the context
of a prison-reimbursement action, the costs of advance notice outweigh the benefits. The goal of
requiring reimbursement seeks to shift the economic burden of incarceration from the public to
the prisoner. Preattachment notice and hearing in this context would enable the prisoner to
conceal, transfer, or otherwise dispose of the assets subject to garnishment prior to a final
judgment. See Mitchell, 416 U.S. at 609 (stating "[t]he danger of destruction or alienation
cannot be guarded against if notice and a hearing before seizure are supplied"); Lind v. Midland
Funding, L.L.C., 688 F.3d 402, 407-08 (8th Cir. 2012) (stating "postponing notice and hearing
until attachment has occurred generally serves a creditor's interest in preventing the waste or
concealment of a debtor's assets"). The opportunity to conceal funds is heightened in the digital
age, where assets can be transferred anywhere in the world at the click of a mouse.
¶ 16 We also note attachment does not constitute a permanent deprivation of a
prisoner's property. Instead, it preserves the status quo until such time as the action can be
adjudicated. The record indicates the February 2013 order of attachment was served on
defendant on the same day as it was entered. Defendant requested a hearing, and the trial court
conducted a hearing on the reimbursement issue in May 2013. As the requirements of notice and
postattachment hearing provided defendant the opportunity to contest his underlying liability and
the propriety of the attachment of certain property, we find no due-process violation.
¶ 17 B. Assistance of Counsel
-5- ¶ 18 Defendant argues the performance of defense counsel violated his sixth
amendment right to counsel because it fell below the standard of reasonableness required by
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 688, 687-88 (1984). However, the reimbursement action at
issue here is a civil matter (Department of Corrections ex rel. People of the State of Illinois v.
Adams, 278 Ill. App. 3d 803, 809, 663 N.E.2d 1145, 1149 (1996)), and a claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel under Strickland is ordinarily only available in criminal cases. See
Ameritech Publishing of Illinois, Inc. v. Hadyeh, 362 Ill. App. 3d 56, 60, 839 N.E.2d 625, 630
(2005) (stating the "[s]tandards applicable to claims of ineffective assistance of counsel do not
apply to a petitioner's claims of ineffective assistance of counsel in connection with a judgment
under the [Procedure Code], as they might in criminal proceedings"); In re D.B., 246 Ill. App. 3d
484, 492, 615 N.E.2d 1336, 1342 (1993). A narrow exception applies when a civil statute
expressly guarantees a civil litigant the right to counsel (In re Commitment of Dodge, 2013 IL
App (1st) 113603, ¶ 20, 989 N.E.2d 1159), but section 3-7-6 of the Procedure Code does not
provide for any such guarantee. Thus, defendant cannot rely on a claim of ineffective assistance
of counsel in this civil action.
¶ 19 C. Unrelated Claims
¶ 20 Defendant also raised unrelated complaints regarding his ability to create a bank
account and the living conditions in the Department of Corrections. However, such complaints
are not relevant to the reimbursement proceedings at issue here. First, defendant's ability to
create a bank account, and thereby deposit the wrongful-death funds, would not prevent the State
from seeking reimbursement for the cost of incarceration. Second, defendant's complaint about
living conditions does not exempt him from his statutory obligation to reimburse the Department
of Corrections for the costs of incarceration.
-6- ¶ 21 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 22 For the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court's judgment.
¶ 23 Affirmed.
-7-