1 2 3 4 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 6 WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON AT SEATTLE 7 8 THE HISTORY DEPARTMENT & CO, 9 Plaintiff, Case No. C20-5608 MLP 10 v. ORDER 11 JESSE MERTZ and Jane Doe Mertz and the martial community composed thereof, d/b/a 12 Falling Formulations, 13 Defendants. 14 I. INTRODUCTION 15 This matter is before the Court on Plaintiff’s motion for an order authorizing service by 16 alternate means. (Mot. (Dkt. # 5).) Having considered Plaintiff’s motion, the supporting 17 declarations, and the balance of the record, the Court recommends Plaintiff’s motion be 18 GRANTED, in part, and DENIED, in part, as explained below. 19 II. BACKGROUND 20 Plaintiff filed its complaint against Defendants for breach of contract, false 21 representations, and violation of the Consumer Protection Act on June 24, 2020. (Compl. (Dkt. # 22 1).) According to the complaint, Plaintiff entered into a contract for the production of certain 23 machines with Defendants Jesse and Jane Doe Mertz, who are a marital community and do 1 business as Falling Formations. (Id. at ¶¶ 1.2, 3.1.) The machines were to be made in the United 2 States and were represented to be made in the United States. (Id.) Plaintiff wired the sum of 3 $50,375.00 to Defendants’ bank account as payment in full for the machines. (Id. at ¶ 3.2.) 4 Plaintiff asserts the machines were in fact made in China despite being marketed as “Made in 5 America.” (Id. at ¶ 3.4.) Plaintiff was under contract to sell the machines to a third party,
6 however, because of the alleged misrepresentations and breach of contract, Plaintiff had to 7 purchase replacement machinery from another supplier. (Id. at ¶ 3.5.) 8 Since the filing of the complaint in June 2020, Plaintiff has been unsuccessful in 9 completing service of process on Defendants. (Mot. at 2.) Plaintiff asserts it did business with 10 Defendants exclusively via the internet, phone, email, and text messages, including wiring the 11 money for the machines. (Mot. at 3; Keenan Decl. (Dkt. # 6) at ¶ 2.) Plaintiff asserts Defendants 12 have no specific physical place to be served, however, Plaintiff did attempt to serve Defendants 13 at their last known address that is listed on Falling Formations’ invoices: 8604 Marie St. SE, 14 Olympia, Washington 98501-9619 (the “Olympia Address”). (Mot. at 2-3.)
15 Prior to arranging for process of service, Plaintiff searched the Secretary of State 16 corporation records for Falling Formulations and learned it was formed on April 8, 2020. 17 (Bainter Decl. (Dkt. # 7) at ¶¶ 1-2.) The Olympia Address is listed as both the street address and 18 mailing address on the Certificate of Formation, and the email address for the business is listed 19 as jesse@fallingformulations.com, which is the email address Plaintiff proposes to use for 20 service in the instant motion. (Id., Ex. A.) Plaintiff also conducted an internet search using the 21 Olympia Address and Defendant Jesse Mertz’s name and found he was listed as the owner of 22 undeveloped land in Rochester, Washington. (Keenan Decl. at ¶ 5, Ex. B.) The Thurston County 23 1 Assessor’s records lists the owner and taxpayer of that property as Defendant Jesse Mertz and 2 lists his address as the Olympia Address. (Id.) 3 ABC Legal Services attempted to serve Defendants at the Olympia Address on July 1, 4 2020 and July 3, 2020, however, the attempts were unsuccessful because the property is 5 surrounded by a locked, gated fence with no access to the property. (Decl. of Non-Service (Dkt.
6 # 8).) According to the declaration of non-service, the names on the call/mailbox at this address 7 are Alice and Rob Lester, not Defendants. (Id.) Plaintiff also mailed a letter, two copies of the 8 Summons and Complaint, four copies of waivers of service of Summons, and a self-addressed 9 and stamped return envelope to Defendants at the Olympia Address on July 7, 2020. (Mot. at 2; 10 Bainter Decl. at ¶ 4, Ex. B.) Neither the mail nor the waivers of service were returned to 11 Plaintiff. (Mot. at 2; Bainter Decl. at ¶ 5.) Plaintiff also sent Defendants the instant motion, 12 proposed order, and supporting declarations to the Olympia Address and to 13 jesse@fallingformulations.com, which is the email Plaintiff used to communicate with 14 Defendant Jesse Mertz. (Service Decl. (Dkt. # 9).)
15 III. DISCUSSION 16 Plaintiff requests that it be authorized to serve Defendants by email, both through regular 17 email and email marked receipt requested, to jesse@fallingformulations.com, and to have a 18 process server post a copy of the Summons and Complaint at the front gate of the Olympia 19 Address. (See generally Mot.) Plaintiff asserts alternate service of process is warranted because 20 Defendants are evading service of process by traditional methods. (Id. at 2.) In support of its 21 argument, Plaintiff cites Rio Properties, Inc. v. Rio Int’l Interlink, 284 F.3d 1007 (9th Cir. 2002), 22 in which the court authorized alternative service, including via email, where the plaintiff made 23 multiple good faith yet unsuccessful attempts to serve the defendant and the defendant was 1 evading service of process. 284 F.3d at 1013. Plaintiff argues that because it did business with 2 Defendants through electronic means only, and because Defendants are evading service, service 3 by email should be permitted. (Id. at 3-4.) 4 Although the Rio court authorized alternative service via email, that case involved Rule 5 4(f)(3) which permits service abroad “by other means not prohibited by international agreement,
6 as the court orders.” The court interpreted Rule 4(f)(3) to allow service on foreign defendants by 7 email where the defendants were unreachable by other means or had no known physical address. 8 Rio Properties, Inc., 284 F.3d at 1017. The court found that to establish that service of process 9 by email is appropriate in a given case, a plaintiff must show that (1) international agreement 10 does not prohibit service by email; and (2) that service by email is “reasonably calculated to 11 provide actual notice” to the defendant. Id. at 1016, 1014. 12 Here, Plaintiff has not asserted that Defendants are abroad. Rather, Plaintiff provides 13 evidence showing Defendants list their address as being in Washington. Further, Plaintiff has not 14 presented evidence suggesting Defendants have left the state or country. Accordingly, the Court
15 does not rely on Rule 4(f)(3) or Rio Properties, Inc in its analysis. 16 Rule 4(e)(1) allows a plaintiff to effect service by “following state law for serving a 17 summons in an action brought in the courts of general jurisdiction in the state where the district 18 court is located or where service is made.” Washington Civil Rule (“CR”) 5(b)(1) provides: 19 Whenever under these rules service is required or permitted to be made upon a party represented by an attorney the service shall be made upon the attorney unless 20 service directly upon the party is ordered by the court. Service upon the attorney or upon a party shall be made by delivering a copy to the party or the party’s attorney 21 or by mailing it to the party’s or the attorney’s at his last known address or, if no address is known, filing with the clerk of the court an affidavit of attempt to serve. 22 Delivery of a copy within this rule means: handing it to the attorney or to the party; or leaving it at the party’s or the attorney’s office with a clerk or other person in 23 charge thereof; or, if there is no one in charge, leaving it in a conspicuous place therein; or, if the office is closed or the person to be served has no office, leaving it 1 at the person’s dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein.
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1 2 3 4 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 6 WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON AT SEATTLE 7 8 THE HISTORY DEPARTMENT & CO, 9 Plaintiff, Case No. C20-5608 MLP 10 v. ORDER 11 JESSE MERTZ and Jane Doe Mertz and the martial community composed thereof, d/b/a 12 Falling Formulations, 13 Defendants. 14 I. INTRODUCTION 15 This matter is before the Court on Plaintiff’s motion for an order authorizing service by 16 alternate means. (Mot. (Dkt. # 5).) Having considered Plaintiff’s motion, the supporting 17 declarations, and the balance of the record, the Court recommends Plaintiff’s motion be 18 GRANTED, in part, and DENIED, in part, as explained below. 19 II. BACKGROUND 20 Plaintiff filed its complaint against Defendants for breach of contract, false 21 representations, and violation of the Consumer Protection Act on June 24, 2020. (Compl. (Dkt. # 22 1).) According to the complaint, Plaintiff entered into a contract for the production of certain 23 machines with Defendants Jesse and Jane Doe Mertz, who are a marital community and do 1 business as Falling Formations. (Id. at ¶¶ 1.2, 3.1.) The machines were to be made in the United 2 States and were represented to be made in the United States. (Id.) Plaintiff wired the sum of 3 $50,375.00 to Defendants’ bank account as payment in full for the machines. (Id. at ¶ 3.2.) 4 Plaintiff asserts the machines were in fact made in China despite being marketed as “Made in 5 America.” (Id. at ¶ 3.4.) Plaintiff was under contract to sell the machines to a third party,
6 however, because of the alleged misrepresentations and breach of contract, Plaintiff had to 7 purchase replacement machinery from another supplier. (Id. at ¶ 3.5.) 8 Since the filing of the complaint in June 2020, Plaintiff has been unsuccessful in 9 completing service of process on Defendants. (Mot. at 2.) Plaintiff asserts it did business with 10 Defendants exclusively via the internet, phone, email, and text messages, including wiring the 11 money for the machines. (Mot. at 3; Keenan Decl. (Dkt. # 6) at ¶ 2.) Plaintiff asserts Defendants 12 have no specific physical place to be served, however, Plaintiff did attempt to serve Defendants 13 at their last known address that is listed on Falling Formations’ invoices: 8604 Marie St. SE, 14 Olympia, Washington 98501-9619 (the “Olympia Address”). (Mot. at 2-3.)
15 Prior to arranging for process of service, Plaintiff searched the Secretary of State 16 corporation records for Falling Formulations and learned it was formed on April 8, 2020. 17 (Bainter Decl. (Dkt. # 7) at ¶¶ 1-2.) The Olympia Address is listed as both the street address and 18 mailing address on the Certificate of Formation, and the email address for the business is listed 19 as jesse@fallingformulations.com, which is the email address Plaintiff proposes to use for 20 service in the instant motion. (Id., Ex. A.) Plaintiff also conducted an internet search using the 21 Olympia Address and Defendant Jesse Mertz’s name and found he was listed as the owner of 22 undeveloped land in Rochester, Washington. (Keenan Decl. at ¶ 5, Ex. B.) The Thurston County 23 1 Assessor’s records lists the owner and taxpayer of that property as Defendant Jesse Mertz and 2 lists his address as the Olympia Address. (Id.) 3 ABC Legal Services attempted to serve Defendants at the Olympia Address on July 1, 4 2020 and July 3, 2020, however, the attempts were unsuccessful because the property is 5 surrounded by a locked, gated fence with no access to the property. (Decl. of Non-Service (Dkt.
6 # 8).) According to the declaration of non-service, the names on the call/mailbox at this address 7 are Alice and Rob Lester, not Defendants. (Id.) Plaintiff also mailed a letter, two copies of the 8 Summons and Complaint, four copies of waivers of service of Summons, and a self-addressed 9 and stamped return envelope to Defendants at the Olympia Address on July 7, 2020. (Mot. at 2; 10 Bainter Decl. at ¶ 4, Ex. B.) Neither the mail nor the waivers of service were returned to 11 Plaintiff. (Mot. at 2; Bainter Decl. at ¶ 5.) Plaintiff also sent Defendants the instant motion, 12 proposed order, and supporting declarations to the Olympia Address and to 13 jesse@fallingformulations.com, which is the email Plaintiff used to communicate with 14 Defendant Jesse Mertz. (Service Decl. (Dkt. # 9).)
15 III. DISCUSSION 16 Plaintiff requests that it be authorized to serve Defendants by email, both through regular 17 email and email marked receipt requested, to jesse@fallingformulations.com, and to have a 18 process server post a copy of the Summons and Complaint at the front gate of the Olympia 19 Address. (See generally Mot.) Plaintiff asserts alternate service of process is warranted because 20 Defendants are evading service of process by traditional methods. (Id. at 2.) In support of its 21 argument, Plaintiff cites Rio Properties, Inc. v. Rio Int’l Interlink, 284 F.3d 1007 (9th Cir. 2002), 22 in which the court authorized alternative service, including via email, where the plaintiff made 23 multiple good faith yet unsuccessful attempts to serve the defendant and the defendant was 1 evading service of process. 284 F.3d at 1013. Plaintiff argues that because it did business with 2 Defendants through electronic means only, and because Defendants are evading service, service 3 by email should be permitted. (Id. at 3-4.) 4 Although the Rio court authorized alternative service via email, that case involved Rule 5 4(f)(3) which permits service abroad “by other means not prohibited by international agreement,
6 as the court orders.” The court interpreted Rule 4(f)(3) to allow service on foreign defendants by 7 email where the defendants were unreachable by other means or had no known physical address. 8 Rio Properties, Inc., 284 F.3d at 1017. The court found that to establish that service of process 9 by email is appropriate in a given case, a plaintiff must show that (1) international agreement 10 does not prohibit service by email; and (2) that service by email is “reasonably calculated to 11 provide actual notice” to the defendant. Id. at 1016, 1014. 12 Here, Plaintiff has not asserted that Defendants are abroad. Rather, Plaintiff provides 13 evidence showing Defendants list their address as being in Washington. Further, Plaintiff has not 14 presented evidence suggesting Defendants have left the state or country. Accordingly, the Court
15 does not rely on Rule 4(f)(3) or Rio Properties, Inc in its analysis. 16 Rule 4(e)(1) allows a plaintiff to effect service by “following state law for serving a 17 summons in an action brought in the courts of general jurisdiction in the state where the district 18 court is located or where service is made.” Washington Civil Rule (“CR”) 5(b)(1) provides: 19 Whenever under these rules service is required or permitted to be made upon a party represented by an attorney the service shall be made upon the attorney unless 20 service directly upon the party is ordered by the court. Service upon the attorney or upon a party shall be made by delivering a copy to the party or the party’s attorney 21 or by mailing it to the party’s or the attorney’s at his last known address or, if no address is known, filing with the clerk of the court an affidavit of attempt to serve. 22 Delivery of a copy within this rule means: handing it to the attorney or to the party; or leaving it at the party’s or the attorney’s office with a clerk or other person in 23 charge thereof; or, if there is no one in charge, leaving it in a conspicuous place therein; or, if the office is closed or the person to be served has no office, leaving it 1 at the person’s dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein. 2 Washington also allows substitute service by mail or constructive service by publication when 3 the plaintiff sets forth the following facts: (1) that the defendant could not be found in 4 Washington after a diligent search; (2) that the defendant was a resident of Washington; and (3) 5 that the defendant had either left the state or concealed himself within it, with intent to defraud 6 creditors or avoid service of process. RCW 4.28.100(2) (requirements for constructive service by 7 publication); CR 4(d)(4) (authorizing substitute service by mail “[i]n circumstances justifying 8 service by publication”); Charboneau Excavating, Inc. v. Turnipseed, 118 Wash.App. 358, 362- 9 63 (2003), review denied, 151 Wash.2d 1020 (2004). CR 4(d)(4) provides: 10 Alternative to Service by Publication. In circumstances justifying service by 11 publication, if the serving party files an affidavit stating facts from which the court determines that service by mail is just as likely to give actual notice as service by 12 publication, the court may order that service be made by any person over 18 years of age, who is competent to be a witness, other than a party, by mailing copies of 13 the summons and other process to the party to be served at the party’s last known address or any other address determined by the court to be appropriate. Two copies 14 shall be mailed, postage prepaid, one by ordinary first class mail and the other by a form of mail requiring a signed receipt showing when and to whom it was delivered. 15 The envelopes must bear the return address of the sender. The summons shall contain the date it was deposited in the mail and shall require the defendant to 16 appear and answer the complaint within 90 days from the date of mailing. Service under this subsection has the same jurisdictional effect as service by publication. 17 Plaintiff has presented evidence indicating the Olympia Address is Defendants’ last 18 known address, but that Plaintiff’s attempts to locate and serve them at this address have failed. 19 Plaintiff also mailed the Summons and Complaint to the Olympia Address and emailed copies of 20 the instant pleadings to Defendants at jesse@fallingformulations.com. None of this 21 correspondence has been returned as undeliverable. However, the Court notes it does not appear 22 from the submitted declarations that Plaintiff mailed a copy of the Summons and Complaint by a 23 form of mail requiring a signed receipt showing when and to whom it was delivered. 1 Although the Court recognizes Plaintiff has put forth effort to search for and serve 2 Defendants, it fails to cite authority authorizing service by email and posting a copy of the 3 Summons and Complaint at Defendants’ last known address. Accordingly, the Court finds 4 Plaintiff’s proposed method of alternative service is not sufficient at this time. However, the 5 Court does find alternative service appropriate in this matter. Plaintiff has set forth facts that
6 Defendants could not be found in Washington after a diligent search, that Defendants are 7 residents of Washington, and that Defendants have failed to respond to Plaintiff’s 8 correspondence to both the physical Olympia Address and email address that Defendants hold 9 out to be theirs. Accordingly, the Court orders and authorizes service by mail, pursuant to CR 10 4(d)(4) and the applicable governing rules, and by emailing a copy of the Summons, Complaint, 11 and this Order to Defendants both through regular email and email marked receipt requested at 12 jesse@fallingformulations.com. Plaintiff shall file proof of service with the Court. 13 Plaintiff is required to serve Defendants within 90 days after the complaint is filed. Fed. 14 R. Civ. P. 4(m). However, if a plaintiff shows good cause for its failure to serve, the court must
15 extend the time for service for an appropriate period. Id. The deadline to serve Defendants in this 16 matter has elapsed. However, the Court finds Plaintiff’s efforts to serve Defendants meet the 17 good cause standard and therefore grants Plaintiff an extension until December 28, 2020 to serve 18 Defendants and file proof of service with the Court. 19 IV. CONCLUSION 20 For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiff’s Motion (dkt. # 5) is GRANTED, in part, and 21 DENIED, in part. 22 \\ 23 \\ 1 Dated this 16th day of November, 2020. 2 A 3 MICHELLE L. PETERSON United States Magistrate Judge 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23