Supreme Court of Florida ____________
No. SC16-1081 ____________
THE FLORIDA BAR, Complainant,
vs.
IAN JAMES CHRISTENSEN, Respondent.
[January 18, 2018]
PER CURIAM.
We have for review a referee’s report recommending that Ian James
Christensen be found guilty of professional misconduct and be suspended from the
practice of law for two years. We have jurisdiction. See art. V, § 15, Fla. Const.
On June 15, 2016, The Florida Bar filed a complaint against Respondent
Christensen. The complaint was referred to a referee, and the referee submitted a
report and recommendation on March 30, 2017. In his report, the referee found
that in 2013, less than three months after being admitted to The Florida Bar,
Respondent founded IJC Law Group, P.A., and began offering legal services and
advice to clients. At the time, Respondent had no training in the area of medical marijuana. Six months later, Respondent formed Health Law Services (HLS), and
five months after that, incorporated Cannabinoid Therapy Institute (CTI).
Respondent listed IJC Law Group, P.A., as CTI’s registered agent and nonlawyer
Christopher Ralph—a self-professed expert in the medical marijuana industry—
represented himself as CTI’s director. Ralph was also the “Legal Administrator
and Consultant” for HLS.
Essentially, the referee found that Respondent charged clients $799 for a
doctor’s visit through CTI, and if the doctor found a medical necessity for the
client to use marijuana, Respondent, via HLS, provided the client with an “Official
Legal Certification” and patient identification card stating that the client had
received a marijuana prescription. The “Official Legal Certification” purported to
advise law enforcement of the client’s right to cannabis as a medical necessity.
Respondent advised his clients, and his clients believed, that based on Florida law,
the clients had a right to possess, use, and grow cannabis due to medical necessity
and that they were protected by the affirmative defense of medical necessity.
Respondent did not tell his clients that this affirmative defense would not apply, if
at all, until after the clients were arrested, charged, and prosecuted.
The referee found that several of Respondent’s clients were arrested and
prosecuted after following this advice. Respondent attempted to represent two of
these clients in the criminal proceedings, but was subsequently disqualified on
-2- motion by the State for conflict of interest. Respondent refused to refund the
attorney’s fees he charged, but was eventually ordered to do so when the trial court
granted the clients’ motion for disgorgement of attorney’s fees. Respondent failed
to comply with the order and filed an untimely notice of appeal, which was
ultimately dismissed. He also failed to respond to the trial court’s order to show
cause and failed to appear at the show cause hearing. The court granted the motion
for order to show cause and issued a warrant for his arrest.
As to three other clients, the referee found that the doctor to whom they were
referred was not licensed to practice medicine in Florida. The clients were not
advised of this. Further, along with the “Official Legal Certification,” two of these
clients were provided with a “grow sign” to be posted at their residence which
announced that medical marijuana cultivation was underway. The third client was
provided an “Official Legal Certification” that identified one of the clients with the
“grow sign” as his “authorized agent” to produce cannabis medically necessary to
treat his debilitating condition.
In January 2015, the police responded to the residence of the clients with the
“grow sign” pursuant to a 911 call. The next day, the clients contacted Respondent
to ask him if they needed to dismantle their growing operation, in expectation that
law enforcement would return, and were told by Respondent they had nothing to
worry about and that he or someone from his office would contact law enforcement
-3- to discuss the situation. There was no record that Respondent ever did this. In
February 2015, a fully armed SWAT team raided the clients’ home, and they were
arrested and charged with manufacture of cannabis, possession of cannabis with
intent to sell or deliver, possession of a place or structure for trafficking or
manufacturing a controlled substance, possession of paraphernalia, and trafficking
in cannabis in excess of twenty-five pounds. In response to their arrests,
Respondent encouraged the clients to file an internal affairs report regarding the
damage done to their home and belongings during the raid. The clients’ home,
valuables, and vehicles were ultimately seized and detained for forfeiture.
The clients hired a new attorney and accepted plea deals of three years’
probation, a $15,000 fine, and 100 hours of community service. One of the clients
lost her nursing license of twenty-five years and the other lost his engineering job
of fifteen years. In addition, their landlord sued them for damages to the home
during the raid and lost rent. The landlord prevailed and obtained a judgment in
excess of $25,000 against them.
Based on all of the above, the referee recommended that Respondent be
found guilty of violating Rules Regulating the Florida Bar 4-1.1 (competence);
4-1.2(d) (criminal/fraudulent conduct); 4-1.5(a) (excessive fee); 4-1.7(a)(2)
(conflict of interest); 4-5.3(a) (use of titles by nonlawyer assistants); 4-5.3(b)
(supervisory responsibility for nonlawyers); 4-5.3(c) (ultimate responsibility of
-4- lawyer for nonlawyers); 4-8.4(a) (violating or attempting to violate rules of
professional conduct); and 4-8.4(c) (conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or
misrepresentation). As for discipline, the referee recommended a two-year
suspension and payment of the Bar’s costs in the amount of $9,502.92.
Neither the Bar nor Respondent sought review of the referee’s report and
recommendations. However, on July 26, 2017, the Court issued an order directing
Respondent to show cause why the referee’s recommended sanction should not be
disapproved and a more severe sanction, including disbarment, be imposed.
Respondent filed a response to the order on August 10, 2017, and the Bar filed its
reply on August 21, 2017.
Upon consideration of the response to the order to show cause and the Bar’s
reply, we conclude that disbarment is the appropriate sanction. The most
prominent features of Respondent’s misconduct are incompetence and extremely
serious harm to clients. Under Florida Standard for Imposing Lawyer Discipline
4.51, disbarment is appropriate “when a lawyer’s course of conduct demonstrates
that the lawyer does not understand the most fundamental legal doctrines or
procedures, and the lawyer’s conduct causes injury or potential injury to a client.”
Fla. Stds. Imposing Lawyer Sancs. 4.51. We conclude Respondent’s misconduct
falls into this category. Respondent erroneously advised his clients and provided
them with legally meaningless “Official Legal Certifications” purportedly
-5- authorizing them to grow and use marijuana, based on determinations made by a
physician not licensed to practice medicine in the State of Florida. Several clients
who relied upon Respondent’s erroneous advice were arrested and criminally
prosecuted, and their lives were devastated.
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Supreme Court of Florida ____________
No. SC16-1081 ____________
THE FLORIDA BAR, Complainant,
vs.
IAN JAMES CHRISTENSEN, Respondent.
[January 18, 2018]
PER CURIAM.
We have for review a referee’s report recommending that Ian James
Christensen be found guilty of professional misconduct and be suspended from the
practice of law for two years. We have jurisdiction. See art. V, § 15, Fla. Const.
On June 15, 2016, The Florida Bar filed a complaint against Respondent
Christensen. The complaint was referred to a referee, and the referee submitted a
report and recommendation on March 30, 2017. In his report, the referee found
that in 2013, less than three months after being admitted to The Florida Bar,
Respondent founded IJC Law Group, P.A., and began offering legal services and
advice to clients. At the time, Respondent had no training in the area of medical marijuana. Six months later, Respondent formed Health Law Services (HLS), and
five months after that, incorporated Cannabinoid Therapy Institute (CTI).
Respondent listed IJC Law Group, P.A., as CTI’s registered agent and nonlawyer
Christopher Ralph—a self-professed expert in the medical marijuana industry—
represented himself as CTI’s director. Ralph was also the “Legal Administrator
and Consultant” for HLS.
Essentially, the referee found that Respondent charged clients $799 for a
doctor’s visit through CTI, and if the doctor found a medical necessity for the
client to use marijuana, Respondent, via HLS, provided the client with an “Official
Legal Certification” and patient identification card stating that the client had
received a marijuana prescription. The “Official Legal Certification” purported to
advise law enforcement of the client’s right to cannabis as a medical necessity.
Respondent advised his clients, and his clients believed, that based on Florida law,
the clients had a right to possess, use, and grow cannabis due to medical necessity
and that they were protected by the affirmative defense of medical necessity.
Respondent did not tell his clients that this affirmative defense would not apply, if
at all, until after the clients were arrested, charged, and prosecuted.
The referee found that several of Respondent’s clients were arrested and
prosecuted after following this advice. Respondent attempted to represent two of
these clients in the criminal proceedings, but was subsequently disqualified on
-2- motion by the State for conflict of interest. Respondent refused to refund the
attorney’s fees he charged, but was eventually ordered to do so when the trial court
granted the clients’ motion for disgorgement of attorney’s fees. Respondent failed
to comply with the order and filed an untimely notice of appeal, which was
ultimately dismissed. He also failed to respond to the trial court’s order to show
cause and failed to appear at the show cause hearing. The court granted the motion
for order to show cause and issued a warrant for his arrest.
As to three other clients, the referee found that the doctor to whom they were
referred was not licensed to practice medicine in Florida. The clients were not
advised of this. Further, along with the “Official Legal Certification,” two of these
clients were provided with a “grow sign” to be posted at their residence which
announced that medical marijuana cultivation was underway. The third client was
provided an “Official Legal Certification” that identified one of the clients with the
“grow sign” as his “authorized agent” to produce cannabis medically necessary to
treat his debilitating condition.
In January 2015, the police responded to the residence of the clients with the
“grow sign” pursuant to a 911 call. The next day, the clients contacted Respondent
to ask him if they needed to dismantle their growing operation, in expectation that
law enforcement would return, and were told by Respondent they had nothing to
worry about and that he or someone from his office would contact law enforcement
-3- to discuss the situation. There was no record that Respondent ever did this. In
February 2015, a fully armed SWAT team raided the clients’ home, and they were
arrested and charged with manufacture of cannabis, possession of cannabis with
intent to sell or deliver, possession of a place or structure for trafficking or
manufacturing a controlled substance, possession of paraphernalia, and trafficking
in cannabis in excess of twenty-five pounds. In response to their arrests,
Respondent encouraged the clients to file an internal affairs report regarding the
damage done to their home and belongings during the raid. The clients’ home,
valuables, and vehicles were ultimately seized and detained for forfeiture.
The clients hired a new attorney and accepted plea deals of three years’
probation, a $15,000 fine, and 100 hours of community service. One of the clients
lost her nursing license of twenty-five years and the other lost his engineering job
of fifteen years. In addition, their landlord sued them for damages to the home
during the raid and lost rent. The landlord prevailed and obtained a judgment in
excess of $25,000 against them.
Based on all of the above, the referee recommended that Respondent be
found guilty of violating Rules Regulating the Florida Bar 4-1.1 (competence);
4-1.2(d) (criminal/fraudulent conduct); 4-1.5(a) (excessive fee); 4-1.7(a)(2)
(conflict of interest); 4-5.3(a) (use of titles by nonlawyer assistants); 4-5.3(b)
(supervisory responsibility for nonlawyers); 4-5.3(c) (ultimate responsibility of
-4- lawyer for nonlawyers); 4-8.4(a) (violating or attempting to violate rules of
professional conduct); and 4-8.4(c) (conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or
misrepresentation). As for discipline, the referee recommended a two-year
suspension and payment of the Bar’s costs in the amount of $9,502.92.
Neither the Bar nor Respondent sought review of the referee’s report and
recommendations. However, on July 26, 2017, the Court issued an order directing
Respondent to show cause why the referee’s recommended sanction should not be
disapproved and a more severe sanction, including disbarment, be imposed.
Respondent filed a response to the order on August 10, 2017, and the Bar filed its
reply on August 21, 2017.
Upon consideration of the response to the order to show cause and the Bar’s
reply, we conclude that disbarment is the appropriate sanction. The most
prominent features of Respondent’s misconduct are incompetence and extremely
serious harm to clients. Under Florida Standard for Imposing Lawyer Discipline
4.51, disbarment is appropriate “when a lawyer’s course of conduct demonstrates
that the lawyer does not understand the most fundamental legal doctrines or
procedures, and the lawyer’s conduct causes injury or potential injury to a client.”
Fla. Stds. Imposing Lawyer Sancs. 4.51. We conclude Respondent’s misconduct
falls into this category. Respondent erroneously advised his clients and provided
them with legally meaningless “Official Legal Certifications” purportedly
-5- authorizing them to grow and use marijuana, based on determinations made by a
physician not licensed to practice medicine in the State of Florida. Several clients
who relied upon Respondent’s erroneous advice were arrested and criminally
prosecuted, and their lives were devastated. Further, during the criminal
proceedings pertaining to the clients and during the proceedings in this disciplinary
matter, Respondent continued to insist on the correctness of his clearly erroneous
legal positions, until he was ordered to show cause to this Court why he should not
be disbarred. We will not tolerate such misconduct by members of The Florida
Bar.
Accordingly, Respondent, Ian James Christensen, is hereby disbarred,
effective immediately.1 Respondent shall fully comply with Rule Regulating the
Florida Bar 3-5.1(h). Further, Respondent shall accept no new business from the
date this opinion is filed unless he is readmitted to the practice of law in Florida.
Judgment is entered for The Florida Bar, 651 East Jefferson Street,
Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2300, for recovery of costs from Ian James Christensen
in the amount of $9,502.92, for which sum let execution issue.
It is so ordered.
1. With his response to the Court’s order to show cause, Respondent submitted an affidavit stating that he closed his law practice, notified his clients of the closure, and discontinued accepting any new clients and practicing law as of November 2015.
-6- LABARGA, C.J., and PARIENTE, LEWIS, QUINCE, CANADY, POLSTON, and LAWSON, JJ., concur.
THE FILING OF A MOTION FOR REHEARING SHALL NOT ALTER THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS DISBARMENT.
Original Proceeding – The Florida Bar
Joshua E. Doyle, Executive Director, Carlos Alberto Leon, Bar Counsel, Tallahassee, Florida, and Adria E. Quintela, Staff Counsel, The Florida Bar, Sunrise, Florida,
for Complainant
D. Gray Thomas, Law Office of D. Gray Thomas, P.A., Jacksonville, Florida,
for Respondent
-7-