THOMAS, District Judge.
Heretofore a decree of this court determined that the two tugs Vosburgh and Whitbeck were equally in fault for (lie collision resulting in injury to the libelant’s barge,' and payment of one-half damages and costs was awarded primarily against each tug, with a right of recourse to the other in the case of the insufficiency of one tug to meet its share. The collision occurred on the 19th day of December, 1892. A libel in rem was filed against both tugs on March 80, 1893. The Vosburgh voluntarily appeared and bonded, but the Whitbeck was not seized until July 7, 1893, and then only on an order of the court made at the instance of the Vosburgh. [482]*482The Vosburgh gave a stipulation for value, but the Whitbeck was sold, and the remnants of the proceeds of sale applicable to tbe payment of decrees, to wit, §580.41, are in the registry of the court, from which the libelant asks payment of one-half of the decree ordered to he paid by the Whitbeck. At this juncture, several lienors allege that their claims are liens upon the fund prior'in right to that growing out of the collision, on account of the laches of the libelant in the seizure of the Whitbeck; and it is the solution of this question that now engages the court. The claims for supplies furnished the Whitbeck, for which such priority is asserted, are those of Offerman, $364 for coal; Sullivan, $97.41 for repairs; and Horre, $25.60 for coal. These supplies and repairs were all furnished during the year 1893, subsequently to the date of the collision, which was December 19, 1892, and to the date of the filing of the claim for collision, which was March 30, 1893, except Sullivan’s account, which extends from November, 1892, to May, 1893. Process upon the claim for collision was issued July 7, 1893, subsequently to the accruing of the other claims, but prior to the filing of the libel for such other claims in this court. It will be observed that, although the libel for the collision was filed March 30, 1893, the application for process to issue was allowed to lie until July 7th of that j’ear. The obvious purpose of this was to allow the tug Whitbeck to continue its operation in the harbor, either with or without an agreement with her owner respecting the matter. In other words, after waiting from the date of the collision, December 19, 1892, to March 30, 1893, for the institution of a suit, the libelant did on the latter date invoke the intervention of the law by filing his libel, and then failed to apply for process for the space of three months, and during this time the libelant permitted the tug to be operated, whereby persons were influenced to aid her navigation by such supplies as her use demanded. It will be observed that it is not a case of the libelant neglecting to take measures to enforce his lien. He did within suitable time file bis libel, and thereupon, in the due course of law, process would have issued for the seizure of both vessels. But thereupon the libelant failed to take measures for tbe usual legal procedure for seizing the tugs. Whereupon the Vosburgh came in voluntarily and bonded, and it was only through her vigorous intervention that the Whitbeck was afterwards seized. « '
In The Young America, 30 Fed. 791, 792, process was issued against the vessel, but the marshal let the vessel go out of his custody and about her regular business; and the court held that the liens accruing while the vessel was so out of the actual custody of the marshal were not cut off by the issue of process, but were subsisting liens on the vessel. The court says:
“The rule excluding subsequent liens cannot be extended to vessels that are not actually, as well as constructively, in the marshal’s possession. Where a plaintiff, as in this case, obtains only a nominal arrest of the vessel, and. virtually directs that she be left to pursue her ordinary business, with its attendant liabilities to other persons in contract or in tort, he must be held to have waived the benefit of the custody of the court as a protection against other liens, and to be estopped from claiming, as against third persons, the exemptions that belong only to a vessel in actual custody. Otherwise, not [483]*483only would third persons be misled and deceived, but ready means would be offered of running vessels without liability to any further liens at all. Such, a practico would bo a plain abuse of the process of the court.”
How much the inore should subsequent lienors be protected where the libelant has invoked the intervention of the court, and thereupon suspended its usual and suitable procedure! The learned judge in the case cited, further discussing the question of laches, said:
“As there is no fixed time to constitute lachos applicable to all eases, it should bo determined with reference to the equitable maxim, ‘Sic utere tuo ut alientan non leedas,’ — enforce your own rights so as not to injure others. It would bo in the highest degree inequitable to permit lienors like Putnam or the insurers in this case, who have claims far in excess of the val ,; of ihe vessel, to lie still when there was daily opportunity to enforce their claims by legal proceedings, and to permit the vessel to obtain credit in daily business on her own security from innocent third persons, when the prior lienors knew, hut the latter lienors did not know, that the vessel could never be made to respond for a dollar of the credits thus obtained. The rule of justice and equity in such a case clearly demands that a comparatively brief period of inactivity, where there was full opportunity for attaching the vessel, should be held to constitute laches sufficient to postpone the prior lieu in favor of subsequent lienors, who were thus prejudiced by the delay and by the want of notice. * * * Of course, there was no intention of any abandonment of the libelant’s lien, or of an entire release or discharge of the vessel from suit; but, as respects third persons who wore ignorant of the facts, it was equally to their prejudice; and in all such cases I must hold the libelant’s lien postponed to the later liens that accrue in consequence of such partial release, and without notice.”
It is considered that the facts in the present case strongly demand the application of the principles and rules laid down in the opinion in The Young America, and (hat the lien for the collision damages as regards the WMtbeck should be postponed in favor of the three subsequent liens mentioned. The unfortunate result of this decision is that'the injury does not fall upon the libelant, where in broad justice it belongs; but as the judgment directs that, in the case of any insufficiency on the part of either tug in the payment of the decree, recourse may be had to the other tug, and as the proceeds of the sale of the WMtbeck will be largely absorbed in the discharge of the liens, the decree for the collision damages must fall upon the Vosburgh.. TMs is apparently inequitable, but the case falls go clearly within certain usual rules that an escape from the conclusion that the Vosburgh cannot be relieved is unavoidable. As the tugs were joint and several wrongdoers, the libelant was privileged to sue either or both, or to make eacli a formal party, and to seize either under the process of the court. Therefore his failure to seize the Whitbeck at all cannot be regarded as laches in favor of the Vosburgh, and consequently the staying of the process against the Whitbeck was the exercise of a right on the part of the libelant, so far as the Whitbeck is concerned., from which no conclusions unfavorable to the libelant can be drawn. A person exercising a right cannot be charged with wrong.
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THOMAS, District Judge.
Heretofore a decree of this court determined that the two tugs Vosburgh and Whitbeck were equally in fault for (lie collision resulting in injury to the libelant’s barge,' and payment of one-half damages and costs was awarded primarily against each tug, with a right of recourse to the other in the case of the insufficiency of one tug to meet its share. The collision occurred on the 19th day of December, 1892. A libel in rem was filed against both tugs on March 80, 1893. The Vosburgh voluntarily appeared and bonded, but the Whitbeck was not seized until July 7, 1893, and then only on an order of the court made at the instance of the Vosburgh. [482]*482The Vosburgh gave a stipulation for value, but the Whitbeck was sold, and the remnants of the proceeds of sale applicable to tbe payment of decrees, to wit, §580.41, are in the registry of the court, from which the libelant asks payment of one-half of the decree ordered to he paid by the Whitbeck. At this juncture, several lienors allege that their claims are liens upon the fund prior'in right to that growing out of the collision, on account of the laches of the libelant in the seizure of the Whitbeck; and it is the solution of this question that now engages the court. The claims for supplies furnished the Whitbeck, for which such priority is asserted, are those of Offerman, $364 for coal; Sullivan, $97.41 for repairs; and Horre, $25.60 for coal. These supplies and repairs were all furnished during the year 1893, subsequently to the date of the collision, which was December 19, 1892, and to the date of the filing of the claim for collision, which was March 30, 1893, except Sullivan’s account, which extends from November, 1892, to May, 1893. Process upon the claim for collision was issued July 7, 1893, subsequently to the accruing of the other claims, but prior to the filing of the libel for such other claims in this court. It will be observed that, although the libel for the collision was filed March 30, 1893, the application for process to issue was allowed to lie until July 7th of that j’ear. The obvious purpose of this was to allow the tug Whitbeck to continue its operation in the harbor, either with or without an agreement with her owner respecting the matter. In other words, after waiting from the date of the collision, December 19, 1892, to March 30, 1893, for the institution of a suit, the libelant did on the latter date invoke the intervention of the law by filing his libel, and then failed to apply for process for the space of three months, and during this time the libelant permitted the tug to be operated, whereby persons were influenced to aid her navigation by such supplies as her use demanded. It will be observed that it is not a case of the libelant neglecting to take measures to enforce his lien. He did within suitable time file bis libel, and thereupon, in the due course of law, process would have issued for the seizure of both vessels. But thereupon the libelant failed to take measures for tbe usual legal procedure for seizing the tugs. Whereupon the Vosburgh came in voluntarily and bonded, and it was only through her vigorous intervention that the Whitbeck was afterwards seized. « '
In The Young America, 30 Fed. 791, 792, process was issued against the vessel, but the marshal let the vessel go out of his custody and about her regular business; and the court held that the liens accruing while the vessel was so out of the actual custody of the marshal were not cut off by the issue of process, but were subsisting liens on the vessel. The court says:
“The rule excluding subsequent liens cannot be extended to vessels that are not actually, as well as constructively, in the marshal’s possession. Where a plaintiff, as in this case, obtains only a nominal arrest of the vessel, and. virtually directs that she be left to pursue her ordinary business, with its attendant liabilities to other persons in contract or in tort, he must be held to have waived the benefit of the custody of the court as a protection against other liens, and to be estopped from claiming, as against third persons, the exemptions that belong only to a vessel in actual custody. Otherwise, not [483]*483only would third persons be misled and deceived, but ready means would be offered of running vessels without liability to any further liens at all. Such, a practico would bo a plain abuse of the process of the court.”
How much the inore should subsequent lienors be protected where the libelant has invoked the intervention of the court, and thereupon suspended its usual and suitable procedure! The learned judge in the case cited, further discussing the question of laches, said:
“As there is no fixed time to constitute lachos applicable to all eases, it should bo determined with reference to the equitable maxim, ‘Sic utere tuo ut alientan non leedas,’ — enforce your own rights so as not to injure others. It would bo in the highest degree inequitable to permit lienors like Putnam or the insurers in this case, who have claims far in excess of the val ,; of ihe vessel, to lie still when there was daily opportunity to enforce their claims by legal proceedings, and to permit the vessel to obtain credit in daily business on her own security from innocent third persons, when the prior lienors knew, hut the latter lienors did not know, that the vessel could never be made to respond for a dollar of the credits thus obtained. The rule of justice and equity in such a case clearly demands that a comparatively brief period of inactivity, where there was full opportunity for attaching the vessel, should be held to constitute laches sufficient to postpone the prior lieu in favor of subsequent lienors, who were thus prejudiced by the delay and by the want of notice. * * * Of course, there was no intention of any abandonment of the libelant’s lien, or of an entire release or discharge of the vessel from suit; but, as respects third persons who wore ignorant of the facts, it was equally to their prejudice; and in all such cases I must hold the libelant’s lien postponed to the later liens that accrue in consequence of such partial release, and without notice.”
It is considered that the facts in the present case strongly demand the application of the principles and rules laid down in the opinion in The Young America, and (hat the lien for the collision damages as regards the WMtbeck should be postponed in favor of the three subsequent liens mentioned. The unfortunate result of this decision is that'the injury does not fall upon the libelant, where in broad justice it belongs; but as the judgment directs that, in the case of any insufficiency on the part of either tug in the payment of the decree, recourse may be had to the other tug, and as the proceeds of the sale of the WMtbeck will be largely absorbed in the discharge of the liens, the decree for the collision damages must fall upon the Vosburgh.. TMs is apparently inequitable, but the case falls go clearly within certain usual rules that an escape from the conclusion that the Vosburgh cannot be relieved is unavoidable. As the tugs were joint and several wrongdoers, the libelant was privileged to sue either or both, or to make eacli a formal party, and to seize either under the process of the court. Therefore his failure to seize the Whitbeck at all cannot be regarded as laches in favor of the Vosburgh, and consequently the staying of the process against the Whitbeck was the exercise of a right on the part of the libelant, so far as the Whitbeck is concerned., from which no conclusions unfavorable to the libelant can be drawn. A person exercising a right cannot be charged with wrong. Under the rules, the Vosburgh liad a right to ask to have the Whitbeck brought in as a party, if she was not already a party; or, if she was a party, to ask that the delayed process against her should be issued, and that she be seized thereunder. TMs course the Vosburgh did finally take. It was the privilege of the libelant to leave the Whit-[484]*484beck out of the litigation altogether if he saw fit, and it was the privilege of the Vosburgh to bring the Whitbeck into the litigation. The subsequent liens largely accrued subsequently to the appearance of the Vosburgh, which was on April 3, 1893; and, if there was any delay thereafter in bringing in the Whitbeck, the fault to a considerable degree is ascribable to the Vosburgh, as she had the full right and power to compel the issuing of the process; but no application was made therefor until June 27, 1893. Under these circumstances, it is thought that no relief can be afforded to the Vosburgh, although there was laches on the part of the libelant, so far as the subsequent lienors of the Whitbeck are concerned. An order will be prepared in accordance with the views here expressed.