The Best Label Company v. Custom Label & Decal, LLC

• Court: District Court, N.D. California
• Decided: March 16, 2021
• Docket: 3:19-cv-03051
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 SAN JOSE DIVISION 11

12 THE BEST LABEL COMPANY, LLC, Case No. 19-CV-03051-LHK

13 Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO SUBSTITUTE 14 v. PLAINTIFF AND FOR LEAVE TO FILE FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT 15 CUSTOM LABEL & DECAL, LLC, et al.,

16 Defendants. 17 18 Before the Court is Plaintiff The Best Label Company, LLC’s (“Plaintiff”) motion to 19 substitute Resource Label Group, LLC (“RLG”) as plaintiff and motion for leave to file a first 20 amended complaint. ECF No. 64-1 (“Mot.”).1 Having considered the parties’ submissions, the 21 relevant law, and the record in this case, the Court DENIES Plaintiff’s motion to substitute 22 plaintiff and for leave to file a first amended complaint. 23 I. BACKGROUND 24 25 1 Plaintiff’s motion to substitute plaintiff and for leave to file a first amended complaint contains a 26 notice of motion that is contained in a separate document from the points and authorities in support of the motion. ECF No. 64, at 3. Civil Local Rule 7-2(b) provides that the notice of 27 motion and points and authorities must be contained in one document with the same pagination. 1 A. Factual Background 1 Plaintiff is a custom label maker. ECF No. 1-1, at 3 (“Compl.”). In November of 2018, 2 Plaintiff acquired Best Label Company, Inc. (“Best Label”). Id. Defendant Daniel Crammer was 3 employed at Best Label prior to the sale, and after the sale Crammer sought employment with 4 Defendant Custom Label & Decal, LLC (“Custom Label”). Plaintiff alleges that before Crammer 5 resigned from Plaintiff and joined Custom Label, Crammer engaged in a number of wrongful acts, 6 including (1) soliciting Best Label employees to leave and join Custom Label; (2) taking 7 confidential company information; and (3) taking a company laptop. Id. 8 Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Scott McKean became an employee of Plaintiff after the 9 acquisition of Best Label, but then left to join Custom Label. Id. at 4 Plaintiff alleges that 10 McKean engaged in a number of wrongful acts after leaving Plaintiff, including making false 11 statements to Plaintiff’s prospective and current customers and attempting to “pass off” Custom 12 Label as Plaintiff. Id. Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Gareth Cole, another former employee of 13 Plaintiff, engaged in similar unlawful acts after leaving employment at Plaintiff to work at Custom 14 Label. Id. Plaintiff also alleges that Defendant Travis Gilkey, a former General Manager at Best 15 Label, assisted Crammer, Cole, and McKean in their misconduct. Id. at 5. 16 Finally, Plaintiff alleges that on September 30, 2019, after the commencement of the 17 instant case, Plaintiff merged with RLG, a Delaware limited liability company. Mot. at 2. 18 B. Procedural Background 19 Plaintiff filed a complaint in California Superior Court on May 3, 2019. Compl. at 1. 20 Plaintiff’s complaint alleges claims for (1) misappropriation of trade secrets; (2) breach of the duty 21 of loyalty; (3) defamation and disparagement; (4) common law unfair competition; (5) unlawful 22 interference with prospective economic advantage; (6) statutory unfair competition; (7) claim and 23 delivery; (8) conversion; (9) violation of California Penal Code Section 502; (10) trademark 24 infringement under 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a); and (11) common law trademark infringement. Id. at 25 17–26. On June 3, 2019, Defendants removed the instant case to federal court. Id. On July 2, 26 2019, Defendants Cole, Custom Label, Gilkey, and McKean filed an answer. ECF No. 15. On 27 2 1 July 15, 2019, Defendant Crammer filed an answer. ECF No. 20. 2 On September 15, 2020, Plaintiff filed the instant motion. ECF No. 64. In connection 3 with the instant motion, Plaintiff filed a request for judicial notice. ECF No. 64-3. On September 4 29, 2020, Defendants Cole, Custom Label, Gilkey, and McKean filed an opposition. ECF No. 65. 5 In connection with their opposition, Defendants filed a request for judicial notice. ECF No. 66. 6 On September 29, 2020, Defendant Crammer filed a joinder in Defendants’ opposition. ECF No. 7 67. On November 5, 2020, Plaintiff filed a reply. ECF No. 68. 8 C. Requests for Judicial Notice 9 In connection with Plaintiff’s motion to substitute plaintiff and for leave to file a first 10 amended complaint, Plaintiff requests judicial notice of two documents: (1) “State of Delaware 11 Certificate of Merger of Domestic Limited Liability Companies”; and (2) “California Certificate 12 of Registration.” ECF No. 64-3, at 4–12 (“RJN”). Defendants do not oppose this request. 13 The Court may take judicial notice of matters that are either “generally known within the 14 trial court’s territorial jurisdiction” or “can be accurately and readily determined from sources 15 whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned.” Fed. R. Evid. 201(b). Moreover, courts may 16 consider materials referenced in the complaint under the incorporation by reference doctrine, even 17 if plaintiff failed to attach those materials to the complaint. Knievel v. ESPN, 393 F.3d 1068, 1076 18 (9th Cir. 2005). Public records, including judgments and other publicly filed documents, are 19 proper subjects of judicial notice. See, e.g., United States v. Black, 482 F.3d 1035, 1041 (9th Cir. 20 2007). However, to the extent any facts in documents subject to judicial notice are subject to 21 reasonable dispute, the Court will not take judicial notice of those facts. See Lee v. City of Los 22 Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 689 (9th Cir. 2001), overruled on other grounds by Galbraith v. County of 23 Santa Clara, 307 F.3d 1119 (9th Cir. 2002). 24 As matters of public record, the Court finds that Plaintiff’s documents are the proper 25 subject of judicial notice. The Court therefore GRANTS Plaintiff’s request for judicial notice. 26 In connection with their opposition to Plaintiff’s motion, Defendants request judicial notice 27 3 1 of two documents: “Application to Register a Foreign Limited Liability Company”; and 2 “Certificate of Cancellation.” ECF No. 66, at 3–7. Plaintiff does not oppose this request. As 3 matters of public record, the Court finds that these documents are the proper subject of judicial 4 notice. The Court therefore GRANTS Defendants’ request for judicial notice. 5 II. LEGAL STANDARD 6 Under Rule 25(c), “[i]f an interest is transferred, the action may be continued by or against 7 the original party unless the court, on motion, orders the transferee to be substituted in the action 8 or joined with the original party.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(c). “Rule 25(c) is not designed to create new 9 relationships among parties to a suit but is designed to allow the action to continue unabated when 10 an interest in the lawsuit changes hands.” In re Bernal, 207 F.3d 595, 598 (9th Cir. 2000). The 11 decision to allow substitution under Rule 25(c) rests within the discretion of the district court. Id. 12 As a general matter, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a) provides that leave to amend 13 shall be freely given “when justice so requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a). The Court considers five 14 factors in assessing a motion for leave to amend: “bad faith, undue delay, prejudice to the 15 opposing party, futility of amendment, and whether the plaintiff has previously amended the 16 complaint.” Johnson v. Buckley, 356 F.3d 1067, 1077 (9th Cir. 2004). However, where a party 17 moves to amend after the Court’s deadline for filing motions or amending the pleadings, Federal 18 Rule of Civil Procedure 16 governs, and the party must show good cause and obtain the judge’s 19 consent to modify the deadlines set by the Court. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 16(b)(4). “The ‘good cause’ 20 standard primarily considers the diligence of the party seeking the amendment. Carelessness is 21 not compatible with a finding of diligence and offers no reason to grant relief.” Hannon v. Chater, 22 887 F. Supp. 1303, 1319 (N.D. Cal. 1995) (internal alterations and quotations omitted) (quoting 23 Johnson v. Mammoth Recreations, Inc., 975 F.2d 604, 607–08 (9th Cir. 1992)). 24 III. DISCUSSION 25 A. Plaintiff has not Established that RLG may be Substituted as Plaintiff 26 Plaintiff moves to substitute RLG as plaintiff under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25(c). 27 4 1 Mot. at 3. Plaintiff first argues that Plaintiff has merged into RLG and Plaintiff’s interest in this 2 litigation has therefore been transferred to RLG. Second, Plaintiff argues that substituting RLG 3 for Plaintiff would facilitate litigation because Defendants are attempting to block discovery by 4 arguing that Plaintiff is not entitled to conduct discovery past the date it merged into RLG. Mot. 5 at 4. Defendants argue that Plaintiff has produced insufficient evidence that a merger took place 6 between Plaintiff and RLG, and therefore the motion for substitution should be denied. Opp. at 7 12. 8 Rule 25(c) provides that “[i]f an interest is transferred, the action may be continued by or 9 against the original party unless the court, on motion, orders the transferee to be substituted in the 10 action or joined with the original party.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(c). “Rule 25(c) is not designed to 11 create new relationships among parties to a suit but is designed to allow the action to continue 12 unabated when an interest in the lawsuit changes hands.” In re Bernal, 207 F.3d at 598. Thus, 13 whether the Court should exercise its discretion and allow a substitution turns on whether the 14 substitution will facilitate the case. Id. 15 Defendants argue that Plaintiff has presented insufficient evidence that there has been a 16 “transfer of interest” subject to Rule 25(c). Under Rule 25(c), a “transfer of interest” “require[s] 17 that the assets as well as liabilities be transferred.” Bullets2Bandges, LLC v. Caliber Corporation, 18 2019 WL 5684400, at *3 (S.D. Cal. Nov. 1, 2019). Defendants argue that Plaintiff has refused to 19 produce the “Merger Agreement” for the alleged merger between Plaintiff and RLG, and therefore 20 Plaintiff has failed to provide evidence establishing that a statutorily defined merger has occurred. 21 Moreover, Defendants argue that Plaintiff has provided insufficient evidence that Plaintiff 22 transferred its interest in this lawsuit to RLG. In response, Plaintiff argues that it has provided (1) 23 a “Certificate of Merger” between the companies, filed in Delaware; (2) a “Fictitious Business 24 Name Records listing Best Label Company as a fictitious business name filed by RLG”; (3) a 25 “Certificate of Cancellation” for Plaintiff; and (4) the registration of RLG to do business in 26 California. Reply at 5. Plaintiff argues that these documents demonstrate that Plaintiff and RLG 27 5 1 merged, and that under California and Delaware law Plaintiff’s interest transferred automatically 2 to RLG. 3 However, Plaintiff has not produced a single case to support Plaintiff’s contention that 4 these documents, absent an Asset Purchase Agreement or other source of information regarding 5 the terms of the merger, are sufficient to demonstrate that there was a “transfer of interest” 6 between Plaintiff and RLG pursuant to Rule 25(c). The sole case that Plaintiff cites states that 7 “[c]ertified copies of the documents of merger and filing were introduced as an exhibit” in order to 8 demonstrate that a third-party “succeeded to all the rights, assets and liabilities” of the plaintiff. 9 Feener Business Schools, Inc. v. Speedwriting Pub. Co., 249 F.2d 609, 611 (1st Cir. 1957). In the 10 instant case, Plaintiff has not produced the “documents of merger.” Indeed, when other courts 11 have faced the same issue, they have examined the Asset Purchase Agreement or Merger 12 Agreement to determine whether there was a “transfer of interest.” See Bullets2Bandages, LLC, 13 2019 WL 5684400, at *3 (examining the Asset Purchase Agreement to determine whether a third- 14 party accepted Plaintiff’s liabilities); Munoz v. PHH Mortgage Corporation, 2020 WL 1547441, at 15 *5–6 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 1, 2020) (examining a Merger Agreement to determine whether there was a 16 statutorily defined merger and interest was transferred). 17 Without an Asset Purchase Agreement or a single case to support the contention that a 18 “Certificate of Merger” is sufficient to demonstrate that a transfer of interest took place between 19 Plaintiff and RLG, Plaintiff has failed to establish that RLG may be substituted for Plaintiff under 20 Rule 25(c). Accordingly, the Court denies Plaintiff’s motion to substitute RLG as plaintiff in this 21 action. 22 B. Plaintiff Has Not Shown “Good Cause” to Modify the Court’s Schedule 23 Plaintiff also seeks leave to amend its complaint in order to add a claim for relief under the 24 Defend Trade Secrets Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1836 (“DTSA”). Mot. at 6. Defendants oppose this 25 request on the grounds that it is (1) untimely; (2) Plaintiff has failed to show good cause; and (3) it 26 would prejudice Defendants. Opp. at 11–12. 27 6 1 Pursuant to Rule 15 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a party may amend its 2 pleading once as a matter of course, either twenty-one days after serving the pleading or within 3 twenty-one days after service of a responsive pleading or a motion under 12(b), (e), or (f), 4 whichever is earlier. Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(1). Otherwise, a party may only amend its complaint 5 with the opposing party’s permission or with leave from the court. Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). Rule 6 15(a)(2) provides that leave to amend should be freely given “when justice so requires.” Fed. R. 7 Civ. P. 15(a)(2). In general, the Court considers five factors in assessing a motion for leave to 8 amend: “bad faith, undue delay, prejudice to the opposing party, futility of amendment, and 9 whether the [party] has previously amended the [pleading].” Johnson v. Buckley, 356 F.3d 1067, 10 1077 (9th Cir. 2004). 11 However, where a party seeks leave to amend a pleading after the Court’s deadline for 12 amending pleadings has passed, Rule 16 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure governs. See 13 Fed. R. Civ. P. 16. Under Rule 16, the party must show good cause and obtain the judge’s consent 14 in order to modify the deadlines set by the Court. Fed. R. Civ. P. 16(b)(4). “The ‘good cause’ 15 standard primarily considers the diligence of the party seeking the amendment.” Hannon, 887 F. 16 Supp. at 1319 (internal citation and quotations omitted); see also Green v. Bimbo Bakeries USA, 17 2014 WL 12641598, at *2 (N.D. Cal. July 7, 2014) (same). Moreover, “[c]arelessness is not 18 compatible with a finding of diligence and offers no reason to grant relief.” Id. 19 Here, the Court’s deadline to amend pleadings or add parties was April 24, 2020. ECF No. 20 45. Plaintiff did not file the instant motion until October 15, 2020. Mot. at 1. Rule 16(b)(4) 21 therefore governs, and Plaintiff must show “good cause” for the requested amendment. Id. 22 Plaintiff argues that leave to amend should be granted because (1) “two of [Plaintiff’s] 23 counsel were on an extended leave of absence”; (2) “[Plaintiff] was focused on responding to 24 Defendants’ discovery, scheduling and attending mediation, entering into a protective order, and 25 embattled in numerous discovery disputes”; and (3) Plaintiff “considered adding the DTSA claim 26 earlier, but did not want to burden the Court with its request.” Reply at 8. These arguments only 27 7 ] demonstrate that Plaintiff lacked diligence in seeking leave to amend the complaint and was 2 || careless in not seeking an amendment earlier. Hannon, 887 F. Supp. at 1319 (“The ‘good cause’ 3 standard primarily considers the diligence of the party seeking the amendment.”). Moreover, the 4 || Court notes that between the April 24, 2020 deadline to amend pleadings or add parties and the 5 date Plaintiff filed the instant motion, Plaintiff's counsel signed multiple filings in this case. See, 6 e.g., ECF No. 56; ECF No. 59; ECF No. 61. Plaintiff’s argument that Plaintiff's counsel were on 7 || leaves of absence therefore lacks merit. 8 Accordingly, Plaintiff's motion for leave to amend the complaint in order to add a claim 9 || for relief under the DTSA is denied. 10 |} IV. CONCLUSION 11 For the foregoing reasons, the Court DENIES Plaintiff's motion to substitute plaintiff and ‘12 || for leave to file a first amended complaint.

Y 14 || ITISSO ORDERED. Oo 15

16 |} Dated: March 16, 2021 NL oh. Foy HM LUCY F¥ KOH 4 18 United States District Judge 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Case No. 19-CV-03051-LHK ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO SUBSTITUTE PLAINTIFF AND FOR LEAVE TO FILE FIRST