Texas Parks & Wildlife Department v. E.E. Lowrey Realty, Ltd.

155 S.W.3d 456, 2004 WL 2480967
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedJanuary 25, 2005
Docket10-02-00317-CV
StatusPublished
Cited by23 cases

This text of 155 S.W.3d 456 (Texas Parks & Wildlife Department v. E.E. Lowrey Realty, Ltd.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Texas Parks & Wildlife Department v. E.E. Lowrey Realty, Ltd., 155 S.W.3d 456, 2004 WL 2480967 (Tex. Ct. App. 2005).

Opinion

OPINION

BILL VANCE, Justice.

This is an interlocutory appeal of the denial of a plea to the jurisdiction. E.E. Lowrey Realty, Ltd. and the estate of E.E. Lowrey (collectively “Lowrey”) brought suit against the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and Doug Hammitt and Marvin C. Wills, Jr., employees of the Department, for fire damage to premises owned by Lowrey and leased by the Department to store a boat. Lowre/s petition alleged that the negligence of the employees in installing lights on the boat caused a fire and that the Department breached its lease agreement by not compensating Lowrey for damages to the premises. The Department, Hammitt, and Wills filed pleas to the jurisdiction, contending that sovereign immunity bars Lowrey’s claims. The trial court overruled the plea.

The Department, Hammitt, and Wills complain on appeal that the trial court erred in: (1) making findings of fact, (2) overruling the plea to the jurisdiction as to the breach-of-contract claim, and (3) overruling the plea as to the tort claim. We will dismiss the employees’ appeals. We will also reverse the trial court’s order and remand the cause for further proceedings.

CLAIMS AGAINST THE EMPLOYEES

Section 51.014(a)(8) of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code permits an interlocutory appeal of the grant or denial of a governmental unit’s plea to the jurisdiction. Tex. Civ. PRAC. & Rem.Code ANN. § 51.014(a)(8) (Vernon Supp.2004). The right to such an appeal does not, however, extend to an employee of the governmental unit, even when the employee is a codefendant with the governmental unit. See Castleberry Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Doe, 35 S.W.3d 777, 780 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2001, pet. dism’d w.o.j.); Univ. of *458 Houston v. Elthon, 9 S.W.3d 351, 354 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, pet. dism’d w.o.j.); Dallas County Community College Dist. v. Bolton, 990 S.W.2d 465, 467 (Tex.App.-Dallas 1999, no pet.); but see Nueces County v. Ferguson, 97 S.W.3d 205, 210 n. 2 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 2002, no pet.).

We requested that the employees show grounds for continuing the appeal. In a letter-brief, the Attorney General argues that, although an employee named in an individual capacity may not appeal, an employee named in an official capacity should enjoy the benefit of the statute allowing an interlocutory appeal. He points to decisions saying that a suit filed against an employee in an official capacity is an attempt to impose liability on the State and therefore the suit is in actuality against the governmental unit. See, e.g., Vela v. Rocha, 52 S.W.3d 398, 403 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 2001, no pet.). The employee may raise any defense available to the governmental unit, including sovereign immunity, when sued in an official capacity. 1 See, e.g., Gonzalez v. Avalos, 866 S.W.2d 346, 349 (Tex.App.-El Paso 1993, writ dism’d w.o.j.). Because both the governmental unit and the employee are “the state” in that circumstance, the Attorney General reasons, an employee sued in an official capacity should be allowed to appeal an adverse ruling on a plea to the jurisdiction based on sovereign immunity.

We are faced, however, with the plain meaning of the words used in the statute— “governmental unit.” Tex. Civ. PRac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 51.014(a)(8) (referring to the definition in section 100.101); St. Luke’s Episcopal Hosp. v. Agbor, 952 S.W.2d 503, 505 (Tex.1997) (“The Legislature’s intent is determined from the plain and common meaning of the words used.”). Hammitt and Wills are individuals, not governmental units.

Alternatively, the Attorney General asks us to treat the employees’ pleas to the jurisdiction as a motion for summary judgment, the denial of which would be reviewable under section 51.014(a)(5) of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 51.014(a)(5) (Vernon Supp.2004). We decline the invitation.

We dismiss the appeals of Doug Ham-mitt and Marvin C. Wills, Jr. for want of jurisdiction to entertain them.

THE DEPARTMENT’S ISSUES

The Department asserts three issues.

Findings of Fact

The Department’s first issue contends that the trial court erred in making findings of fact. “[N]o statute permits the interlocutory appeal of a trial court’s entry of findings of fact.” In re H2O Plumbing, Inc., 115 S.W.3d 79, 81 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2003, orig. proceeding). We dismiss the issue.

Plea to the Jurisdiction—Tort Claims Act

The Department’s third issue contends that the trial court erred in overruling the Department’s plea to the jurisdiction—based on sovereign immunity-related to claims under the Texas Tort Claims Act.

Unless the state consents, sovereign immunity deprives a trial court of subject matter jurisdiction of suits against the state and certain governmental units. Texas Department of Parks and Wildlife v. Miranda, 133 S.W.3d 217, 224 (Tex.2004). The Tort Claims Act provides a limited waiver of sovereign immunity. Id.;

*459 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. §§ 101.001-109 (Vernon 1997 & Supp. 2004). It waives sovereign immunity for tort liability for property damage “aris[ing] from the operation or use of a motor-driven vehicle or motor-driven equipment.” Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 101.021(1)(A) (Vernon 1997). For liability to “arise out of’ the use of a vehicle, there must be a nexus between the operation or use of the motor-driven vehicle or equipment and the plaintiffs injury. Dallas Area Rapid Transit v. Whitley, 104 S.W.3d 540, 543 (Tex.2003); Tex. Nat. Resource Conservation Com’n v. White, 46 S.W.3d 864, 869 (Tex.2001). The burden rests with the plaintiff to plead facts that affirmatively show that the court has jurisdiction. 2 Godley ISD v. Woods, 21 S.W.3d 656, 658 (Tex.App.-Waco 2000, pet. denied). Our review of the trial court’s ruling on a plea to the jurisdiction is de novo. Id.; Miranda, 133 S.W.3d at 226.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
155 S.W.3d 456, 2004 WL 2480967, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/texas-parks-wildlife-department-v-ee-lowrey-realty-ltd-texapp-2005.