COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Chief Judge Huff, Judges Decker and AtLee UNPUBLISHED
Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia
TERRY STINNIE MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 1719-16-1 JUDGE RICHARD Y. ATLEE, JR. OCTOBER 3, 2017 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF HAMPTON Christopher W. Hutton, Judge
F. Daniel Mazzio, III, Deputy Public Defender, for appellant.
Rosemary V. Bourne, Senior Assistant Attorney General (Mark R. Herring, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
A jury found Terry Stinnie guilty of strangulation and domestic assault and battery.1 On
appeal, he argues that “[t]he trial court erred in denying [his] Motion to Dismiss because his
statutory right to a speedy trial, pursuant to Virginia Code § 19.2-243, was violated.” We
disagree, and affirm Stinnie’s convictions.
I. BACKGROUND
“On appeal, ʻwe consider the evidence and all reasonable inferences flowing from that
evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the prevailing party at trial.’”
Farewell v. Commonwealth, 62 Va. App. 428, 430, 749 S.E.2d 197, 199 (2013) (quoting
Williams v. Commonwealth, 49 Va. App. 439, 442, 642 S.E.2d 295, 296 (2007) (en banc)). A
grand jury returned direct indictments charging Stinnie with felony strangulation, in violation of
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 1 The same jury acquitted Stinnie of abduction and object sexual penetration. Code § 18.2-51.6, and misdemeanor domestic assault and battery, in violation of Code
§ 18.2-57.2. Stinnie was arrested on March 11, 2015, and posted bond several weeks later.
By agreement, Stinnie and the Commonwealth selected May 29, 2015 for a bench trial.
At a pre-trial conference on April 30, 2015, however, Stinnie requested a jury trial. Because of
this request, the trial court moved the trial to the new date selected by the parties: July 9, 2015.2
Stinnie later moved to continue the July 9, 2015 trial. The trial court granted Stinnie’s motion
and reset the trial, again by agreement, for January 27, 2016.
On January 25, 2016, Stinnie again moved to continue the trial, alleging that the
Commonwealth had withheld exculpatory evidence. At a hearing on January 27, 2016, the trial
court granted Stinnie’s motion and continued the case to February 8, 2016 to “check status.”
Initially, the trial court declared that the delay would be charged to Stinnie because his attorney
had been “dilatory” in his “pretrial investigation.” After reviewing the withheld evidence,
however, the trial court reconsidered and ruled that the delay would be charged instead to the
Commonwealth “if it ever becomes an issue of speedy trial.”
On February 8, 2016, Stinnie and the Commonwealth agreed to a new trial date of July
19, 2016. Stinnie’s counsel said he was “not sure that this will at any point be an issue but . . .
note[d] for the record that [Stinnie wa]s not waiving his speedy trial rights for the purpose of this
continuance.” The trial court’s February 8, 2016 order declared that “[b]y agreement, this matter
is set on July 19 and 20, 2016 at 9:00 o’clock A.M. for trial by jury.”3
2 Viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, we infer that this change from a bench trial to a jury trial required the trial court to move the trial date to a day other than May 29, 2015. We also observe that Stinnie never requested that the jury trial occur on May 29, 2015. 3 Although this order is not included in the appendix, it is part of the record transmitted to this Court. Per Rule 5A:25(h), we may consider documents included in the record but left out of the appendix. See Cabral v. Cabral, 62 Va. App. 600, 604 n.1, 751 S.E.2d 4, 7 n.1 (2013). -2- Before trial, Stinnie moved to dismiss the charges against him, asserting a violation of his
right to a speedy trial, as guaranteed by Code § 19.2-243. The trial court denied the motion and
ruled that, with respect to the two charges at issue in this appeal, Stinnie had waived his right to a
speedy trial by agreeing to the trial date of July 19, 2016.4 The case proceeded to trial on July
19, 2016, and the jury ultimately found Stinnie guilty of the two charges at issue in this appeal.
As punishment, the jury recommended a total of $5,000 in fines. The trial court imposed the
jury’s recommendation, but suspended half of the fines for a period of five years provided
Stinnie complied with certain conditions. Stinnie then noted his appeal.
II. ANALYSIS
Determining the merits of a statutory speedy trial claim “ʻinvolve[s] a review of the
whole record and a consideration of the trial court orders in the context of the record that come
before’ the court.” Brown v. Commonwealth, 57 Va. App. 381, 389-90, 702 S.E.2d 582, 586
(2010) (quoting Baity v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 497, 503, 431 S.E.2d 891, 895 (1993) (en
banc)). “In its review, this Court will give deference to the trial court’s findings of fact, but
review the trial court’s ‘statutory interpretations and legal conclusions de novo.’” Id. at 390, 702
S.E.2d at 586 (quoting Sink v. Commonwealth, 28 Va. App. 655, 658, 507 S.E.2d 670, 671
(1998)).
4 There are two species of statutory speedy trial waiver: “general” and “limited.” When an accused makes a general waiver of his statutory speedy trial rights, “the accused foregoes his or her rights granted by Code § 19.2-243.” Mitchell v. Commonwealth, 30 Va. App. 520, 528, 518 S.E.2d 330, 334 (1999). When an accused makes a limited waiver of those rights, he “foregoes the statutory protection for a specified period of time. Where a defendant moves for, or concurs in the continuance of a trial date, such action tolls the running of the speedy trial bar and that time is specifically excepted under the statute.” Id. Although the trial court here did not specifically state that Stinnie made a limited waiver of his speedy trial rights, the circumstances show that this was, in fact, the trial court’s ruling. Thus, the waiver found by the trial court applied only to the period between February 8, 2016 and July 19, 2016.
-3- Code § 19.2-243 provides statutory protection of a criminal defendant’s right to a speedy
trial. It declares that an adult who, like Stinnie, has been arrested on outstanding indictments but
has not been held continuously in custody thereafter “shall be forever discharged from
prosecution therefor if no trial is commenced in the circuit court within nine months from” the
date of his arrest. “The nine-month limitation ‘translates to’ at least 273 days.” McCray v.
Commonwealth, 44 Va. App. 334, 342, 605 S.E.2d 291, 294 (2004).
This 273-day deadline has exceptions. Specifically, the requirements of Code § 19.2-243
“shall not apply to such period of time as the failure to try the accused was caused . . . [b]y
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Chief Judge Huff, Judges Decker and AtLee UNPUBLISHED
Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia
TERRY STINNIE MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 1719-16-1 JUDGE RICHARD Y. ATLEE, JR. OCTOBER 3, 2017 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF HAMPTON Christopher W. Hutton, Judge
F. Daniel Mazzio, III, Deputy Public Defender, for appellant.
Rosemary V. Bourne, Senior Assistant Attorney General (Mark R. Herring, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
A jury found Terry Stinnie guilty of strangulation and domestic assault and battery.1 On
appeal, he argues that “[t]he trial court erred in denying [his] Motion to Dismiss because his
statutory right to a speedy trial, pursuant to Virginia Code § 19.2-243, was violated.” We
disagree, and affirm Stinnie’s convictions.
I. BACKGROUND
“On appeal, ʻwe consider the evidence and all reasonable inferences flowing from that
evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, the prevailing party at trial.’”
Farewell v. Commonwealth, 62 Va. App. 428, 430, 749 S.E.2d 197, 199 (2013) (quoting
Williams v. Commonwealth, 49 Va. App. 439, 442, 642 S.E.2d 295, 296 (2007) (en banc)). A
grand jury returned direct indictments charging Stinnie with felony strangulation, in violation of
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 1 The same jury acquitted Stinnie of abduction and object sexual penetration. Code § 18.2-51.6, and misdemeanor domestic assault and battery, in violation of Code
§ 18.2-57.2. Stinnie was arrested on March 11, 2015, and posted bond several weeks later.
By agreement, Stinnie and the Commonwealth selected May 29, 2015 for a bench trial.
At a pre-trial conference on April 30, 2015, however, Stinnie requested a jury trial. Because of
this request, the trial court moved the trial to the new date selected by the parties: July 9, 2015.2
Stinnie later moved to continue the July 9, 2015 trial. The trial court granted Stinnie’s motion
and reset the trial, again by agreement, for January 27, 2016.
On January 25, 2016, Stinnie again moved to continue the trial, alleging that the
Commonwealth had withheld exculpatory evidence. At a hearing on January 27, 2016, the trial
court granted Stinnie’s motion and continued the case to February 8, 2016 to “check status.”
Initially, the trial court declared that the delay would be charged to Stinnie because his attorney
had been “dilatory” in his “pretrial investigation.” After reviewing the withheld evidence,
however, the trial court reconsidered and ruled that the delay would be charged instead to the
Commonwealth “if it ever becomes an issue of speedy trial.”
On February 8, 2016, Stinnie and the Commonwealth agreed to a new trial date of July
19, 2016. Stinnie’s counsel said he was “not sure that this will at any point be an issue but . . .
note[d] for the record that [Stinnie wa]s not waiving his speedy trial rights for the purpose of this
continuance.” The trial court’s February 8, 2016 order declared that “[b]y agreement, this matter
is set on July 19 and 20, 2016 at 9:00 o’clock A.M. for trial by jury.”3
2 Viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, we infer that this change from a bench trial to a jury trial required the trial court to move the trial date to a day other than May 29, 2015. We also observe that Stinnie never requested that the jury trial occur on May 29, 2015. 3 Although this order is not included in the appendix, it is part of the record transmitted to this Court. Per Rule 5A:25(h), we may consider documents included in the record but left out of the appendix. See Cabral v. Cabral, 62 Va. App. 600, 604 n.1, 751 S.E.2d 4, 7 n.1 (2013). -2- Before trial, Stinnie moved to dismiss the charges against him, asserting a violation of his
right to a speedy trial, as guaranteed by Code § 19.2-243. The trial court denied the motion and
ruled that, with respect to the two charges at issue in this appeal, Stinnie had waived his right to a
speedy trial by agreeing to the trial date of July 19, 2016.4 The case proceeded to trial on July
19, 2016, and the jury ultimately found Stinnie guilty of the two charges at issue in this appeal.
As punishment, the jury recommended a total of $5,000 in fines. The trial court imposed the
jury’s recommendation, but suspended half of the fines for a period of five years provided
Stinnie complied with certain conditions. Stinnie then noted his appeal.
II. ANALYSIS
Determining the merits of a statutory speedy trial claim “ʻinvolve[s] a review of the
whole record and a consideration of the trial court orders in the context of the record that come
before’ the court.” Brown v. Commonwealth, 57 Va. App. 381, 389-90, 702 S.E.2d 582, 586
(2010) (quoting Baity v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 497, 503, 431 S.E.2d 891, 895 (1993) (en
banc)). “In its review, this Court will give deference to the trial court’s findings of fact, but
review the trial court’s ‘statutory interpretations and legal conclusions de novo.’” Id. at 390, 702
S.E.2d at 586 (quoting Sink v. Commonwealth, 28 Va. App. 655, 658, 507 S.E.2d 670, 671
(1998)).
4 There are two species of statutory speedy trial waiver: “general” and “limited.” When an accused makes a general waiver of his statutory speedy trial rights, “the accused foregoes his or her rights granted by Code § 19.2-243.” Mitchell v. Commonwealth, 30 Va. App. 520, 528, 518 S.E.2d 330, 334 (1999). When an accused makes a limited waiver of those rights, he “foregoes the statutory protection for a specified period of time. Where a defendant moves for, or concurs in the continuance of a trial date, such action tolls the running of the speedy trial bar and that time is specifically excepted under the statute.” Id. Although the trial court here did not specifically state that Stinnie made a limited waiver of his speedy trial rights, the circumstances show that this was, in fact, the trial court’s ruling. Thus, the waiver found by the trial court applied only to the period between February 8, 2016 and July 19, 2016.
-3- Code § 19.2-243 provides statutory protection of a criminal defendant’s right to a speedy
trial. It declares that an adult who, like Stinnie, has been arrested on outstanding indictments but
has not been held continuously in custody thereafter “shall be forever discharged from
prosecution therefor if no trial is commenced in the circuit court within nine months from” the
date of his arrest. “The nine-month limitation ‘translates to’ at least 273 days.” McCray v.
Commonwealth, 44 Va. App. 334, 342, 605 S.E.2d 291, 294 (2004).
This 273-day deadline has exceptions. Specifically, the requirements of Code § 19.2-243
“shall not apply to such period of time as the failure to try the accused was caused . . . [b]y
continuance granted on the motion of the accused or his counsel.” Code § 19.2-243(4). Thus
delays caused by Stinnie’s motions to continue must be subtracted from the overall time elapsed
between Stinnie’s arrest and trial. Stinnie was arrested on March 11, 2015, and his trial began
July 19, 2016. In total, 496 days elapsed between those dates.
For the reasons that follow, we find that at least 243 of those 496 days accrued as a result
of Stinnie’s motions to continue, and thus there was no violation of his statutory right to a speedy
trial.
Stinnie was arrested on March 11, 2015 and later agreed to a May 29, 2015 bench trial.
The 79 days between Stinnie’s arrest and the initial trial date count against the Commonwealth,
even though the trial date was set by agreement with Stinnie. See Ballance v. Commonwealth,
21 Va. App. 1, 6, 461 S.E.2d 401, 403 (1995). But “[o]nce the initial trial date is set, every
continuance postpones the trial date regardless of the reason for the continuance or the identity of
the moving party.” Howard v. Commonwealth, 281 Va. 455, 460, 706 S.E.2d 885, 888 (2011).
Stinnie’s later request to be tried by a jury required that his trial be moved from the date
originally set, May 29, 2015, to a new date, July 9, 2015. Although neither Stinnie nor the trial
court used the word “continuance” at the hearing when the May 29, 2015 trial date was moved,
-4- the result was a continuance of that initial trial date to a later date. The continuance resulted in a
41-day delay, and such delay is chargeable to Stinnie. See Stinnie v. Commonwealth, 22
Va. App. 726, 729-30, 473 S.E.2d 83, 84-85 (1996) (en banc) (holding that delay granted to
defendant for additional trial preparation after he dismissed his court-appointed counsel was
chargeable to defendant because continuance was solely for defendant’s benefit); see also Heath
v. Commonwealth, 261 Va. 389, 393-94, 541 S.E.2d 906, 908-09 (2001) (holding that
defendant’s motion for psychiatric examination, including determination of competency,
“implicitly requested the circuit court to continue the case” and tolled the speedy trial period
because trial could not proceed until examination was completed).
In a recent unpublished order, the Supreme Court confronted a similar situation. In Perry
v. Commonwealth,5 No. 160530, 2017 Va. LEXIS 12 (Va. May 18, 2017), the defendant initially
requested a bench trial, but later changed his mind and demanded a jury. He objected to any
continuance of the pending trial. “The trial court granted the request for a jury trial but
determined that a continuance was necessary to empanel a jury.” Id. at *2. The trial court then
set the case for trial by jury on a date outside the speedy trial period.6 In its order affirming
Perry’s conviction and finding that no speedy trial violation occurred, the Supreme Court noted
that “tolling applies not only to explicitly requested continuances but also continuances that are
necessitated by other motions by or actions of the defendant” and “[d]elays necessitated by the
defense are not attributable to the Commonwealth and thus cannot violate the statute.” Id. at *6,
*7. In Stinnie’s case, as in Perry, Stinnie’s request for a jury constituted an “ʻact which
necessitated a slowdown of the judicial process,’ and is fairly attributable to the defense.” Id. at
5 Although not binding authority, this order is nevertheless informative. See Rule 5A:1(f). 6 Here, the new trial date of July 9, 2015 was still well within the speedy trial period. -5- *6 (quoting Stephens v. Commonwealth, 225 Va. 224, 233, 301 S.E.2d 22, 27 (1983)). The
41-day delay between the initial trial date and the subsequent trial date was the result of Stinnie’s
request for a jury, and thus is chargeable to Stinnie. For that reason, we subtract those 41 days
from the total time between arrest and trial, or 496 days, leaving a total period of 455 days.
Stinnie concedes the delay of 202 days between July 9, 2015 and January 27, 2016 was
the result of his motion to continue and was chargeable to him. Subtracting 202 from 455 leaves
us with 253 days. Because this does not exceed the 273 days within which the Commonwealth
was required to try Stinnie, we need not resolve whether the speedy trial clock was tolled during
the 174-day period between January 27, 2016 and Stinnie’s trial date of July 19, 2016.
Assuming without deciding that all of that time was chargeable to the Commonwealth, Stinnie
nevertheless was tried before the speedy trial deadline. As such, there was no violation of
Stinnie’s statutory right to a speedy trial.
III. CONCLUSION
Because Stinnie’s trial began before the statutory speedy trial deadline, we affirm his
convictions.
Affirmed.
-6-