Terrebonne v. Theriot

657 So. 2d 1358, 1995 WL 377597
Louisiana Court of Appeal·Decided June 23, 1995·No. 94 CA 1632·Published·Cited by 21 cases

Opinion

657 So.2d 1358 (1995)

Nancy M. TERREBONNE, Testamentary Executrix of the Succession of Peggy T. Theriot
v.
Nacis J. THERIOT, et al.

No. 94 CA 1632.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, First Circuit.

June 23, 1995.
Rehearing Denied August 17, 1995.

*1359 Stanley L. Perry, Galliano, for plaintiff-appellant.

George J. Ledet, Jr., Cut Off, for defendant-appellee.

Before WATKINS and FOGG, JJ., and TANNER, J. Pro Tem.[1]

THOMAS T. TANNER, Judge Pro Tem.

A Petition for Supplemental Partition of Community Property was filed in this case by Peggy T. Theriot against: her former husband, Nacis J. Theriot, Mr. Theriot's current wife, June L. Theriot, the current Mrs. Theriot's mother, Clara Bell Lefebvre, the current Mrs. Theriot's daughter, Monica L. Lefebvre, and Carter & Associates, Inc., a corporation allegedly owned by June Theriot, Clara Bell Lefebvre and Monica L. Lefebvre.[2] Plaintiff alleges in her petition that *1360 Nacis Theriot "fraudulently interposed other parties as shareholders for the sole purpose of concealing his true ownership of the corporate stock" of Carter & Associates, Inc., and that, the other parties voluntarily and willfully participated in this fraud, preventing the division of a community asset in the prior community property partition, and causing her damage as a result.

In response to Peggy T. Theriot's lawsuit, the defendants filed an exception pleading the objection of res judicata, asserting that a prior suit entitled Peggy T. Theriot v. Nacis J. Theriot, Number 60624, also filed in the Seventeenth Judicial District Court precluded suit on the basis of the doctrine of res judicata. Further, defendants filed an exception pleading the objection of prescription claiming the matter had prescribed under La.C.C. art. 1413. An exception pleading the objection of no cause of action was filed on behalf of defendants, June L. Theriot, Clara Bell Lefebvre, Monica Lefebvre, and Carter & Associates, Inc., asserting that the suit cannot be maintained as to them since they were not parties to the community which formally existed between Nacis and Peggy T. Theriot.

Subsequently, judgments were rendered by the trial judge in favor of defendants, granting the exceptions pleading the objections of res judicata and prescription and dismissing plaintiff's claims. The judgments of the trial court did not address defendants' exception pleading the objection of no cause of action; we therefore can assume this exception was denied. R.A.K. v. Board of Trustees of State Employees Group Benefits Program, 558 So.2d 633 (La.App. 1st Cir. 1990).[3] Plaintiff appeals the trial court judgments, and asserts that the trial judge erred "in maintaining the Exception of Res Judicata and ... in maintaining the Exception of Prescription...."

Initially we note that the objection of res judicata is currently governed by La.R.S. 13:4231 and 13:4232, which provide as follows:

§ 4231. Res judicata
Except as otherwise provided by law, a valid and final judgment is conclusive between the same parties, except on appeal or other direct review, to the following extent:
(1) If the judgment is in favor of the plaintiff, all causes of action existing at the time of final judgment arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the litigation are extinguished and merged in the judgment.
(2) If the judgment is in favor of the defendant, all causes of action existing at the time of final judgment arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the litigation are extinguished and the judgment bars a subsequent action on those causes of action.
(3) A judgment in favor of either the plaintiff or the defendant is conclusive, in any subsequent action between them, with respect to any issue actually litigated and determined if its determination was essential to that judgment.
§ 4232. Exceptions to the general rule of res judicata
A. A judgment does not bar another action by the plaintiff:
(1) When exceptional circumstances justify relief from the res judicata effect of the judgment;
*1361 (2) When the judgment dismissed the first action without prejudice; or,
(3) When the judgment reserved the right of the plaintiff to bring another action.
B. In an action for divorce under Civil Code Article 102 or 103, in an action for determination of incidental matters under Civil Code Article 105, in an action for contributions to a spouse's education or training under Civil Code Article 121, and in an action for partition of community property and settlement of claims between spouses under R.S. 9:2801, the judgment has the effect of res judicata only as to causes of action actually adjudicated.

Section 5 of Acts 1990, No. 521, § 1, further provides: "This Act shall become effective January 1, 1991, and shall apply to all civil actions filed on or after January 1, 1991. The preclusive effect and authority of a judgment rendered in an action filed before the effective date of this Act shall be determined by the law in effect prior to January 1, 1991." Although the present suit was filed on May 20, 1994, the prior action was filed before January 1, 1991; therefore, we must look to the law in effect prior to January 1, 1991.

The precursor of La.R.S. 13:4231 was La.C.C. art. 2286 which provided:

The authority of the thing adjudged takes place only with respect to what was the object of the judgment. The thing demanded must be the same; the demand must be founded on the same cause of action; the demand must be between the same parties, and formed by them against each other in the same quality.

Thus, under the old law, relitigation of the object of a judgment is barred when there is present: (1) identity of the thing demanded; (2) the same cause of action; and (3) the same parties appearing in the same quality. Safeco Insurance Company of America v. Palermo, 436 So.2d 536 (La.1983). The burden of proof is upon the pleader to establish the essential facts to sustain the plea of res judicata. Leger v. Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 607 So.2d 744 (La. App. 1st Cir.1992). If any doubt exists as to its application, the exception of res judicata must be overruled and the second suit maintained. Succession of Turner, 610 So.2d 919 (La.App. 1st Cir.1992). Further, a final judgment has the authority of res judicata only as to those issues presented in the pleadings and conclusively adjudicated by the court. Succession of Turner, 610 So.2d at 922.

La.C.C.P. art. 931 provides, in pertinent part, "On the trial of the peremptory exception pleaded at or prior to trial of the case, evidence may be introduced to support or controvert any of the objections pleaded, when the grounds thereof do not appear from the petition." A hearing in this matter was held and the transcript of the prior proceeding was introduced into evidence; no additional evidence was received and no testimony was taken.

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Terrebonne v. Theriot, 657 So. 2d 1358, 1995 WL 377597 (La. Ct. App. 1995).

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