Terrance Alexander a/k/a Terrance Lamont Alexander v. State of Mississippi
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Opinion
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2023-KA-00331-COA
TERRANCE ALEXANDER A/K/A TERRANCE APPELLANT LAMONT ALEXANDER
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 02/16/2023 TRIAL JUDGE: HON. MICHAEL M. TAYLOR COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: PIKE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: JOHN R. REEVES ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL BY: DANIELLE LOVE BURKS DISTRICT ATTORNEY: DEE BATES NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - FELONY DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 11/07/2024 MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
EN BANC.
EMFINGER, J., FOR THE COURT:
PART ONE
¶1. On October 21, 2021, Terrance Alexander was indicted for three counts of sexual
battery (Counts One, Two, and Three), six counts of exploitation of a child (Counts Four,
Five, Six, Seven, Eight, and Nine), and one count of possession of child pornography (Count
Ten). Prior to trial, the court severed Counts One, Two, Three, and Ten. After a two-day
trial, Alexander was found guilty of each of the six counts of child exploitation on February
16, 2023. Alexander was sentenced to serve forty years for each count of child exploitation,
with each count set to run consecutively, for a total of 240 years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC). Aggrieved by the outcome of the trial,
Alexander appealed after the trial court denied his post-trial “Motion for JNOV or
Alternatively, Motion for New Trial.”
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. In 2009, Alexander opened a performing arts school called the Jubilee Performing
Arts Center (JPAC) in Pike County, Mississippi, where he served as a teacher and the
executive director. The school was in operation between 2009 and 2020. JPAC had multiple
locations in both Summit, Mississippi, and Brookhaven, Mississippi, during that time.
Alexander testified that JPAC’s mission was to “revive awareness of the fine arts in the
community for the students” and “transform McComb back into the arts hub that it once
was.” Alexander also asserted that the school sought to prepare the students to be competent
and competitive at the next level—whether that be in their careers, college, internships, or
the professional arena. Several years after many of the JPAC students had graduated and
become adults, allegations arose that Alexander had sexually exploited some of the students
who had once attended JPAC. As a result, an investigation into those allegations and
Alexander’s involvement ensued.
¶3. The allegations against Alexander first arose when Latoya Ross1 reported that her
husband, Matthew Jackson,2 had been instructed during his childhood to perform sexual acts
1 Due to the nature of this case, pseudonyms will be used to protect the privacy of the victims named in the indictment. 2 Jackson is not included in Alexander’s indictment; however, his allegations assisted investigators in identifying the individuals listed in the indictment.
2 with another child while he attended JPAC. Further, she reported that Alexander and another
teacher watched the two children engage in the activity. Ross made this report to McComb
Police Department Investigator John Glapion in December 2020. After receiving the
information from Ross, Glapion interviewed Jackson. Glapion found that Jackson’s
statements in that interview were consistent with Ross’ initial report. His interview with
Jackson also revealed the identities of other alleged victims of sexual abuse by Alexander.
¶4. At Glapion’s request, Alexander voluntarily went to the police department, and a
formal interview was conducted regarding Jackson’s allegations. Glapion testified at trial
that Alexander “admitted certain things regarding [Matthew Jackson]” in his interview.
According to Glapion,
I asked Terrance w[ere] there any other kids. Terrance replied there was other kids. I asked Terrance to give me some names. He asked me what names did I have. I told him that I would not give him those names. Terrance told me that there was a [Kenneth Brown], a [Knox Cross3] and a Bradshaw kid who was 16 years old at the time who was his student, that he had let them have sex at his house and at school while he stood in the doorway and watched.
Glapion also testified that Alexander admitted in his interview that
he would coach [the students]. He would actually stop them at some point, tell them, “If you’re going to do it, do it big.” He would tell them, “If you’re going to use toys, use toys if you have them.” He would even go in and start rubbing on the kids and say, “Kiss him like this,” or “Touch him like this.”
According to Glapion, Alexander stated during his interview that
He would have the male subjects that would sing and perform piano to shave all their body hair off their bodies, including their private areas . . . . He would
3 Glapion referred to some of the students in his testimony by slightly different names; however, it is clear from the record that Glapion was referring to Kenneth Brown and Knox Cross. Both Brown and Cross testified at Alexander’s trial.
3 have them come to him nude while he inspect[ed] them . . . .
According to Glapion, Alexander stated that these activities took place both in his home and
at the school.
¶5. After his interview with Alexander, Glapion interviewed Knox Cross, a former JPAC
student who was identified during the interview. Glapion testified that Cross’ statement was
consistent with Jackson’s statement. In Cross’ interview, he identified several other former
JPAC students as victims of Alexander’s abuse, including Nelson Mason, Melissa Jacobs,
and Peter Anthony.4 Other alleged victims were identified; however, some chose not to
participate in the investigation. After Glapion’s interviews with Mason, Jacobs, and
Anthony, a ten-count indictment was filed on October 21, 2021. Alexander’s trial took place
on February 15-16, 2023.
¶6. After Glapion, Jonathan Davidson was the second witness to testify for the State
during Alexander’s trial. While Davidson was not Alexander’s biological son, Alexander
took Davidson into his home when Davidson was fourteen years old and raised him as his
own child. Davidson testified, “I was a troublesome child, so I was kicked out of a lot of
schools, and JPAC was my last option.” Davidson testified that when he got into high
school, “things changed” at home and school. According to Davidson, Alexander taught him
how to masturbate and made him watch pornography. Davidson testified that Alexander told
him that masturbating would help him to refrain from having sex with women and keep his
sin from God. Davidson testified that he and other students were required to attend “acting
4 All three of these students are listed in Alexander’s indictment.
4 lessons” with Alexander at both the school and at Alexander’s home as part of the JPAC
curriculum. According to Davidson, at first, the acting lessons were just that, but later they
evolved into sexual encounters among the JPAC students. Davidson testified that the lessons
“became more so than the acting lesson [and evolved] towards sexual things that me and my
friends would have to do.” Davidson described instances where he and other students would
have to undress in front of Alexander and touch each other in a sexual way. Davidson also
testified that on one occasion, Alexander called upon Davidson to go into a room to make
another student “know that he was gay” by acting out a scene of two gay men. Davidson
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2023-KA-00331-COA
TERRANCE ALEXANDER A/K/A TERRANCE APPELLANT LAMONT ALEXANDER
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 02/16/2023 TRIAL JUDGE: HON. MICHAEL M. TAYLOR COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: PIKE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: JOHN R. REEVES ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL BY: DANIELLE LOVE BURKS DISTRICT ATTORNEY: DEE BATES NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - FELONY DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 11/07/2024 MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
EN BANC.
EMFINGER, J., FOR THE COURT:
PART ONE
¶1. On October 21, 2021, Terrance Alexander was indicted for three counts of sexual
battery (Counts One, Two, and Three), six counts of exploitation of a child (Counts Four,
Five, Six, Seven, Eight, and Nine), and one count of possession of child pornography (Count
Ten). Prior to trial, the court severed Counts One, Two, Three, and Ten. After a two-day
trial, Alexander was found guilty of each of the six counts of child exploitation on February
16, 2023. Alexander was sentenced to serve forty years for each count of child exploitation,
with each count set to run consecutively, for a total of 240 years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC). Aggrieved by the outcome of the trial,
Alexander appealed after the trial court denied his post-trial “Motion for JNOV or
Alternatively, Motion for New Trial.”
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. In 2009, Alexander opened a performing arts school called the Jubilee Performing
Arts Center (JPAC) in Pike County, Mississippi, where he served as a teacher and the
executive director. The school was in operation between 2009 and 2020. JPAC had multiple
locations in both Summit, Mississippi, and Brookhaven, Mississippi, during that time.
Alexander testified that JPAC’s mission was to “revive awareness of the fine arts in the
community for the students” and “transform McComb back into the arts hub that it once
was.” Alexander also asserted that the school sought to prepare the students to be competent
and competitive at the next level—whether that be in their careers, college, internships, or
the professional arena. Several years after many of the JPAC students had graduated and
become adults, allegations arose that Alexander had sexually exploited some of the students
who had once attended JPAC. As a result, an investigation into those allegations and
Alexander’s involvement ensued.
¶3. The allegations against Alexander first arose when Latoya Ross1 reported that her
husband, Matthew Jackson,2 had been instructed during his childhood to perform sexual acts
1 Due to the nature of this case, pseudonyms will be used to protect the privacy of the victims named in the indictment. 2 Jackson is not included in Alexander’s indictment; however, his allegations assisted investigators in identifying the individuals listed in the indictment.
2 with another child while he attended JPAC. Further, she reported that Alexander and another
teacher watched the two children engage in the activity. Ross made this report to McComb
Police Department Investigator John Glapion in December 2020. After receiving the
information from Ross, Glapion interviewed Jackson. Glapion found that Jackson’s
statements in that interview were consistent with Ross’ initial report. His interview with
Jackson also revealed the identities of other alleged victims of sexual abuse by Alexander.
¶4. At Glapion’s request, Alexander voluntarily went to the police department, and a
formal interview was conducted regarding Jackson’s allegations. Glapion testified at trial
that Alexander “admitted certain things regarding [Matthew Jackson]” in his interview.
According to Glapion,
I asked Terrance w[ere] there any other kids. Terrance replied there was other kids. I asked Terrance to give me some names. He asked me what names did I have. I told him that I would not give him those names. Terrance told me that there was a [Kenneth Brown], a [Knox Cross3] and a Bradshaw kid who was 16 years old at the time who was his student, that he had let them have sex at his house and at school while he stood in the doorway and watched.
Glapion also testified that Alexander admitted in his interview that
he would coach [the students]. He would actually stop them at some point, tell them, “If you’re going to do it, do it big.” He would tell them, “If you’re going to use toys, use toys if you have them.” He would even go in and start rubbing on the kids and say, “Kiss him like this,” or “Touch him like this.”
According to Glapion, Alexander stated during his interview that
He would have the male subjects that would sing and perform piano to shave all their body hair off their bodies, including their private areas . . . . He would
3 Glapion referred to some of the students in his testimony by slightly different names; however, it is clear from the record that Glapion was referring to Kenneth Brown and Knox Cross. Both Brown and Cross testified at Alexander’s trial.
3 have them come to him nude while he inspect[ed] them . . . .
According to Glapion, Alexander stated that these activities took place both in his home and
at the school.
¶5. After his interview with Alexander, Glapion interviewed Knox Cross, a former JPAC
student who was identified during the interview. Glapion testified that Cross’ statement was
consistent with Jackson’s statement. In Cross’ interview, he identified several other former
JPAC students as victims of Alexander’s abuse, including Nelson Mason, Melissa Jacobs,
and Peter Anthony.4 Other alleged victims were identified; however, some chose not to
participate in the investigation. After Glapion’s interviews with Mason, Jacobs, and
Anthony, a ten-count indictment was filed on October 21, 2021. Alexander’s trial took place
on February 15-16, 2023.
¶6. After Glapion, Jonathan Davidson was the second witness to testify for the State
during Alexander’s trial. While Davidson was not Alexander’s biological son, Alexander
took Davidson into his home when Davidson was fourteen years old and raised him as his
own child. Davidson testified, “I was a troublesome child, so I was kicked out of a lot of
schools, and JPAC was my last option.” Davidson testified that when he got into high
school, “things changed” at home and school. According to Davidson, Alexander taught him
how to masturbate and made him watch pornography. Davidson testified that Alexander told
him that masturbating would help him to refrain from having sex with women and keep his
sin from God. Davidson testified that he and other students were required to attend “acting
4 All three of these students are listed in Alexander’s indictment.
4 lessons” with Alexander at both the school and at Alexander’s home as part of the JPAC
curriculum. According to Davidson, at first, the acting lessons were just that, but later they
evolved into sexual encounters among the JPAC students. Davidson testified that the lessons
“became more so than the acting lesson [and evolved] towards sexual things that me and my
friends would have to do.” Davidson described instances where he and other students would
have to undress in front of Alexander and touch each other in a sexual way. Davidson also
testified that on one occasion, Alexander called upon Davidson to go into a room to make
another student “know that he was gay” by acting out a scene of two gay men. Davidson
identified Peter Anthony as one of the other students involved in the acting lessons that
evolved into explicit sexual encounters between multiple JPAC students. Davidson testified
that he was around fifteen or sixteen years old when these encounters occurred.
¶7. According to Davidson, Alexander also incorporated religion into the JPAC
curriculum. Davidson testified that Alexander claimed to be able to hear the students’
prayers, and he segregated them into groups by biblical references. Davidson testified that
those groups included the prophets and the Levites, and their group affiliation dictated the
students’ status and responsibilities within the school. According to Davidson, it was not
until he attended real acting classes at the University of Southern Mississippi and later when
he got married that he realized how abnormal and “wrong” things were at JPAC under
Alexander’s leadership.
¶8. Melissa Jacobs, one of the victims named in Count Eight, was the third witness to
testify for the State. Jacobs testified that she attended JPAC between 2011 and 2015 and
5 graduated in the spring of 2015. Jacobs testified that Alexander would always conduct a
morning meeting during the time that she attended JPAC. During those meetings, Jacobs
testified that Alexander would make the girls regularly stand up, and he would comment on
their clothing, makeup, or how their hair was styled. Jacobs testified that the constant
“picking” at her and the other girls ultimately broke her down. Jacobs testified that, in
contrast, Alexander loved the boys. According to Jacobs, Alexander “always kept the boys
close to him.” Jacobs testified that Alexander was especially close to Nelson Mason (her
brother), Jonathan Davidson, Peter Anthony, Kenneth Brown, Knox Cross, Daniel Boyd, and
another student named Derrick. Jacobs testified to a specific incident that took place on a
charter bus coming home from a school-sponsored spring break trip to New York during
March 2014. Jacobs was sixteen years old at the time of the trip. According to Alexander,
sixty-two JPAC students and twenty-seven chaperones went on the trip to New York. On the
trip, the students performed at a school in Harlem and also visited the monuments and other
sights in Washington, D.C. According to Jacobs, she was sitting in the front of the bus on
the way back to JPAC when she got a text from Anthony asking her to come sit by him in the
back of the bus. Jacobs testified that Alexander was sitting one seat beside and behind
Anthony. When Jacobs got to the back of the bus, Anthony asked Jacobs for a “hand job.”
Jacobs testified that after Anthony made his request, Alexander told her, “You have one hour
to do what you’re going to do, and then I need you to go sit back in the front of the bus.”
Jacobs testified, “So I did, and I went and sat back down.”
¶9. Peter Anthony, the victim named in Counts Five, Six, Seven, and Eight, was the fourth
6 witness to testify for the State. Anthony testified that he began taking guitar lessons at JPAC
when he was in seventh grade in 2012. According to Anthony, in the beginning, he had a
typical student/teacher relationship with Alexander. Over time, however, Anthony testified
that the relationship began to change. According to Anthony,
[t]hrough time [Alexander] got closer and would spend more time talking to me in private and asking personal things about my life and claiming that he could see things in my past and in my future, and eventually it got to the point where he told me that he was my spiritual father, and that I didn’t truly belong with my family, and he told me that my family didn’t care for me or love me . . . and would say things like he has spiritual powers from God to do things like change the weather and slow and speed up time. . . . [H]e would talk about how all the students in the school were assigned groups or houses quoting Biblical references of – Levites were those who were supposed to be the musicians and take care of the music, Porters were ones supposed to clean up and tidy things, and then the Prophets, which he claimed I was, [were] the ones that were supposed to share the word of God, and he used that ideology to separate us into groups. And specific teachers had specific affiliations. As he was the Prophet, he was supposed to be the mentor for all the Prophets which gave him more time and exclusion with us, and me in particular.
Anthony testified that Alexander convinced him that Anthony’s older brother had raped him
and that the only way for Anthony to avoid being homosexual in the future was to have sex
with other boys. According to Anthony, Alexander would
arrange for us to go into classrooms, and he would close the door and turn off lights and go from looking at the window and looking at us and would demand that we do various sexual activities on each other . . . and he would even interject at times and reposition our bodies and move us to different places and recommend different things.
Anthony identified other former JPAC students who were involved in the sexual encounters
that he described for the court. More specifically, Anthony identified David Edmonds,
Kenneth Brown, Jonathan Davidson, and Knox Cross. Anthony testified that he never
7 wanted to take part in the sexual activities; however, he participated out of fear and
confusion.
¶10. Anthony also testified regarding several trips that he took with JPAC while he was a
student at the school. The first trip that he testified about was the school-sponsored spring
break trip to New York in March 2014. According to Anthony, he was sixteen at the time
of the trip. Anthony’s testimony mirrored that of Jacobs’ testimony regarding an event that
took place on the return bus trip to Mississippi. Anthony testified that Alexander asked him
to text Jacobs to come sit with him in the back of the bus and then requested that she give
him a “hand job.” According to Anthony, Jacobs did what was asked of her while Alexander
sat in a seat on the bus behind them where he was able to see the sexual encounter. The next
trip that Anthony discussed was a trip to St. Louis in November 2014. During the St. Louis
trip, Anthony testified that he and Alexander stayed in the same hotel room and also shared
a bed. Anthony stated that Johnson and Davidson were also staying in the same hotel room
and sleeping in the second bed. According to Anthony, after everyone else was asleep,
Alexander made sexual advances toward him by inappropriately touching his body and trying
to remove his clothes. Anthony testified that Alexander told him that he had one last chance
to do what Alexander asked of him or he would not teach Anthony anymore. Anthony stated
that after allowing him to “have his way” with him for a few minutes, he pushed him away
and told him he didn’t care if he couldn’t “act” anymore. After returning from the St. Louis
trip, Anthony did not receive any further “acting lessons” from Alexander. According to
Anthony, he graduated from JPAC in June 2015, and all the events described for the court
8 happened before he graduated and while he was a JPAC student.
¶11. Kenneth Brown was the fifth witness to testify for the State. Brown testified that he
became a student at JPAC in January 2013 during his second semester of tenth grade. Brown
testified that shortly after he arrived at the school, Alexander told him to write down his
biggest secret on a piece of paper and give it to him. According to Brown, the secret that he
wrote down was that he had been molested as a young child. Brown testified that he had
discussed his “secret” with Alexander and later told Alexander that he thought he (Brown)
was interested in men. Brown stated that Alexander then began to initiate sexual encounters
between Brown and Knox Cross. Brown testified that he and Cross would participate in
sexual activity in different rooms in the school while Alexander watched and that these
encounters happened “too many times to count.” According to Brown, as things progressed,
Alexander also initiated several sexual encounters between Brown and Anthony. Brown
testified that if he ever declined to take part in the sexual activity that Alexander requested,
he would be reprimanded. Brown confirmed Anthony’s testimony about the students’
religious group affiliations and the proposition that Alexander claimed to be the students’
spiritual leader. Brown testified:
[W]e’re being told to, like, just, like, pray about things, and as kids, like, we’re feeling like some of these things may be wrong, but we’re putting all of our trust into Terrance. And we get to a point we want to pray for some sort of clarity, but we’re scared to pray for that sense of clarity because we’re like maybe he’s going to hear it, and maybe we’re going to get in trouble for him hearing that we wished something different than what he desires. . . . It comes from the – back to the coalition things, to him being a prophet and basically breaking that down to us saying how he can hear – like he can hear what we think, he could hear our prayers, and he can feel what we feel, so on and so forth.
9 Brown graduated from JPAC in 2015.
¶12. Nelson Mason, the victim named in Count Nine, was the sixth witness to testify for
the State. Mason met Alexander during the summer of 2011 when he interviewed to become
a JPAC student. Mason testified to a specific instance in August 2013 when Alexander
called Mason and Brown into a bathroom on the third floor of the school and had both boys
take off their pants and showed them how to clean their private areas. Mason testified, “I
was instructed not to discuss certain things to my parents, certain conversations that we have
had . . . . Eventually . . . I didn’t have a relationship with my parents at all . . . because [of]
Terrance. I looked at him like he was my dad at that point.” While Mason stated that he was
not gay, he testified that he felt like he had to tell Alexander that he was gay to feel accepted
by him. Mason also testified that he was forced to participate in the “acting classes” with
other male students, which turned into sexual encounters that made him extremely
uncomfortable. As part of an acting class, Mason testified that on one occasion, Alexander
told him to strip down until he was naked and parade in front of him in a runway-type walk.
According to Mason, Alexander told him that he should be a model and that the runway walk
exercise was part of that training. Shortly after that event, Mason’s mom removed him from
the school in 2015.
¶13. Knox Cross, the victim named in Count Four, was the last witness to testify for the
State. Cross testified that he enrolled as a student at JPAC when he was in the seventh grade
and attended until he graduated from high school. According to Cross, because he lived
some distance from McComb, he would frequently spend the night at Alexander’s home.
10 Cross’ testimony was similar to the other witnesses’ testimony in that his initial experience
with the school seemed normal; however, things changed over time. Cross testified that
when he was in the eighth grade, Alexander accused Cross of being a sex addict. By this
time, Cross had been staying in Alexander’s home and considered Alexander to be a second
father figure. Cross testified that he cared for Alexander and valued his opinion, though he
could not understand how he could be a sex addict when he had never had sex. When Cross
denied the addiction, Alexander told him that he was prideful and that his pridefulness would
lead to destruction. Further, Alexander told Cross that he would not have a future if he
remained prideful and did not listen to Alexander. Similar to the testimony of the other
alleged victims, Cross testified that the JPAC students could not be around certain students
whom they would have liked at the school. According to Cross,
[c]ertain groups couldn’t talk to certain people if they wanted to. You had the Prophets and the Levites and the Evangelists and the Judges and the Porters and all of these different groups of people . . . children, that is . . . not having the freedom to talk to each other when they wanted to or making us date. We couldn’t date who we wanted to date, we couldn’t be around people that we wanted to be around. . . . It was very divisive.
Cross testified that Alexander continuously discussed his sexuality with him. Alexander told
Cross, “This is who you are, and I’ll give you a safe space to explore your sexuality because
you can’t come out to your parents.” According to Cross, he didn’t feel like he had the
option to say no. Cross testified that Alexander then required him to use his cell phone to
send him naked cell phone pictures of himself under the guise that Cross needed to learn to
love himself. Cross testified that throughout the rest of his time at JPAC (until he graduated),
he was required to take part in sexual encounters with other male students, including Kenneth
11 Brown, David Edmonds, Peter Anthony, Daniel Boyd, and Nelson Mason. Cross testified
that on one occasion, he and Alexander drove to a hotel “across town,” and Edmonds was
waiting in a room there. Cross was required to have sex with Edmonds while Alexander sat
in the room and watched. According to Cross, sex at the school became an everyday norm.
Cross further testified that Alexander claimed to be “fixing” Cross’ sexuality.
¶14. Alexander testified on his own behalf and was the only witness called by the defense.
Alexander denied all allegations of inappropriate or sexual behavior with any of the former
JPAC students. In fact, Alexander testified that “[Jonathan] lied a lot,” and Jacobs “had to
be put on probation twice because she was engaging in sexual behavior with other students.”
Further, Alexander testified that Mason “was a torment to some of the teachers.” According
to Alexander, the trip to St. Louis that Anthony testified about was not a school-sponsored
trip but, rather, a prestigious opportunity that arose for Alexander to have one of his songs
presented to an audience of thousands of people. Alexander testified that the New York trip
was a school-sponsored trip, and he denied any sexual or inappropriate behavior on either the
St. Louis or New York trip. Finally, when questioned about admissions that he made in his
interview with investigator Glapion, Alexander testified, “I had not taken my medication for
over four hours. I suffer from massive depression and generalized anxiety disorder, so when
I have an anxiety attack my brain becomes very foggy. . . . I was in extreme duress in anxiety
attacks.”
¶15. After a two-day trial, Alexander was found guilty of all six counts of child
exploitation. Aggrieved by the jury verdict, Alexander appealed, and the case was assigned
12 to this Court.
ANALYSIS
¶16. Alexander alleges six assignments of error on appeal. Part One will address the
following issues: (1) did the trial court err in denying Alexander’s pretrial motions; (2) did
the trial court err in overruling the defense’s objections during the course of the trial; and (3)
did the trial court err in denying Alexander’s motion for a mistrial. Part Two will address
the remaining issues: (4) did the trial court err in failing to grant Alexander’s motion for a
directed verdict and denying his JNOV motion because the State failed to prove Alexander
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt; (5) was the verdict of the jury against the overwhelming
weight of the evidence; and (6) did Alexander receive a grossly disproportionate sentence?
I. The trial court did not err in denying Alexander’s pretrial motions.
A. Motion to Sever Counts
¶17. On February 5, 2023, Alexander filed a “Motion to Sever Counts.” The circuit court
agreed to sever counts One, Two, Three, and Ten; however, the remaining six counts of child
exploitation were tried together. Alexander argues on appeal that the remaining six counts
of his indictment should have been severed as well to ensure that he received a fair trial for
each offense. This Court reviews the circuit court’s ruling to deny severance under an abuse-
of-discretion standard of review. Stribling v. State, 81 So. 3d 1155, 1162 (¶30) (Miss. Ct.
App. 2011).
¶18. Alexander contends that his indictment did not meet the requirements set forth in
Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-7-2 (Rev. 2015), which provides that an indictment
13 may contain two or more offenses only if the offenses are “based on the same act or
transaction” or if the offenses are “based on two . . . or more acts or transactions connected
together or constituting parts of a common scheme or plan.” Id. § 99-7-2(1). Alexander
alleges that due to the “broad time frames” listed in each count of his indictment and the
different alleged victims named in each count, the separate counts cannot be considered
connected to continue a common scheme or plan.
¶19. Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-7-2 provides:
Two (2) or more offenses which are triable in the same court may be charged in the same indictment with a separate count for each offense if: (a) the offenses are based on the same act or transaction; or (b) the offenses are based on two (2) or more acts or transactions connected together or constituting parts of a common scheme or plan.
The burden rests with the State to make a prima facie showing that a multi-count indictment
is proper under the statute. Stribling, 81 So. 3d at 1162 (¶30). In Corley v. State, 584 So. 2d
769, 772 (Miss. 1991), the Mississippi Supreme Court established a three-prong test to
establish the appropriateness of severance, specifically, reasoning:
In making its determination regarding severance, the trial court should pay particular attention to whether the time period between the occurrences is insignificant, whether the evidence proving each count would be admissible to prove each of the counts, and whether the crimes are interwoven.
¶20. While the time periods listed in Alexander’s multi-count indictment spanned several
years, the larger time frames listed in the indictment represented the years that each alleged
victim was enrolled at JPAC. The smaller time frames spanned only a few days and
represented specific school trips and alleged sexual encounters that occurred on those trips.
According to the testimony at trial, the alleged exploitation that the students endured
14 occurred throughout their entire enrollment period at JPAC. Kenneth Brown testified that
the sexual encounters that he experienced with Knox Cross were “too many to count.” The
approach that Alexander took in segregating the students into groups and then slowly
indoctrinating them into a culture where sexual activity was encouraged and posed as normal
“acting lessons” was consistent and corroborated by each student’s testimony. While each
student’s time at the school varied, there were overlapping periods of time in each count of
the indictment. Secondly, the alleged victims testified that they were encouraged to engage
in sexual activity with each other. Therefore, while there was some indictment-specific
testimony by each witness, parts of each witness’ testimony could be used to prove multiple
counts of the indictment. The testimony of all the victims was relevant to prove a common
scheme or plan of abuse. In Golden v. State, 968 So. 2d 378, 383 (¶17) (Miss. 2007), the
supreme court held that in trying multiple counts together, “there would be some evidence
in common and some not.” Finally, it is clear that the six counts of child exploitation were
“interwoven” because they “involve too many similar factors[,] when viewed together, to be
anything but clearly linked and part of the same common scheme or plan.” Richardson v.
State, 74 So. 3d 317, 327 (¶34) (Miss. 2011) (quoting Rushing v. State, 911 So. 2d 526, 536
(¶19) (Miss. 2005)). We find no error by the circuit court denying Alexander’s motion to
sever Counts Four through Nine.
B. Motion in Limine to Exclude Other Bad Acts
¶21. On February 5, 2021, Alexander filed a motion to exclude prior bad acts. However,
Alexander’s pretrial motion did not identify with particularity which witnesses or what
15 testimony he was asking the court to exclude. Instead, Alexander’s motion was generic in
nature and claimed:
It is unclear at this time, but the defense believes the State will attempt to introduce alleged prior bad acts of the defendant in this trial. Any mention of said acts would be irrelevant and far more prejudicial than probative, and in violation of Rule 403 and 404 of the Mississippi Rules of Criminal Procedure [sic].
After hearing counsel’s argument on the motion, the circuit court ruled that it was not going
to issue a “blanket ruling” on the motion but would take the objections up “on an item-by-
item basis at the appointed time.” Our standard of review is set forth in Donaldson v. State,
262 So. 3d 1135, 1161 (¶107) (Miss. Ct. App. 2018):
We review a trial court’s decision to admit or exclude evidence for an abuse of discretion. Evans v. State, 25 So. 3d 1054, 1057 (¶6) (Miss. 2010). “[A] motion in limine should be granted only if: (1) the material or evidence in question will be inadmissible at a trial under the rules of evidence; and (2) the mere offer, reference, or statements made during trial concerning the material will tend to prejudice the jury.” Id. “Before granting a motion in limine, courts must be certain that such action will not unduly restrict opposing party’s presentation of its case.” Whittley v. City of Meridian, 530 So. 2d 1341, 1344 (Miss. 1988).
Without more, the trial court did not err by reserving a ruling on the motion until Alexander
could direct the court’s attention to specific testimony from a particular witness.
¶22. On appeal, Alexander limits his challenge to the testimony of Jackson and Brown.
He argues that the probative value of Matthew Jackson’s and Kenneth Brown’s testimonies
was “substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.” Alexander contends that
their testimonies do not fall under any exceptions provided by Mississippi Rule of Evidence
404(b)(2).
16 ¶23. Matthew Jackson did not testify at trial. Investigator Glapion testified that Jackson’s
wife came to the McComb Police Department in December 2020 and reported that her
husband had been abused by Alexander while he was a student at JPAC. She told Glapion
that Alexander would have students perform sexual acts on each other while he watched
them. There was no objection raised by Alexander during this portion of Glapion’s testimony.
¶24. The State asked Glapion, after speaking with Jackson’s wife, what he did next in his
investigation. Glapion responded, “I end up talking to her husband, [Matthew Jackson].
[Matthew] came in, he said he had,” at which point Alexander’s counsel raised an objection
to hearsay. The trial court sustained his objection. The State rephrased the question to ask
Glapion to explain how his investigation proceeded. Glapion testified that Jackson’s
statements were consistent with the report his wife had made and also indicated that other
juveniles were involved.
¶25. Glapion told the jury that he next contacted Alexander and asked him to come in for
an interview. Glapion told the jury that during this interview of Alexander, Alexander
described discussions he had had with Jackson about Jackson’s sexuality. Alexander’s
counsel objected as to relevance since Jackson was not listed as a victim in the indictment.
The State was instructed by the trial court not to go into the details of Alexander’s contact
with Jackson because it was not part of the indictment. At that point, Glapion advised the
jury that Alexander gave him the names of other students that he allowed to have sex at his
house and at school while he watched.
¶26. The court sustained the objections Alexander raised at trial over Glapion’s testimony
17 concerning statements Jackson made. In any event, Glapion’s testimony concerning his
interview with Jackson and Alexander’s statements concerning his contact with Jackson were
admissible to show the information that Glapion relied upon to further his investigation. In
Stevens v. State, 312 So. 3d 1205, 1209 (¶9) (Miss. Ct. App. 2021), this Court stated:
An out-of-court statement is hearsay if it is offered “to prove the truth of the matter asserted.” M.R.E. 801(c). Thus, to determine whether a statement is hearsay we must first determine the purpose for which it was offered and admitted. Smith v. State, 258 So. 3d 292, 309 (¶50) (Miss. Ct. App. 2018). Our Supreme Court and this Court have held repeatedly that out-of-court “[s]tatements do not constitute hearsay when admitted” not to prove the truth of the matter asserted but rather “to explain an officer’s course of investigation or motivation for the next investigatory step by that officer.” Eubanks v. State, 291 So. 3d 309, 322-23 (¶51) (Miss. 2020) (emphasis added) (quoting Smith, 258 So. 3d at 309 (¶52) (quoting Fullilove v. State, 101 So. 3d 669, 675 (¶20) (Miss. Ct. App. 2012))).
We find no error by the trial court concerning its rulings on the motion in limine and the
objections raised by Alexander at trial relative to Matthew Jackson.
¶27. Unlike Jackson, Brown did testify at trial. When Brown was called to testify by the
State, the defense asked to approach the bench and advised the trial court:
Your Honor, this is [Kenneth Brown]. He’s not a person in the indictment. I understand the case law, but this is nothing more than a prior bad act. It’s – and that’s what I expect him to testify to.
The State responded:
He’s going to testify – I think everything he will testify to is eyewitness accounts to the other parts of the indictment. I mean, he was a participant in [Knox’s], [Anthony’s,] and [Nelson’s] [incidents].
The trial court instructed the State to limit its questioning of Brown to “the things in the
indictment.” At that point, defense counsel thanked the court for its ruling.
18 ¶28. Alexander raised no further objection until the State asked Brown how he came to
speak with Glapion. Brown responded that he decided to “step up” after he saw things on
the news and Facebook. The defense raised a non-specific objection that the trial court
overruled, and the court instructed the State to “move on.” Brown testified to events he
witnessed or participated in with the victims in various counts of the indictment. Later in the
State’s direct examination of Brown, the State asked Brown, “Okay. And [David Edmonds],
who is that?” Brown began to answer by saying that he was a relative of Alexander’s, “and
he would every morning he would have me, easily for a month, would have me.” At that
point the defense raised an objection and approached the bench. During the bench
conference, the State advised the court that Brown was going to testify about having sex with
“[Edmonds].” The defense argued that Edmonds was not mentioned in the indictment. The
trial court sustained the objection, and Brown was not asked any further questions about
Edmonds’ sexual conduct.
¶29. Alexander’s counsel was content with the trial court’s ruling that Brown’s testimony
should be limited to eyewitness accounts of sexual conduct relating to victims named in the
indictment. Defense counsel advised the court, “I understand the case law,” and asked for
nothing more from the trial court. Accordingly, the State offered Brown’s testimony to prove
the indicted acts. When the State strayed from those named in the indictment, the trial court
sustained the defense’s objections and required the State to honor its ruling to limit Brown’s
testimony to his knowledge of sexual acts involving victims named in the indictment. We
find that the trial court did not err in its ruling on the motion in limine and Alexander’s
19 subsequent objections.
II. The trial court did not err in overruling Alexander’s objections during the course of the trial.
¶30. Alexander argues that the trial court erred in overruling his counsel’s objections
throughout the trial. In his brief, Alexander points to fourteen instances where the court
overruled his objections, allegedly causing unfair prejudice, and we address each in turn.
¶31. “The standard of review for evidentiary rulings is abuse of discretion.” Cook v. State,
161 So. 3d 1057, 1065 (¶21) (Miss. 2015). “And when a trial court abuses its discretion on
evidentiary issues, we reverse only where a substantial right of a party is affected.” Young
v. State, 106 So. 3d 775, 777 (¶9) (Miss. 2012) (internal quotation mark omitted).
A. Objection to the State’s Opening Statement
¶32. The purpose of the State’s opening statement was to advise the jury of the facts the
State expected to prove at trial. See MRCrP 19.1(a)(2); Jones v. State, 390 So. 3d 498, 502
(¶15) (Miss. 2024). As Alexander notes in his brief, in Sheppard v. State, 777 So. 2d 659,
661 (¶7) (Miss. 2000), the supreme court held:
The standard of review that appellate courts must apply to lawyer misconduct during opening statements or closing arguments is whether the natural and probable effect of the improper argument is to create unjust prejudice against the accused so as to result in a decision influenced by the prejudice so created. Ormond v. State, 599 So. 2d 951, 961 (Miss. 1992).
Alexander claims that some of the incidents the State described in its opening statement
pertaining to the expected testimony of Nelson Mason were not relevant because only one
count in the indictment named Mason. Alexander contends that the references to multiple
incidents were not relevant to that one count, and he contends the court erred by overruling
20 the objection made during the State’s opening statement.
¶33. The State argues that all the incidents referenced in its opening statement concerning
Mason took place in the time frame described in Count Nine of the indictment, and they,
were therefore relevant to prove that count. In Caldwell v. State, 6 So. 3d 1076, 1078 (¶6)
(Miss. 2009), the supreme court reasoned that pursuant to Mississippi Rule of Evidence
404(b):
This Court has repeatedly held that “evidence of prior sexual acts between the accused and the victim is admissible to show the accused’s lustful, lascivious disposition toward the particular victim, especially in circumstances where the victim is under the age of consent.” Walker v. State, 878 So. 2d 913, 915 (Miss. 2004) (citations omitted).
¶34. Alexander argues for the first time on appeal that because the State’s opening
statement concerning Mason’s expected testimony “caused confusion of the issues by the
jury and unfair prejudice to Alexander,” his objection during the opening statement should
have been sustained and the evidence itself should have been excluded pursuant to
Mississippi Rule of Evidence 403. However, Alexander never requested that the trial court
balance such evidence pursuant to Rule 403. Accordingly, this argument is barred on appeal.
See Thames v. State, 310 So. 3d 1163, 1170 (¶35) (Miss. 2021). In any event, the trial court
did not err by overruling Alexander’s objection during opening statements.
B. Hearsay Objection during Davidson’s Direct Examination
¶35. During his direct examination, Davidson stated, “I had a friend named [Anthony], and
he would say something like, ‘Hey, man’. . . .” At this point in Davidson’s testimony,
defense counsel raised a hearsay objection. While the objection was overruled, there was no
21 further testimony about Anthony or what Anthony said. In fact, the State directed Davidson,
“Without going into what [Anthony] actually said to you, what would happen?” Davidson’s
direct examination continued with no other hearsay statements. This issue is without merit.
C. First Relevance Objection during Davidson’s Direct Examination
¶36. Also during direct examination, the State asked Davidson, “What sorts of things have
you seen, that you recall, have you seen Kenneth [Brown] sexually engage in the presence
of Terrance?” Davidson responded, “[O]ne day I was called down to . . . and to help push
the force that [Kenneth] was gay. . . . I was called down to go in a room to make [Kenneth]
know he was gay.” In response to Davidson’s statement, defense counsel raised a relevance
objection. Alexander argued that because neither Davidson nor Brown were listed in his
indictment, any further testimony would be irrelevant and unfairly prejudicial. The Court
overruled part of the objection and stated that the testimony could be relevant to show
purpose, motive, or plan.5 The court did, however, sustain part of the objection ruling that
Davidson’s response was unresponsive to counsel’s question. Alexander fails to argue with
5 The trial court, in making its ruling, referred to the decision in Saddler v. State, 297 So. 3d 234, 240 (¶19) (Miss. 2020):
Evidence of Saddler’s prior acts was admissible. “[W]hen the sexual acts bear ‘overwhelming similarities’ to the conduct at issue, they are ‘undeniably’ admissible under Rule 404(b) as both motive and as evidence of a ‘common plan, scheme, or system.’” McGrath v. State, 271 So. 3d 437, 441 (¶16) (Miss. 2019) (quoting Green v. State, 89 So. 3d 543, 550 [(¶17) & n.19](Miss. 2012)).
22 any specificity how Davidson’s response was unfairly prejudicial.6 Davidson’s statement
corroborated the testimony of other JPAC students as evidence of Alexander’s scheme or
plan to have the students participate in sexual activity with each other, sometimes in the
presence of others. We find no abuse of discretion by the trial court.
D. Second Relevance Objection during Davidson’s Direct Examination
¶37. Davidson testified that Alexander claimed he had certain spiritual powers over the
JPAC students, including being able to hear their prayers or forecast certain punishments or
accidents for disobeying his instruction. Defense counsel objected to Davidson’s testimony,
claiming that it was irrelevant. The trial court overruled counsel’s objection. The State
argued that Davidson’s testimony regarding Alexander’s supernatural authority over the
JPAC students was relevant to show the grooming scheme that Alexander implemented to
manipulate and sexually exploit the students. This point was specifically evidenced in
Brown’s testimony at trial. Brown testified that even when he sensed that some of
Alexander’s requested behavior might have been wrong, he was scared to pray for clarity,
not only for fear that Alexander could hear his prayers, but for fear of punishment if his
desires were not the same as Alexander’s. We find there was no abuse of discretion by the
trial court.7
6 Again, Alexander did not request the trial court to conduct a balancing test under Rule 403; therefore, this issue has been waived. See also Pitchford v. State, 45 So. 3d 216, 239 n.47 (Miss. 2010) (The supreme court stated that “a trial court will not be held in error on a matter not presented to it for decision.”). 7 While Alexander again makes an argument under Mississippi Rule of Evidence 403 on appeal, he waived that issue by failing to raise it in the trial court.
23 E. “Asked and Answered” Objection during Davidson’s Direct Examination
¶38. During direct examination, Davidson was asked, “I don’t know if I’ve asked you this
one. When if ever, did you see Terrance hard?” Defense counsel raised an objection and
argued that the question had been asked and answered. The court overruled the objection and
allowed Davidson to answer. Davidson said, “And I don’t know if he had to pee or
whatever, but yeah, he was hard. But I’ve never – like I said, never done anything with him
or nothing like that.” The transcript reflects that the State had previously asked Davidson
whether he had ever witnessed Alexander in a “state of sexual arousal,” and Davidson did
not directly respond. The State followed up by asking whether Davidson had ever witnessed
Alexander’s penis erect. Davidson said that he had not. It can be argued that the questions
asked by the State were each different, and there was no further testimony concerning the
issue. Alexander failed to show how he was prejudiced or harmed or that the admission of
Davidson’s limited answers adversely affected a substantial right. Under our standard of
review set forth above in Cook and Young, we find no reversible error.
F. Objection to Introduction of a Photograph during Jacobs’ Direct Examination
¶39. During Jacobs’ direct examination, the State attempted to introduce a photograph of
Jacobs and Anthony. Alexander’s counsel raised an objection on the basis of relevancy,
stating, “It’s just a picture of these two in the same room. I just don’t see how it’s relevant,
how it moves forward an element of any crime.” The State argued that the photograph was
being admitted to prove the students’ ages at the time of the alleged exploitation. Being that
24 the State had the burden to prove that the JPAC students were children to prove that
Alexander was guilty of child exploitation, we find no abuse of discretion by the trial court
in admitting the photo into evidence through Jacobs’ testimony.
G. Objection during Anthony’s Direct Examination Concerning “Ideologies”
¶40. During Anthony’s direct examination, the State asked Anthony to “explain some of
[Alexander’s] ideologies regarding religion or his different classifications and things.”
Alexander’s counsel raised an objection as to relevancy; however, counsel offered no further
reasoning. The objection was overruled without any further explanation from either counsel
or the trial court. On appeal, Alexander argues that pursuant to Mississippi Rule of Evidence
601, “Evidence of a witness’s religious beliefs or opinions is not admissible to attack or
support the witness’s credibility.” In the case at hand, Alexander’s religious beliefs were not
being introduced to attack his credibility but, rather, to further the State’s argument that
Alexander’s religious ideologies were a crucial aspect defining the plan and scheme to
exploit the JPAC students. More specifically, Alexander’s religious ideologies and his
practice of segregating the students into groups with religion-inspired names was a central
aspect of the grooming scheme, which he perpetuated throughout the time period listed in
the indictment. By segregating the students into groups, Alexander was able to isolate
students, control their social groups, and control the level of access he had to them. We find
no abuse of discretion by the trial court in overruling Alexander’s objection.8
8 Again, Alexander’s effort to claim error pursuant to a lack of a Rule 403 balancing test is barred on appeal.
25 H. Objection to the Admission of Two Photographs during Anthony’s Direct Examination
¶41. During Anthony’s direct examination, the State sought to introduce two photographs.
One photograph was of Anthony, Alexander, Jonathan Davidson, Elliot Johnson, and another
child. The second photograph was of Anthony and Davidson. Alexander’s counsel raised
an objection to the photographs being entered into evidence. Counsel stated, “Your Honor,
I would make a very similar objection as I did to S-1.” The court noted but overruled the
objection, and the photographs were admitted into evidence. As noted in the paragraph
above, because the State had the burden to prove that the JPAC students were children to
prove that Alexander was guilty of child exploitation, we find no abuse of discretion in the
trial court’s admission of the photos into evidence through Anthony’s testimony.
I. Objection to Kenneth Brown as a Witness
¶42. When the State called Kenneth Brown to testify, Alexander’s counsel raised an
objection to Brown’s testimony claiming he would testify to nothing more than prior bad
acts. Because Brown was not listed in Alexander’s indictment, Alexander claimed that
Brown should not be allowed to testify. Alexander claims on appeal that Brown’s testimony
was highly prejudicial and irrelevant, with no probative value. The State argued that
Brown’s testimony was proper because he would testify to first-hand knowledge and
participation in certain acts substantiating multiple counts involving Mason, Cross, and
Anthony. Alexander’s counsel then stated, “[M]y fear was something personal that happened
to him that – that he’s not giving firsthand knowledge to about the other victims.” Just as the
trial court had ruled prior to trial on Alexander’s motion in limine, the court instructed the
26 State to limit Brown’s testimony to his knowledge of the charges contained in the indictment.
Other objections Alexander raised during Brown’s testimony were addressed above in the
assignment of error dealing with the motion in limine. We find no abuse of discretion by the
trial court’s ruling on the objection to Brown’s testimony.
J. Objection to Admission of Two Photographs during Brown’s Direct Examination
¶43. During Brown’s direct examination, the State sought to introduce two more
photographs into evidence. The pictures were taken while Brown was a student at JPAC and
portrayed Brown and other students listed in Alexander’s indictment. Alexander’s counsel
argued, “I would object as to the relevancy of these photos.” Without further argument from
either counsel, the court overruled the objection and allowed the photographs to be entered
into evidence. The State argues on appeal that the photographs were relevant not only to
show Brown’s and the other students’ ages, but also to show that Brown was friends with the
students listed in the indictment, giving his testimony more credibility. For those reasons and
the reasons mentioned in the prior paragraphs, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial
court’s ruling on the objection.
K. “Asked and Answered” Objection during Knox Cross’ Direct Examination
¶44. During direct examination, the State asked Cross, “Was there ever any conversations
with Terrance about telling other people about these acting lessons or not telling other people
about these acting lessons?” Cross responded to the question by discussing a conversation
that Alexander had had with Cross’ dad. Finding Cross’ answer was not responsive to the
27 question he was being asked, the State rephrased its question as follows:
Okay. I want to ask you about what, if anything, that you or the other guys were told around you about telling other students or teachers or your parents or your family, your relatives, your other friends that don’t know about the acts that you engaged in. Was there ever any discussion about how you could or should refer to what happened at Terrance’s in these private lessons or at the school in these private lessons?
Alexander’s counsel objected, stating, “Your Honor. I’m going to say it’s asked and
answered. I think this is the third time.” While the court overruled the objection, the State
asked Cross if he understood the question that he was being asked, and Cross requested that
the question be rephrased. In turn, the State asked, “Did Terrance ever have any discussions
with you about whether or not you should tell other people?” Cross responded, “Oh, no, no
no, not at all. It was very, ‘keep this a secret because your father wouldn’t approve of your
lifestyle’ . . . .” While the question seemed to be asked multiple times, it was done only to
seek clarity in the response. We find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s ruling on the
objection.
L. Objection during Cross’ Direct Examination to Questions Concerning whether Alexander had a Doctorate Degree
¶45. During direct examination, the State asked Cross whether he knew if Alexander
actually had a “doctorate in anything.” Alexander’s counsel objected to relevance, and the
objection was overruled by the trial court. Cross answered, “[T]o my knowledge, no.” Cross
then further testified that he learned during a visit by the accreditation committee that
Alexander did not have a Ph.D. Alexander’s counsel raised a hearsay objection which was
sustained by the trial court. Since Alexander was a founder of the school and a teacher, his
28 level of education was relevant. Alexander failed to state with any specificity what, if any,
prejudice he suffered by this testimony. We find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s
ruling on the relevance objection.
M. Objection in Cross’ Redirect Examination
¶46. In the last question during Cross’ cross-examination, Alexander’s counsel questioned,
“And you didn’t report anything to law enforcement or any authorities until five or so years
later, correct?” Cross responded, “Correct.” The very first question that Cross was asked
by the State during redirect examination was, “And why didn’t you report it?” Cross
responded:
Because like any abusive relationship, you don’t realize that you are . . . that it’s happening until well after you’ve had time to process it. For example, I remember I was in college, and I . . . went to this artist meeting, all the people who were in my age group, and we were in there singing and being creative together, and . . . , someone got up to do poetry, and they talked about being sexually abused, and then . . . .
Alexander’s counsel first objected to Cross’ testimony on the basis that it was hearsay and
non-responsive. The State argued that the answer was responsive. The trial court asked
counsel to approach the bench and asked Alexander’s counsel to state his objection again.
Counsel then argued that it was hearsay, non-responsive, and outside the scope of his cross-
examination. The trial court overruled the objection and explained, “[T]he issue put before
the jury on cross was why the delay . . . and he’s seeking to explain that, so I will allow it.”
Clearly, the State’s question on redirect was asked to further explain when and why Cross
came forward concerning his experience at JPAC and why it was not done sooner. Because
Alexander’s attorney opened the door during cross-examination regarding the timing of
29 Cross’ disclosure of alleged abuse, the State’s redirect examination was proper. Further,
Cross did not testify regarding what was said during the poetry reading as proof of the truth
of the matter asserted but, rather, to explain how he came to understand that what had
happened to him at JPAC needed to be reported to the authorities. We find no abuse of
discretion in the trial court’s ruling on the objection.
N. Objection during Alexander’s Cross-Examination
¶47. During cross-examination, the State asked Alexander for the names of the fourteen
chaperones who were on the JPAC trip to New York. It is noteworthy that the event that
took place on the school trip to New York was included in Alexander’s indictment. During
that line of questioning, the State asked Alexander if one of the chaperones named Anthony
Daniels was still in jail. Alexander’s counsel objected and argued that any testimony
regarding whether Daniels was in jail was irrelevant. The trial court initially overruled the
objection with no further argument from counsel. The State continued its cross-examination
and asked Alexander, “Did you know that he was in jail for involvement with a young girl?”
Alexander’s counsel reinstated his objection as to relevancy, and the objection was sustained
at that point. On appeal, Alexander argues that the objection should have been sustained
when the State first asked if Daniels was in jail. Alexander failed to argue with specificity
any prejudice caused by initially overruling counsel’s objection. In any event, once the
objection was sustained, Alexander’s counsel did not request that the trial court instruct the
jury to disregard that series of questions and answers. In Travis v. State, 972 So. 2d 674, 683
(¶37) (Miss. Ct. App. 2007), this Court stated:
30 Where a circuit court sustains an objection and a party does not ask the circuit court to instruct the jury to disregard the objectionable matter, there is no error. Perry v. State, 637 So. 2d 871, 874 (Miss. 1994). Said differently, when a defendant received the relief he requested, the defendant has no basis to complain on appeal. Broomfield [v. State], 878 So. 2d [207,] 221(¶57) [(Miss. Ct. App. 2004)].
Accordingly, this issue is without merit.
III. The trial court did not err in denying Terrance Alexander’s motion for a mistrial.
¶48. During Anthony’s direct examination, the State asked him when he decided to stop
communicating with Alexander. Anthony responded, “After I had heard allegations of
another child . . . being sexually abused.” After Anthony’s response, Alexander’s counsel,
without ever using the word “objection,” requested a bench conference outside the hearing
of the jury. The State argued, “Obviously, I don’t know which child he’s talking about, but
there was a number of them, and I stopped before he could get into the other.” Alexander’s
counsel responded, “And I absolutely get it, but I think – I think that crossed it, you know.
You know.” The trial court asked the defense what he wanted the court to do. Defense
counsel said, “Well, I’m going to request a mistrial. I understand, but I think what we have
is we just delved into Counts 1, 2 and 3.” The court ruled, “I will admonish the jury to
disregard the remark.” The Court also advised the attorneys that the motion for a mistrial
was overruled. Immediately following the bench conference, the jury was instructed to
disregard the last remark by the witness.
¶49. On appeal, Alexander argues that the statement “sexually abused” was an
impermissible reference to the sexual battery charges in Counts One, Two, and Three, which
31 had been severed and were not at issue in this trial. According to Alexander’s appellate
counsel, such statement by the witness “caused confusion of the issues by the jury and
substantially and irreparably prejudiced Alexander’s case.”
¶50. In Williams v. State, 919 So. 2d 250, 253 (¶12) (Miss. Ct. App. 2005), this Court
explained:
We review the trial court’s decision to grant, or deny, a mistrial under an abuse of discretion standard. Horne v. State, 487 So. 2d 213, 214 (Miss. 1986). A trial judge possesses the authority to declare a mistrial where prosecutorial conduct substantially deflects the attention of the jury from the issues that it has been called upon to decide or appeals to bias, passion, or prejudice, and, therefore, significantly impairs a defendant’s right to a fair trial. Hickson v. State, 472 So. 2d 379, 384 (Miss. 1985). The trial judge is permitted considerable discretion in determining whether a mistrial is warranted since the judge is best positioned for measuring the prejudicial effect. Id. (citing Roundtree v. State, 568 So. 2d 1173, 1178 (Miss. 1990)).
Further, in Groves v. State, 360 So. 3d 1012, 1017 (¶14) (Miss. Ct. App. 2023), this Court
explained that the trial judge is in the best position to not only determine what is prejudicial
to a jury but also how to address those concerns. “Where ‘serious and irreparable damage’
has not resulted, the judge should ‘admonish the jury then and there to disregard the
impropriety.’ The jury is presumed to have followed the admonition of the trial judge to
disregard the remark.” Id. (quoting Wilson v. State, 797 So. 2d 277, 282 (¶13) (Miss. Ct.
App. 2001)).
¶51. Anthony’s brief response did not mention a specific child’s name that would link his
comment to the victims in Counts One, Two, or Three. Further, Alexander did not argue
before the trial court that the use of the words “sexually abused” would be confusing to the
jury; therefore, that argument is not properly before this Court. Because this argument was
32 not raised before the trial court, it is barred from appellate consideration. See Douglas v.
State, 378 So. 3d 361, 372 (¶34) (Miss. 2024). In any event, we find no abuse of discretion
in the trial court’s ruling on Alexander’s motion for a mistrial.
McCARTY, J., FOR THE COURT:
PART TWO
IV. There was sufficient evidence to support Alexander’s conviction.
¶52. Alexander next argues the trial court should have granted his motion for a directed
verdict, protesting that the evidence was insufficient to convict him on the individual counts
contained in the indictment. Alexander raised the issue in his post-trial motion for judgment
notwithstanding the verdict. On appeal, we now review his claims that his convictions
should be reversed for insufficient evidence.
¶53. “When this Court reviews the sufficiency of evidence supporting a guilty verdict, we
view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State and decide if rational jurors could
have found the State proved each element of the crime.” Lenoir v. State, 222 So. 3d 273, 279
(¶25) (Miss. 2017). The issue is not “whether we think the State proved the elements. Rather,
we must decide whether a reasonable juror could rationally say that the State did.” Poole v.
State, 46 So. 3d 290, 293-94 (¶20) (Miss. 2010).
¶54. Additionally, Mississippi caselaw has established that “[a] motion for a JNOV in
which the sufficiency of the evidence is challenged must be specific.” West v. State, 378 So.
3d 422, 427-28 (¶14) (Miss. Ct. App. 2023) (quoting Gary v. State, 11 So. 3d 769, 771 (¶8)
(Miss. Ct. App. 2009)). “[W]ithout specificity as to how the evidence was insufficient, the
33 trial court will not be determined to be in error for denying the motion.” Id.; see also
Easterling v. State, 306 So. 3d 808, 818 (¶23) (Miss. Ct. App. 2020) (“A motion for a
directed verdict on the grounds that the State has failed to make out a prima facie case must
state specifically wherein the State has failed to make out a prima facie case. Such
specificity is also required in a motion for a JNOV. If not specifically argued before the trial
court, it is waived because issues may not be raised for the first time on appeal.” (citation
omitted)).
¶55. At the close of the State’s case-in-chief, Alexander’s counsel made an ore tenus
motion for a directed verdict as to all counts. Counsel argued, “we would simply show that
the State has failed to make a prima facie showing of the necessary elements to prove [its]
case, and we are requesting a directed verdict as to each of those counts.” After a lengthy
response from the State as to the proof for each count, the trial court ruled, “Again, taking
all the evidence that the Court has heard in the light most favorable to the State, the directed
verdict should be denied.” And after his convictions, Alexander filed a motion for judgment
notwithstanding the verdict. In his JNOV motion, Alexander argued that “[t]he Court erred
in not granting a directed verdict at the conclusion of the State’s case and the conclusion of
the trial.” Both Alexander’s motion for a directed verdict and this post-trial motion failed
to state with any specificity how the State failed to make a prima facie case in presenting the
necessary elements to prove its case.
¶56. Accordingly, we find that Alexander clearly failed to state with any specificity in
either his motion for a directed verdict or his post-trial motion how the State failed to make
34 out a prima facie case. As such, Alexander is procedurally barred from making an argument
regarding the sufficiency of the evidence on appeal, and we decline to review the issue. See
Sheffield v. State, 749 So. 2d 123, 126 (¶10) (Miss. 1999).
¶57. While this Court recognizes that Alexander’s argument regarding the sufficiency of
the evidence is procedurally barred, “this Court must be constantly aware of questions of [its]
jurisdiction to proceed and must be prepared to decide a question pertaining to jurisdiction
at any time, even if the court must raise the issue on its own motion.” Gallagher v. City of
Waveland, 182 So. 3d 471, 474 (¶13) (Miss. Ct. App. 2015) (quoting McKee v. City of
Starkville, 97 So. 3d 97, 100-01 (¶¶10-11) (Miss. Ct. App. 2012)).
¶58. While neither party addressed the issue of jurisdiction regarding Counts Six, Seven,
and Eight in their briefs, it was raised and discussed in oral argument. Specifically, the panel
inquired of the State how there was jurisdiction if the events of Counts Six and Seven
occurred partly in St. Louis and if Count Eight occurred partly in New York. When directly
questioned by this Court’s panel, the State argued that Mississippi Code Annotated section
99-11-17 (Rev. 2015) set jurisdiction in Pike County. The State maintained that Alexander
founded the school, organized the trips, and determined who would go on the trips, and that
the trips departed from Pike County.
¶59. Under this statute, “Where an offense is commenced in this state and consummated
out of it, either directly or by the accused or by any means or agency procured by or
proceeding from him, he may be indicted and tried in the county in which such offense was
commenced or from which such means or agency proceeded.” Miss. Code Ann. § 99-11-17
35 (emphasis added).9
¶60. “[P]roof of venue is an essential part of criminal prosecution, and the State bears the
burden of proving venue beyond a reasonable doubt.” Kidder v. State, 326 So. 3d 1027, 1031
(¶12) (Miss. Ct. App. 2021) (emphasis omitted) (quoting Hill v. State, 797 So. 2d 914, 916
(¶10) (Miss. 2001)). The element of “[v]enue may be proved by either direct or
circumstantial evidence.” Id. at 1031 (¶10) (quoting Hill, 797 So. 2d at 916 (¶10)). And
“questions of fact as to venue are for the determination of the jury and are not to be decided
by the trial court.” Id. (quoting State v. Fabian, 263 So. 2d 773, 775 (Miss. 1972)); see also
Hughes v. State, 735 So. 2d 238, 248 (¶20) (Miss. 1999) (“While the ultimate burden of
proving venue that rests upon the State is beyond a reasonable doubt, this is a standard of
9 The question of jurisdiction in exploitation crimes is unique and has been expanded to include the locales where even just a portion of the criminal conduct occurred. See Miss. Code Ann. § 99-11-17. Two other provisions crafted into our law are worth noting to further convey the breadth of our statutory scheme. Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-11-19 (Rev. 2015) provides:
When an offense is committed partly in one county and partly in another, or where the acts, effects, means, or agency occur in whole or in part in different counties, the jurisdiction shall be in either county in which said offense was commenced, prosecuted, or consummated, where prosecution shall be first begun.
And Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-11-25 (Rev. 2015) reads:
A person who being out of this state causes, aids, advises or encourages any person to commit a crime or public offense within this state and is afterwards found within this state shall be punished in the same manner as if he had been within this state when he caused, aided, advised or encouraged the commission of such crime or public offense.
36 proof before the jury, not the trial judge”).10
¶61. The State had the burden at trial of proving venue in Pike County and had to offer
sufficient proof that Alexander committed some portion of the criminal conduct charged in
Counts Six, Seven, and Eight while in Pike County. To be clear, the prohibited conduct that
must have been proven to have partly occurred in Pike County was that Alexander
“knowingly . . . enticing a child ‘to meet with the defendant or any other person for the
purpose of engaging in sexually explicit conduct[.]’” See Carpenter v. State, No.
2023-KA-00580-COA, 2023 WL 11898886, at *4 (¶19) (Miss. Ct. App. Aug. 13, 2024)
(emphasis added), motion for reh’g filed (Aug. 19, 2024).
¶62. As to Counts Six and Seven, Alexander testified that the St. Louis trip was not a
school-sponsored event but instead was a prestigious opportunity for Alexander to showcase
one of his songs. Yet Anthony and other Jubilee students made the trip to St. Louis with him
and stayed in the same hotel room with him. Anthony even shared a bed with Alexander at
the hotel. There is no dispute that Alexander attempted to engage in physical acts with
Anthony in the hotel room in St. Louis. But the important consideration here is whether
Alexander knowingly induced Anthony to go on the St. Louis trip for the purpose of
engaging in sexually explicit conduct. Where the State presented evidence beyond a
reasonable doubt that part of Alexander’s scheme to exploit Anthony occurred in Pike
County, it was proper for the charges in Counts Six and Seven to be heard in Pike County.
10 Nevertheless, this Court has previously pointed out that “ambiguity as to venue does not require acquittal for the crime.” Kidder, 326 So. 3d at 1032 (¶16) (emphasis added) (quoting McGowan v. State, 742 So. 2d 1183, 1185 (¶9) (Miss. Ct. App. 1999)).
37 ¶63. As to Count Eight, the jury heard testimony from Anthony and Jacobs that the
excursion to New York was a school-sponsored spring break trip on Jubilee’s charter bus.
Alexander’s testimony corroborated the fact that the New York trip was a school-sponsored
event for Jubilee students. There is also no dispute that the physical, sexually explicit conduct
Alexander orchestrated between Anthony and Jacobs took place while they were all on the
bus driving back from New York. But the important aspect is whether Alexander knowingly
induced the Jubilee students to spend their spring break on a school-sponsored trip involving
a cross-country bus ride for the purpose of engaging in sexually explicit conduct with the
students during the trip. Where the State presented evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that
part of Alexander’s scheme for the spring break trip occurred in Pike County, it was proper
for the charge in Count Eight to be heard in Pike County as well.
¶64. “The questions of whether [Alexander] intended to exploit the child and whether he
aimed to meet to engage in sexually explicit conduct with [Anthony and Jacobs] were
‘questions of fact to be gleaned by the jury.’” Westbrook v. State, 109 So. 3d 609, 613-14
(¶14) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013) (quoting Shanklin v. State, 290 So. 2d 625, 627 (Miss. 1974)).
Nevertheless, “[w]e realize the State is seldom privy to direct evidence of intent because of
the obvious impossibility of peering inside a defendant’s mind.” Harris, 107 So. 3d at 1078
(¶14). As a result, “[i]n assessing [Alexander’s] intent, the jury was free to consider his acts,
expressions, and declarations.” Westbrook, 109 So. 3d at 614 (¶14).
¶65. In this case, the jury was specifically instructed that
a person commits the crime of “Exploitation of a Child” if he, by any means, knowingly entices, induces, persuades, seduces, solicits, advises, coerces or
38 orders a child, under the age of eighteen (18) years, to meet with any other person for the purpose of engaging in sexually explicit conduct.
The jury was also instructed that
the testimony, regarding the prior criminal activity of the defendant, was offered in an effort to prove opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, and absence of mistake or accident, on the part of the defendant.
(Emphasis added). “This Court presumes that jurors have followed the instructions of the
court, because to presume otherwise would render the judicial system inoperable.” Evans
v. State, 226 So. 3d 1, 26 (¶60) (Miss. 2017). As such, we presume the jurors in this case
followed the instructions they were given regarding Alexander’s charges.
¶66. The circumstances in this case are akin to the sentiments of this Court’s opinion in
Butt v. State, 986 So. 2d 981 (Miss. Ct. App. 2007). In that case, the defendant was living in
Forrest County, Mississippi, where he met a woman and began a romantic relationship with
her. Id. at 983 (¶3). The couple decided to take a trip to Tennessee to get married. Id. It was
later discovered the defendant was already married to a woman in Florida. Id. at (¶5).
Charges were filed against the defendant in Forrest County for violating Mississippi’s
bigamy statute. Id. at 984 (¶6). The defendant claimed Forrest County did not have
jurisdiction because the marriage ceremony occurred in Tennessee. Id. at (¶7). But this Court
found jurisdiction was proper under section 99-11-17. Id. at (¶10). We found as follows:
“David, while at home in Forrest County, planned to take Margaret out of state to marry her;”
and “David and Margaret lived in Forrest County, and it was there that David decided and
made plans to marry Margaret.” Id. at (¶¶11-12). Additionally, “[a]t no point did David plan
to remain in Tennessee, and he and Margaret only stayed there for a week after the marriage
39 ceremony and then returned to their home in Forrest County.” Id. at (¶12).
¶67. According to the proof in this record, Alexander made preparations for and planned
instances of sexually explicit conduct with his students for years. The jury heard testimony
from several past Jubilee students establishing Alexander’s repeated behavior and pattern of
engaging in sexual and exploitative conduct with at least eight male students in the years
leading up to the St. Louis and New York trips at issue.11 Indeed, when asked who was in
charge of planning the respective trips, both Anthony and Melissa Jacobs testified Alexander
was responsible. Likewise, both students also testified that it was Alexander who decided
who went on any given trip. Alexander took advantage of Jubilee’s existence to provide
access to these children, using the classrooms and bathrooms to condition children to perform
sexually explicit conduct under false pretenses and using similar ruses.
¶68. It is clear from the record that Alexander was an administrator and instructor at
Jubilee in Pike County. Alexander planned the St. Louis trip and New York trip from Pike
County. He took students, specifically a student he had a long history of exploiting,12 from
11 Kenneth Brown testified he was ordered to participate in sexual activity in different rooms throughout the school while Alexander watched “too many times to count.” Knox Cross testified that one time, Alexander drove him to a hotel room “across town” where one of the other students was waiting and then ordered Knox and the other boy to have sex while Alexander sat and watched. Knox also stated that it became an everyday norm for Alexander to order him to engage in sexual activity at the school. 12 The jury heard testimony from Anthony that Alexander had been forcing him to engage in a variety of sexually explicit conduct with multiple other students, as well as with Alexander himself, in the classrooms and bathrooms at Jubilee for years. Anthony said he began taking guitar lessons at Jubilee in 2012, and over time Alexander “got closer and would spend more time talking to me in private.” He also separated the students using his own religious ideology. Anthony testified Alexander told him that he was a “Prophet,” and Alexander “was supposed to be the mentor for all the Prophets which gave him more time
40 Jubilee. And importantly, he used his power as an educator at Jubilee and this specific
student’s future lessons and educational opportunities at the Jubilee school to threaten the
child to comply with his demands while at the hotel.
¶69. The dissent focuses on where some verbal requests and some actual sexual acts
occurred in reaching its conclusion that Pike County lacked jurisdiction. However, the
occurrences of the particular sexual acts included within the language of Counts Six, Seven,
and Eight in Alexander’s indictment are not the determinative factor for jurisdiction in this
case.
¶70. In Counts Six, Seven, and Eight, Alexander was charged with violating Mississippi
Code Annotated section 97-5-33(6) (Rev. 2014), the child-exploitation statute. This statute
provides: “No person shall, by any means including computer, knowingly entice, induce,
persuade, seduce, solicit, advise, coerce, or order a child to meet with the defendant or any
other person for the purpose of engaging in sexually explicit conduct.” Id. (emphasis added).
As used within the statute, “[t]he meanings of these charging verbs–entice, induce, persuade,
seduce, and solicit–draw upon the common theme of tempting, attracting or leading someone
astray.” Harris v. State, 107 So. 3d 1075, 1078-79 (¶15) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013) (internal
quotation marks omitted). In other words, “[s]ection 97-5-33(6) does not require that any
actual, physical sexual act occur.” Id. at 1078 (¶13). “Mississippi’s statute only applies to
and exclusion with us, and [Anthony] in particular.” According to Anthony, Alexander convinced him that the only way to avoid being homosexual in the future was to have sex with other boys. He also said Alexander would “arrange for [them] to go into classrooms, and he would close the door and turn off lights and go from looking at the window and looking at us and would be demand that we do various sexual activities[.]”
41 persons who knowingly engage in the prohibited conduct of enticing a child ‘to meet with the
defendant or any other person for the purpose of engaging in sexually explicit conduct.’”
Carpenter, 2023 WL 11898886, at *4 (¶19) (emphasis added) (quoting Miss. Code Ann.
§ 97-5-33(6)).
¶71. Within the child-exploitation statute, there is a subsection that specifically deals with
jurisdiction that states: “For purposes of determining jurisdiction, the offense is committed
in this state if all or part of the conduct . . . occurs in the State of Mississippi . . . .” Miss.
Code Ann. § 97-5-33(9) (emphasis added).
¶72. The sexual acts described—“fondling or other erotic touching of the genitals” and
“lascivious exhibition of the genitals”—do not constitute the criminal conduct Alexander is
charged with committing. Counts Six, Seven, and Eight in Alexander’s indictment did not
charge him with crimes of sexual battery or molestation for the sexual acts that were
committed in the hotel room in St. Louis or on the bus ride from New York. Instead,
Alexander was charged with the crime of knowingly persuading children to meet—and in
this case take field trips—with him for the purpose of later engaging in sexual conduct.13
¶73. From his offices and the school building in Pike County, Alexander persuaded these
children to go on the field trips. The fact that Alexander knowingly persuaded these children
to go on the trips for the purpose of later attempting to engage in sexual conduct with them
13 Unlike many sexual battery charges which focus on the specific moment where the sexual act is committed, exploitation is more akin to a “course of conduct” crime. Our record is replete with evidence that Alexander groomed these children and schemed and planned these trips from his base of operation at the school for the purpose of inducing the presence of the students to later perform sexual acts.
42 while on the trip necessarily puts part of this crime within the bounds of the statute.
¶74. This conduct fits squarely within the child-exploitation statutory scheme. The State
of Mississippi has an interest in pursuing charges against those who would harm our children
on the soil of our State or otherwise. The attack on the two children on the school bus in
New York did not begin on that bus, and the attack on the child in the St. Louis hotel room
did not begin in that hotel room. In this case, there was ample proof for a reasonable juror
to find that part of Alexander’s scheme and conduct in exploiting Anthony and Jacobs arose
in Pike County. Therefore, it was proper for Counts Six, Seven, and Eight to be heard in
Pike County.
V. The jury verdicts were not contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence.
¶75. Next, Alexander argues the verdicts were against the overwhelming weight of the
evidence presented. Alexander filed a post-trial motion requesting a new trial claiming that
“the verdict was against the overwhelming weight of and the lack of evidence presented by
the State of Mississippi.” In Craig v. State, 282 So. 3d 467, 470 (¶¶20-21) (Miss. Ct. App.
2019), this Court explained:
When we review the denial of a motion for a new trial, we “view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and disturb the verdict only when it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence that to allow it to stand would sanction an unconscionable injustice.” Little v. State, 233 So. 3d 288, 289 (¶1) (Miss. 2017). “We do not reweigh evidence. We do not assess the witnesses’ credibility. And we do not resolve conflicts between evidence. Those decisions belong solely to the jury.” Id. We only review the trial judge’s decision to deny a new trial for an abuse of discretion. Id. at 292 (¶21).
“It is the role of the jury to evaluate the veracity of witnesses,” and it is the “jury’s province
43 to determine the credibility of those witnesses and to resolve any conflicts in the evidence.”
Montana v. State, 822 So. 2d 954, 965-66 (¶51) (Miss. 2002).
¶76. As described above, each victim in Counts Six, Seven, and Eight gave very detailed
accounts of how Alexander sexually exploited them. They were each under eighteen years
of age, and they each described how they were persuaded by Alexander to meet with another
person for the purpose of engaging in sexually explicit conduct in Alexander’s presence.
¶77. Alexander argues on appeal that the allegations contained in his indictment did not
occur. He claims there is no physical evidence to corroborate the victims’ testimony,14 and
the fact that the allegations were raised years after they occurred discredited their
statements.15
¶78. The jury was properly instructed by the trial court. The jury heard all the testimony
presented at trial, determined the credibility of the witnesses, and resolved any conflicts in
the evidence. As a result, the jury unanimously found Alexander guilty of Counts Six, Seven,
and Eight of the indictment. We find no error by the trial court in denying Alexander’s
motion for a new trial.
VI. Alexander’s sentence was not grossly disproportionate to his crimes.
¶79. Alexander was sentenced to serve forty years for each of the six counts of child
14 “[T]he absence of physical evidence does not negate a conviction where there is testimonial evidence.” Graham v. State, 812 So. 2d 1150, 1153 (¶9) (Miss. Ct. App. 2002). 15 In Aguilar v. State, 955 So. 2d 386, 391 (¶15) (Miss. Ct. App. 2006), this Court held that the fact that the minor child failed to immediately report her abuse and “appeared normal to witnesses who saw her after the abuse did not render her testimony legally insufficient.”
44 exploitation, with each term set to run consecutively, for a total of 240 years in MDOC’s
custody. Alexander argues that he received a grossly disproportionate sentence in violation
of the Eighth Amendment. More specifically, Alexander claims that because his sentences
for each count were ordered to run consecutively rather than concurrently, he received an
“egregiously harsh” sentence.
¶80. “Any person who violates any provision of [S]ection 97-5-33 shall be guilty of a
felony and upon conviction shall be fined not less than Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000.00)
nor more than Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000.00) and shall be imprisoned for
not less than five (5) years nor more than forty (40) years.” Miss. Code Ann. § 97-5-35 (Rev.
2014). In the case at hand, Alexander was found guilty of all six counts of child exploitation
under Mississippi Code Annotated section 97-5-33(6). Although he was sentenced to the
maximum time on each count, the sentences were clearly within the statutory limits. “When
a sentence falls within a range permitted by statute[,] . . . it will not be disturbed on appeal.”
Matheny v. State, 289 So. 3d 328, 335 (¶17) (Miss. Ct. App. 2020) (citing Willis v. State, 911
So. 2d 947, 951 (¶16) (Miss. 2005)). “The only exception is if there is proof of gross
disproportionality.” Id.
¶81. A similar argument was made in Mosley v. State, 104 So. 3d 839, 841 (¶8) (Miss.
2012). Mosley claimed that his 126-year sentence constituted cruel and unusual punishment
under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Id. He contended that his
sentence involved a threshold showing of being grossly disproportionate to the crimes
charged and should therefore be evaluated under the proportionality analysis set forth in
45 Solem v. Helm, 463 U.S. 277 (1983). Mosley, 104 So. 3d at 841 (¶8). The State maintained
that because Mosley’s sentence is not “grossly disproportionate,” no proportionality analysis
was required. Id. The Mississippi Supreme Court held that “[a]s Mosley rightly
acknowledges, sentencing lies within the sole discretion of the trial court and, generally, will
not be disturbed on appeal so long as it does not exceed the maximum term allowed by the
statute.” Id. at (¶10) (internal quotation mark omitted). The supreme court agreed and upheld
the judgment of the trial court. Id. Because Alexander’s sentence falls within the statutory
guidelines, there is no inference of its being grossly disproportionate. We find no error by
the trial court in sentencing Alexander to serve 240 years in the custody of the MDOC.
CONCLUSION
¶82. As explained in Parts One and Two, we find Alexander’s arguments are unpersuasive
or without merit, and we find no reversible error. Therefore, we affirm each of his
convictions and sentences.
¶83. AFFIRMED.
PART ONE: BARNES, C.J., WILSON, P.J., WESTBROOKS, LAWRENCE, McCARTY, SMITH AND WEDDLE, JJ., CONCUR. McDONALD, J., CONCURS IN PART AND DISSENTS IN PART WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION. CARLTON, P.J., NOT PARTICIPATING.
PART TWO: WESTBROOKS, McDONALD, LAWRENCE, SMITH AND WEDDLE, JJ., CONCUR. WILSON, P.J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION. EMFINGER, J., DISSENTS IN PART TO PART TWO WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION, JOINED BY BARNES, C.J. CARLTON, P.J., NOT PARTICIPATING.
EMFINGER, J., DISSENTING IN PART TO PART TWO:
¶84. While I concur with the remainder of the majority opinion in Part Two, because I
46 would find that the Pike County Circuit Court did not have jurisdiction over Alexander’s
conduct charged in Counts Six, Seven, and Eight, I respectfully dissent in part.
¶85. Count Eight of Alexander’s indictment alleges that Alexander’s criminal conduct
occurred between March 13, 2014, and March 23, 2014. Those dates correspond to the dates
of the trip to New York. According to Alexander, sixty-two JPAC students went on the trip
to New York along with twenty-seven chaperones. The trip was open to any JPAC student
who wanted to go. On the trip, the students performed at a school in Harlem and also visited
the monuments and other sights in Washington, D.C.
¶86. There is no evidence in the record to show that prior to leaving Pike County on March
13, 2014, Alexander made any effort, as charged in the indictment, to “advise, persuade and
solicit” Anthony and Jacobs to engage in sexually explicit conduct on that trip. Instead, as
described in the majority opinion in Part One, Alexander solicited them to engage in such
conduct on the bus on the way back from New York.
¶87. The same is true for Counts Six and Seven. Counts Six and Seven allege that
Alexander’s criminal conduct occurred between the dates of November 3, 2014, and
November 11, 2014.16 Those dates correspond to the dates of the trip to St. Louis.
Alexander testified that the St. Louis trip was not a school trip. According to Alexander, he
was being honored for a song that he wrote, and that song was being performed by a choir
in St. Louis at the Church of God in Christ convocation. Anthony’s testimony was consistent
16 There is evidence in the record that Alexander solicited Anthony on other occasions. Count Five, for which Alexander was convicted, covers a period of more than two and one-half years from January 1, 2012, until October 31, 2014. This period ends just before the trip to St. Louis.
47 with Alexander’s in that the purpose of the trip was to attend the Church of God in Christ
convocation in St. Louis, Missouri. According to Anthony, Alexander picked him up in a red
van on November 3, 2014, and he, Alexander, Elliot Johnson,17 Jonathan Davidson, and
Alexander’s son set off on their trip to St. Louis.
¶88. It was the State’s burden to show that Alexander, between those dates listed in Count
Six and Seven, did, as charged in the indictment, “advise, persuade and solicit” Anthony
to engage in sexually explicit conduct with him. The record clearly shows that Alexander’s
effort to “advise, persuade and solicit” Anthony to engage in such conduct happened in the
hotel room in St. Louis contemporaneously with Alexander’s attempt to engage in such
acts.18 At trial, Anthony testified:
[Alexander] waited until everyone else was asleep, and then he rolled over and nudged me and told me that I had one last chance to do what he asked of me, or he wouldn’t teach me acting anymore. And he told me that I had to start feeling him on his body, and he started touching my body. He started kissing my neck and putting his hand up my shirt to try to remove clothes, touch my genitals, and after a couple [of] minutes of allowing him to have his way with me, I pushed away, and I said I didn’t care if I couldn’t act anymore, I refused.
There is no evidence in the record to show that before leaving Pike County on November 3,
2014, Alexander said anything to Anthony about staying in the same hotel room, sharing a
bed, or engaging in sexually explicit conduct in St. Louis.
¶89. The majority opinion in Part Two attempts to support its decision that Pike County
17 Elliot Johnson was another teacher at JPAC. At the time of trial, Johnson was deceased. 18 Although not mentioned in Part Two, Elliot Johnson, Jonathan Davidson, and Alexander’s son were also in the same hotel room with Alexander and Anthony.
48 had jurisdiction in several ways. The majority states:
Unlike many sexual battery charges which focus on the specific moment where the sexual act is committed, exploitation is more akin to a “course of conduct” crime. Our record is replete with evidence that Alexander groomed these children and schemed and planned these trips from his base of operation at the school for the purpose of inducing the presence of the students to later perform sexual acts.
However, there is no authority cited to support a “course of conduct” theory of jurisdiction
that applies to section 99-5-33(6). Further, the opinion suggests that Mississippi Code
Annotated sections 99-5-33(9), 99-11-19, and 99-11-25 all support a finding that Pike
County had jurisdiction. However, I would find that these statutes are not applicable in this
case because Alexander’s criminal conduct, as charged in these three counts, did not occur,
in whole or in part, in Pike County.
¶90. In Harris v. State, 107 So. 3d 1075, 1078 (¶13) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013), a case cited by
the majority opinion in Part Two, Harris was in the same house as his girlfriend’s fourteen-
year-old daughter when he sent text messages to her “expressing his sexual attraction to her
and that he wanted to touch her behind.” Id. at 1076 (¶2). However, there was never any
physical contact between the two. In affirming Harris’ conviction, this court reasoned:
Section 97-5-33(6) does not require that any actual, physical sexual act occur. Nor must an actual, confirmed meeting be set or take place. Rather, the mere attempt to exploit a child is enough. As our supreme court recently explained, because “[s]olicitation is sufficient to violate” section 97-5-33(6), the statute is violated and the crime of exploitation is complete when one attempts to exploit a child. Shaffer v. State, 72 So. 3d 1070, 1072 (¶¶4-5) (Miss. 2011); cf. State v. Farrington, 161 N.H. 440, 20 A.3d 291, 296 (2011) (holding that “[n]owhere in the plain and ordinary meaning” of New Hampshire’s similarly worded child-exploitation statute is there “any requirement that the defendant must explicitly or affirmatively ask the victim to engage in sexual [conduct]”). So the pertinent inquiry is whether Harris, by knowingly communicating
49 to the child his desire to engage in sexually explicit conduct with her, was attempting to entice, induce, persuade, seduce, or solicit the child to meet him to engage in that conduct.
Id. at 1078 (¶13) (emphasis added). I agree with the majority in opinion Part Two that an
offense pursuant to section 99-5-33(6) is complete upon a defendant’s “solicitation” of the
child to “meet with the defendant or any other person for the purpose of engaging in sexually
explicit conduct,” whether or not such conduct actually occurs.
¶91. In Westbrook v. State, 109 So. 3d 609 (Miss. Ct. App. 2013), relied upon by the
majority in Part Two, the defendant lived in the same apartment complex with the child
victim, Smith. Id. at 611 (¶4). The two became friends, went to movies and meals together,
to movies, and generally spent time together in their apartments. Id. Smith testified that
Westbrook would rub his hands on Smith’s penis and bottom but never inside his pants or
underwear. Id. When Smith’s mother became concerned with this relationship, she sent him
to Arkansas to live with his father and instructed the child to have no further contact with
Westbrook. Id. This court found:
Evidence was presented to the jury that Westbrook sent Smith a letter indicating his desire to set up a meeting in Jacksonville for them to “maybe go for some pizza and then to [Westbrook’s] hotel to visit for a while.” A reasonable jury could have concluded that, while an overt request for sexual activity was not made, a request by a middle aged man to “visit” with an underage boy in a hotel room, against his parents’ wishes, satisfactorily met the elements of the crime charged.
Id. at 613-14(¶14).
¶92. In both Harris and Westbrook, there were specific contacts, a text message, and a
letter, where the defendants “knowingly communicat[ed] to the child his desire to engage
50 in sexually explicit conduct with [the child]” and was “attempting to entice, induce,
persuade, seduce, or solicit the child to meet him to engage in that conduct.” (Emphasis
added). In the present case in Count Eight, that communication occurred on the bus on the
way back from New York. In Counts Six and Seven, that communication occurred in the
hotel room in St. Louis.
¶93. Accordingly, the Pike County Circuit Court lacked jurisdiction to proceed on those
three counts of Alexander’s indictment. Because I would find that the jury verdicts as to
Counts Six, Seven, and Eight of Alexander’s indictment should be reversed and rendered,
I respectfully concur in part and dissent in part as to the majority opinion in Part Two.
BARNES, C.J., JOINS THIS OPINION.
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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack
Terrance Alexander a/k/a Terrance Lamont Alexander v. State of Mississippi, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/terrance-alexander-aka-terrance-lamont-alexander-v-state-of-mississippi-missctapp-2024.