Teresa Treat v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)

• Court: Indiana Court of Appeals
• Decided: February 25, 2019
• Docket: 18A-CR-1406
• Status: Published

Opinion

MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Feb 25 2019, 9:01 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Valerie K. Boots Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Daniel Hageman Attorney General of Indiana Marion County Public Defender Agency Evan Matthew Comer Indianapolis, Indiana Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Teresa Treat, February 25, 2019 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-CR-1406 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Appellee-Plaintiff. Angela Dow Davis, Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49G16-1712-CM-48898

Kirsch, Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1406 | February 25, 2019 Page 1 of 8 [1] Following a bench trial, Teresa Treat (“Treat”) was convicted of domestic

battery1 as a Class A misdemeanor and was sentenced to 180 days of

incarceration, which was suspended to probation. Treat appeals her sentence

and raises the following issue: whether the trial court abused its discretion

when it ordered her to pay probation user fees.

[2] We affirm.

Facts and Procedural History [3] On the night of December 21, 2017, Treat and her husband, J.T., went out for

dinner with Treat’s daughter and her daughter’s boyfriend at a restaurant in

Southport, Indiana, where Treat consumed a couple of alcoholic beverages.

Afterwards, Treat and J.T. left the restaurant and began driving to J.T.’s

mother’s house in New Palestine, Indiana, because J.T. wanted to give some

money to his son, who was having a party to celebrate his birthday. On the

way to the house, Treat became very upset about her marriage, and she

punched J.T. on the right side of his face with a closed fist. Tr. Vol. II at 14.

This punch resulted in a bruise that lingered for approximately three or four

weeks. Id. at 15.

[4] When Treat and J.T. arrived at his mother’s home, the party was over, and

everybody had already left. J.T. drove Treat home, and she went straight to

1 See Ind. Code § 35-42-2-1.3(a)(1).

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1406 | February 25, 2019 Page 2 of 8 bed. J.T. then left the house and went to a nearby gas station where he called

the police and reported the battery. Id. at 17. When officers arrived at the

house, they took photographs of J.T.’s injuries. Treat was then arrested and

charged with one count of Class A misdemeanor domestic battery and one

count of Class A misdemeanor battery resulting in bodily injury. Appellant’s

App. Vol. II at 17. After a bench trial, Treat was convicted of Class A

misdemeanor domestic battery and acquitted of the battery resulting in bodily

injury charge. Tr. Vol. II at 78.

[5] A sentencing hearing was held on May 31, 2018, and the trial court sentenced

Treat to 180 days in prison with 176 days suspended to non-reporting

probation. Id. at 81; Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 12. At the conclusion of the

sentencing hearing, the trial court told Treat, “I think there’s a nominal fee for

the non-reporting probation but I’m ordering no fines and no court costs.” Tr.

Vol. II at 83. The trial court’s sentencing order did not specify the probation

user fees; however, it did list a $50.00 domestic violence prevention fee and a

$50.00 supplemental public defender fee. Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 12.

[6] The next day, the Marion County Probation Department (“the Probation

Department”) filed a memorandum with the trial court, which stated:

The above[-]named defendant was convicted of … MA: Domestic Battery and sentenced to 176 days Non-Reporting Probation. Per the Indiana Trial Court Fee Manual, the following fees are eligible to be assessed that were not addressed by the Court:

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1406 | February 25, 2019 Page 3 of 8 Probation Administrative Fee in the amount of $50.00

Probation User Fee in the amount of $170.00

The Probation Department is seeking clarification as to if the Court wishes to have these fees assessed.

Id. at 87. In response to this memorandum, the trial court issued an “Order on

Memorandum of Probation” that ordered the Probation Department to

“[p]lease access [sic] fees as defendant was made aware there were fees involved

at sentencing.” Id. at 88. On June 8, 2018, the trial court approved a request

from the Probation Department to apply Treat’s bond to her outstanding

balance of $320.00. Id. at 89-90. Treat now appeals.

Discussion and Decision [7] Treat challenges the imposition of probation fees. Specifically, she contends

that the trial court abused its discretion when it allowed the Probation

Department, rather than the trial court, to assess those fees. “‘Sentencing

decisions include decisions to impose fees and costs,’ and a trial court’s

sentencing decision is reviewed for abuse of discretion.” De La Cruz v. State, 80

N.E.3d 210, 213 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017) (quoting Coleman v. State, 61 N.E.3d 390,

392 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016)). An abuse of discretion occurs when the sentencing

decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances

before the court, or the reasonable, probable, and actual deductions to be drawn

therefrom. Id. The trial court must impose fees within statutory parameters.

Berry v. State, 950 N.E.2d 798, 799 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011).

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1406 | February 25, 2019 Page 4 of 8 [8] The statute governing probation, Indiana Code section 35-38-2-1, provides that

whenever a trial court places a person on probation, the court is required to,

among other things, “specify in the record the conditions of probation[.]” Ind.

Code § 35-38-2-1(a).

In addition to any other conditions of probation, the court may order each person convicted of a misdemeanor to pay:

(1) not more than a fifty dollar ($50) initial probation user’s fee;

(2) a monthly probation user’s fee of not less than ten dollars ($10) nor more than twenty dollars ($20) for each month that the person remains on probation;

....

(4) an administrative fee of fifty dollars ($50);

to either the probation department or the clerk.

Ind. Code § 35-38-2-1(e).

[9] “[I]t is the trial court, not the probation department, that has the discretion to

impose probation fees.” Burnett v. State, 74 N.E.3d 1221, 1227 (Ind. Ct. App.

2017). A probation department may, however, petition a trial court to

“impose” or “increase” a person’s probation user’s fee “if the financial ability of

the person to pay a probation user’s fee changes while the person is on

probation.” Ind. Code § 35-38-2-1.7(b).

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1406 | February 25, 2019 Page 5 of 8 [10] Treat argues that the trial court impermissibly delegated its authority to impose

probation fees to the Probation Department when it adopted the fees included

in the probation department’s June 1, 2018 memorandum. In support of her

argument, Treat cites to several probation fee cases, where the trial court’s

sentencing order and probation order did not impose probation fees, but the

probation department later imposed probation fees after sentencing. See, e.g., De

La Cruz, 80 N.E.3d at 212-14 (vacating probation fees because the trial court

imposed a “sliding scale” probation fee calculation that essentially gave the

probation department the unilateral authority to determine whether the

defendant would be required to pay probation fees and finding that trial court’s

“probation order, along with the absence of a clear statement imposing

probation fees, shows the trial court’s intent not to impose such fees”); Burnett,

74 N.E.3d at 1227 (vacating probation fees imposed by the probation

department after sentencing and remanding for further proceedings, where the

trial court made vague references to “various probation fees that are required”

and sections of the sentencing order that should have contained fee amounts

were blacked out); Coleman, 61 N.E.3d at 393-94 (vacating the probation fees

imposed by the probation department where the sentencing order did not list

any such fees and the probation order contained “ordered amount” sections

that were either blacked out or blank).

[11] We find the present case to be distinguishable from those previous cases. Here,

unlike the above cited cases, the probation department did not independently

impose probation fees on Treat. At her sentencing hearing, the trial court

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1406 | February 25, 2019 Page 6 of 8 explicitly stated that Treat would be required to pay “a nominal fee for the non-

reporting probation.” Tr. Vol. II at 83. However, although the trial court’s

sentencing order listed a $50.00 domestic violence prevention fee and a $50.00

supplemental public defender fee as monetary obligations, it did not contain

any reference to any additional fees that Treat would be required to pay.

Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 12. The day after the sentencing hearing, the

Probation Department filed a memorandum with the trial court, requesting

clarification as to whether the trial court wanted to have a $50.00 administrative

fee and a $170.00 probation user fee assessed. Id. at 87. The trial court

responded by issuing an order for the Probation Department to assess probation

user fees, which authorized the user fees listed in the Probation Department’s

memorandum. Id. at 88. Therefore, while the trial court relied upon the

calculations made by the Probation Department, the trial judge, and not a

probation officer, ultimately made the determination that Treat should pay

probation fees and entered the order requiring her to pay the fees. Id. We

conclude that the trial court did not delegate its authority to impose probation

fees and, instead, merely clarified the sentencing order that omitted fees that the

trial judge had intended to impose originally. Tr. Vol. II at 83.

[12] Treat, however, maintains that the only way the trial court could alter its

sentencing order was by following the procedures outlined in Indiana Code

Section 35-38-2-1.7(b), which provides that the probation department may

petition a trial court to impose or increase a probation user’s fees upon a

showing that the financial ability of the probationer to pay the fees has changed

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1406 | February 25, 2019 Page 7 of 8 while the person is on probation. Although section 35-38-1-2.7(b) sets out a

procedure of how a probation user’s fees can be modified while they are on

probation, that is not what occurred in the present case. Here, the day after the

trial court sentenced Treat to non-reporting probation and informed her that

there would be a nominal fee for such, the Probation Department sent the trial

court a memorandum requesting clarification as to whether the trial court

wished fees to be assessed, not modification of the existing fees based on Treat’s

ability to pay. We, therefore, conclude that the trial court did not delegate its

authority to the Probation Department and did not abuse its discretion when it

ordered Treat to pay $220.00 in probation fees.

[13] Affirmed.

Riley, J., and Robb, J., concur.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 18A-CR-1406 | February 25, 2019 Page 8 of 8