MEMORANDUM DECISION Jun 30 2015, 10:26 am Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Mark F. James Gregory F. Zoeller Anderson Agostino & Keller, P.C. Attorney General of Indiana South Bend, Indiana Lyubov Gore Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
T. D. G., June 30, 2015
Appellant-Petitioner, Court of Appeals Case No. 71A04-1411-JV-528 v. Appeal from the St. Joseph Probate Court. State of Indiana, The Honorable James N. Fox, Judge. Appellee-Respondent. The Honorable Joel R. Gabrielse, Magistrate. Cause No. 71J01-1406-JD-264
Riley, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 71A04-1411-JV-528 | June 30, 2015 Page 1 of 6 STATEMENT OF THE CASE
[1] Appellant-Respondent, T.D.G., appeals his adjudication as a juvenile
delinquent for the offense of robbery, which would be a Class C felony if
committed by an adult.
[2] We affirm.
ISSUE
[3] T.D.G. raises one issue on appeal, which we restate as follows: Whether the
State presented sufficient evidence to support his adjudication as a delinquent
child.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY1
[4] On the evening of June 29, 2014, J.G. was riding his bicycle—a green
Mongoose with a pink tire—home from Mezzei’s store in South Bend, St.
Joseph County, Indiana. At that time, sixteen-year-old T.D.G. and his friends,
C.A., O.J., and D.W., were walking to Mezzei’s together. Prior to this
evening, J.G. and C.A. had experienced a long history of not getting along.
Thus, upon seeing C.A. and the rest of the group walking toward him, J.G.
steered his bicycle in the opposite direction and pedaled faster to avoid any
1 We note that T.D.G.’s appellate brief does not contain a statement of the facts relevant to the issues presented for review. Ind. Appellate Rule 46(A)(6). Rather, his statement of facts is merely a recitation of the course of the proceedings. We would remind parties that compliance with the appellate rules is essential for our court’s efficient review.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 71A04-1411-JV-528 | June 30, 2015 Page 2 of 6 interaction with them. However, O.J. immediately began chasing J.G., and the
other boys followed.
[5] As the pursuit ensued down Indiana Avenue, J.G. observed his uncle’s vehicle
parked alongside the street, so he abandoned his bicycle in a nearby field and
took shelter in his uncle’s unlocked vehicle. O.J. and the others quickly caught
up to J.G., and because his uncle was not present, J.G. exited the vehicle. O.J.
retrieved J.G.’s bicycle as T.D.G. and C.A. approached J.G. With a closed fist,
T.D.G. punched J.G. on the left side of his face. Then, C.A. punched him
directly in the mouth, causing J.G.’s tooth to pop out of his mouth. When J.G.
knelt down to pick up his tooth, T.D.G. kicked him in the side. J.G.
announced that he was going to call the police, so T.D.G. and O.J. rode away
on J.G.’s bicycle while C.A. and D.W. ran away on foot. While waiting for the
police, J.G. briefly searched the area in an attempt to find his bicycle, but he
never recovered it.
[6] On July 8, 2014, the State filed a petition alleging T.D.G. to be a delinquent
child because he committed the offense of robbery, which would be a Class C
felony if committed by an adult, Ind. Code § 35-42-5-1 (2013).2 In particular the
State charged that T.D.G. “did knowingly or intentionally take . . . a bicycle
from the person or presence of [J.G.], by using or threatening the use of force.”
2 As of July 1, 2014, the crime of robbery, if committed by an adult, is a Level 5 felony and is punishable with a sentence of one to six years. I.C. §§ 35-42-5-1; 35-50-2-6(b) (2014). Because T.D.G. committed his offense two days before the effective date of the revised criminal code, he was charged under the prior version, which provides that robbery is a Class C felony.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 71A04-1411-JV-528 | June 30, 2015 Page 3 of 6 (Appellant’s App. p. 3). On September 9, 2014, the trial court held a fact-
finding hearing. At the close of the evidence, the trial court adjudicated T.D.G.
to be a delinquent child. On October 14, 2014, the trial court conducted a
dispositional hearing. The trial court ordered T.D.G. to be placed on strict and
indefinite probation, with conditions including, in part, electronic home
monitoring and participation in a day reporting program.
[7] T.D.G. now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
[8] T.D.G. claims that the State presented insufficient evidence to support his
delinquency adjudication for robbery. “A child commits a delinquent act if,
before becoming eighteen (18) years of age, the child commits an act that would
be an offense if committed by an adult.” I.C. § 31-37-1-2. In order for a
juvenile to be adjudicated a delinquent for committing an act that would be a
crime if committed by an adult, the State is required to prove every element of
that crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Z.A. v. State, 13 N.E.3d 438, 439 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2014). When reviewing the sufficiency of evidence supporting a
juvenile adjudication, we do not reweigh evidence or assess the credibility of
witnesses, and we will consider only “the evidence of probative value and the
reasonable inferences that support the determination.” Id.
[9] In order to establish the offense of robbery as a Class C felony, the State must
prove that T.D.G. knowingly or intentionally took property from J.G. or from
the presence of J.G. by using or threatening the use of force on any person or by
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 71A04-1411-JV-528 | June 30, 2015 Page 4 of 6 putting any person in fear. See I.C. § 35-42-5-1 (2013). T.D.G. asserts that C.A.
“had a beef with [J.G.] and wanted to fight [J.G.]. [C.A.] did in fact strike
[J.G.]. There is no evidence of any intent to take property from [J.G.].”
(Appellant’s Br. p. 3). T.D.G. further argues that “[a]t trial, there were different
versions of what happened[,] . . . [but] [n]ot one of [T.D.G.’s] witnesses testified
that they saw T.D.G. touch the property belonging to [J.G.] or take any
property belonging to [J.G.].” (Appellant’s Br. p. 3). Thus, T.D.G. posits that
his adjudication must be reversed because he “did not perform any act in the
furtherance of the crime of robbery.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 4). We disagree.
[10] It is well established that “[t]he uncorroborated testimony of one witness may
be sufficient by itself to sustain an adjudication of delinquency on appeal.”
J.D.P. v. State, 857 N.E.2d 1000, 1009 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied.
During the fact-finding hearing, J.G. testified that he recognized T.D.G. and
C.A. when he saw them walking down the street, and he diverted his direction
in order to avoid any type of confrontation based on his past history with C.A.
Nevertheless, after T.D.G. and his cohorts chased J.G. down, O.J. held onto
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Jun 30 2015, 10:26 am Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Mark F. James Gregory F. Zoeller Anderson Agostino & Keller, P.C. Attorney General of Indiana South Bend, Indiana Lyubov Gore Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
T. D. G., June 30, 2015
Appellant-Petitioner, Court of Appeals Case No. 71A04-1411-JV-528 v. Appeal from the St. Joseph Probate Court. State of Indiana, The Honorable James N. Fox, Judge. Appellee-Respondent. The Honorable Joel R. Gabrielse, Magistrate. Cause No. 71J01-1406-JD-264
Riley, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 71A04-1411-JV-528 | June 30, 2015 Page 1 of 6 STATEMENT OF THE CASE
[1] Appellant-Respondent, T.D.G., appeals his adjudication as a juvenile
delinquent for the offense of robbery, which would be a Class C felony if
committed by an adult.
[2] We affirm.
ISSUE
[3] T.D.G. raises one issue on appeal, which we restate as follows: Whether the
State presented sufficient evidence to support his adjudication as a delinquent
child.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY1
[4] On the evening of June 29, 2014, J.G. was riding his bicycle—a green
Mongoose with a pink tire—home from Mezzei’s store in South Bend, St.
Joseph County, Indiana. At that time, sixteen-year-old T.D.G. and his friends,
C.A., O.J., and D.W., were walking to Mezzei’s together. Prior to this
evening, J.G. and C.A. had experienced a long history of not getting along.
Thus, upon seeing C.A. and the rest of the group walking toward him, J.G.
steered his bicycle in the opposite direction and pedaled faster to avoid any
1 We note that T.D.G.’s appellate brief does not contain a statement of the facts relevant to the issues presented for review. Ind. Appellate Rule 46(A)(6). Rather, his statement of facts is merely a recitation of the course of the proceedings. We would remind parties that compliance with the appellate rules is essential for our court’s efficient review.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 71A04-1411-JV-528 | June 30, 2015 Page 2 of 6 interaction with them. However, O.J. immediately began chasing J.G., and the
other boys followed.
[5] As the pursuit ensued down Indiana Avenue, J.G. observed his uncle’s vehicle
parked alongside the street, so he abandoned his bicycle in a nearby field and
took shelter in his uncle’s unlocked vehicle. O.J. and the others quickly caught
up to J.G., and because his uncle was not present, J.G. exited the vehicle. O.J.
retrieved J.G.’s bicycle as T.D.G. and C.A. approached J.G. With a closed fist,
T.D.G. punched J.G. on the left side of his face. Then, C.A. punched him
directly in the mouth, causing J.G.’s tooth to pop out of his mouth. When J.G.
knelt down to pick up his tooth, T.D.G. kicked him in the side. J.G.
announced that he was going to call the police, so T.D.G. and O.J. rode away
on J.G.’s bicycle while C.A. and D.W. ran away on foot. While waiting for the
police, J.G. briefly searched the area in an attempt to find his bicycle, but he
never recovered it.
[6] On July 8, 2014, the State filed a petition alleging T.D.G. to be a delinquent
child because he committed the offense of robbery, which would be a Class C
felony if committed by an adult, Ind. Code § 35-42-5-1 (2013).2 In particular the
State charged that T.D.G. “did knowingly or intentionally take . . . a bicycle
from the person or presence of [J.G.], by using or threatening the use of force.”
2 As of July 1, 2014, the crime of robbery, if committed by an adult, is a Level 5 felony and is punishable with a sentence of one to six years. I.C. §§ 35-42-5-1; 35-50-2-6(b) (2014). Because T.D.G. committed his offense two days before the effective date of the revised criminal code, he was charged under the prior version, which provides that robbery is a Class C felony.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 71A04-1411-JV-528 | June 30, 2015 Page 3 of 6 (Appellant’s App. p. 3). On September 9, 2014, the trial court held a fact-
finding hearing. At the close of the evidence, the trial court adjudicated T.D.G.
to be a delinquent child. On October 14, 2014, the trial court conducted a
dispositional hearing. The trial court ordered T.D.G. to be placed on strict and
indefinite probation, with conditions including, in part, electronic home
monitoring and participation in a day reporting program.
[7] T.D.G. now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
[8] T.D.G. claims that the State presented insufficient evidence to support his
delinquency adjudication for robbery. “A child commits a delinquent act if,
before becoming eighteen (18) years of age, the child commits an act that would
be an offense if committed by an adult.” I.C. § 31-37-1-2. In order for a
juvenile to be adjudicated a delinquent for committing an act that would be a
crime if committed by an adult, the State is required to prove every element of
that crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Z.A. v. State, 13 N.E.3d 438, 439 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2014). When reviewing the sufficiency of evidence supporting a
juvenile adjudication, we do not reweigh evidence or assess the credibility of
witnesses, and we will consider only “the evidence of probative value and the
reasonable inferences that support the determination.” Id.
[9] In order to establish the offense of robbery as a Class C felony, the State must
prove that T.D.G. knowingly or intentionally took property from J.G. or from
the presence of J.G. by using or threatening the use of force on any person or by
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 71A04-1411-JV-528 | June 30, 2015 Page 4 of 6 putting any person in fear. See I.C. § 35-42-5-1 (2013). T.D.G. asserts that C.A.
“had a beef with [J.G.] and wanted to fight [J.G.]. [C.A.] did in fact strike
[J.G.]. There is no evidence of any intent to take property from [J.G.].”
(Appellant’s Br. p. 3). T.D.G. further argues that “[a]t trial, there were different
versions of what happened[,] . . . [but] [n]ot one of [T.D.G.’s] witnesses testified
that they saw T.D.G. touch the property belonging to [J.G.] or take any
property belonging to [J.G.].” (Appellant’s Br. p. 3). Thus, T.D.G. posits that
his adjudication must be reversed because he “did not perform any act in the
furtherance of the crime of robbery.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 4). We disagree.
[10] It is well established that “[t]he uncorroborated testimony of one witness may
be sufficient by itself to sustain an adjudication of delinquency on appeal.”
J.D.P. v. State, 857 N.E.2d 1000, 1009 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied.
During the fact-finding hearing, J.G. testified that he recognized T.D.G. and
C.A. when he saw them walking down the street, and he diverted his direction
in order to avoid any type of confrontation based on his past history with C.A.
Nevertheless, after T.D.G. and his cohorts chased J.G. down, O.J. held onto
J.G.’s bicycle as T.D.G. and C.A. punched and kicked J.G., causing J.G. to
lose a tooth. J.G. then testified that he watched as T.D.G. and O.J. rode away
on his bicycle, which was the last time he saw his bicycle. Conversely, O.J.,
D.W., and C.A. provided inconsistent accounts of the event, and the trial court
specifically discredited their testimony. Instead, the trial court stated, “I do
believe [J.G.’s] version of events, I do not believe the contrary multiple versions
of events, and I do not find that they are consistent on the key factors.” (Tr. p.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 71A04-1411-JV-528 | June 30, 2015 Page 5 of 6 97). Accordingly, we find that T.D.G.’s argument amounts to a request that we
reassess the credibility of the witnesses to find in his favor, which we decline to
do. Based on J.G.’s testimony, we conclude that there is sufficient evidence to
support T.D.G.’s adjudication as a juvenile delinquent.
CONCLUSION
[11] Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the State presented evidence beyond a
reasonable doubt to support T.D.G.’s adjudication as a juvenile delinquent.
[12] Affirmed.
[13] Bailey, J. and Barnes, J. concur
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 71A04-1411-JV-528 | June 30, 2015 Page 6 of 6