Taylor v. Maxson

483 S.W.3d 852, 2016 Ky. App. LEXIS 15, 2016 WL 675429
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kentucky
DecidedFebruary 19, 2016
DocketNO. 2014-CA-000743-MR
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 483 S.W.3d 852 (Taylor v. Maxson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kentucky primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Taylor v. Maxson, 483 S.W.3d 852, 2016 Ky. App. LEXIS 15, 2016 WL 675429 (Ky. Ct. App. 2016).

Opinion

[854]*854 OPINION

JONES, JUDGE:

This appeal arises out of the Franklin Circuit Court’s order dismissing the Appellant’s claims on the basis of Governmental Immunity and Qualified Official Immunity. We affirm, albeit, for slightly different reasons than those articulated by the circuit court.1

I.

In July of 2013, the Appellant, Antoinette Taylor, requested the Education and Workforce Development Cabinet (“the Cabinet”) to provide her with various documents. Taylor requested the documents under Kentucky’s Open Records Act, KRS2 61.870 et seq. , The Appellee, James Chesnut Maxson, an attorney and policy advisor for the Cabinet, was tasked with responding to Taylor’s requests. Maxson did not tender a substantive response to Taylor within three days as required by KRS 61.880. Instead, Maxson, acting on behalf of the Cabinet, told Taylor that the Cabinet would review her requests and. “expect[ed] to be able to respond -... within ten (10) working days from the date .of the letter.”

Dissatisfied with the Cabinet’s action, Taylor filed an Open Records Act appeal with the Kentucky Attorney General. The Attorney General found in Taylor’s favor with respect to some of her requests. Thereafter, Taylor, acting without the assistance of counsel, filed this action in Franklin Circuit Court. In her complaint, Taylor seeks to hold Maxson liable in both his official and individual capacities for his alleged willful failure' to respond to her requests as well as his . alleged intentional misstatements to the Kentucky Attorney General during Taylor’s appeal.

Maxson moved to dismiss the complaint on the basis that no claims could- be maintained against him in his official capacity as such claims are barred by the doctrine of sovereign immunity and further, that any claim against him in his individual capacity was barred by the doctrine of qualified official immunity. The matter was fully briefed and oral, argument was held before the trial court. The trial court ultimately sustained Maxsoh’s motion to dismiss with respect to Taylor’s complaint on April 14, 2014. This.appeal followed.

II.

The standard for granting a motion to dismiss pursuant to Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure (CR) 12.02 is well known:

The court should not grant the motion unless it appears the pleading party would not be entitled to relief under any set of facts which could be proved in support of his claim. In making this decision, the circuit court is not required to make any factual determination; rather, the question is purely a matter of law. Stated another way, the court must ask if the facts alleged in the complaint can be proved, would the plaintiff be entitled to relief?

James v. Wilson, 95 S.W.3d 875, 883-84 (Ky.App.2002) (internal quotations and footnotes omitted). Because the circuit court dismissed the action on Maxson’s motion to dismiss, pursuant to CR 12.02, for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, our focus is on the complaint. As our standard of review re[855]*855quires, for purposes of considering the trial court’s granting of Appellee’s motion to dismiss, we assume the facts- alleged by Appellant are true. Hide v. Jones, 362 S.W.2d 287, 288 (Ky.1962).

A court should not grant a motion :to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted pursuant to CR 12.02 “unless it appears the pleading party would not be entitled to relief under any set of facts which could be proved in support of his' claim.” Pari-Mutuel Clerks’ Union of Kentucky v. Kentucky Jockey Club, 551 S.W.2d 801, 803 (Ky.1977). Because we are concerned only with whether the complaint states a cause of action, and "not liability, our decision necessarily depends on the allegations made in the complaint. See Smith v. Isaacs, 777 S.W.2d 912, 915 (Ky.1989).

III.

The circuit court found that to the extent Taylor pled facts in her complaint sufficient to allege a 'cause of action against Maxson in'his official as well as in his individual capacity, such claims were barred by the defense of immunity. We examine each below.

Governmental Immunity

Governmental immunity is “a policy-derived offshoot of sovereign immunity,” Caneyville Volunteer Fire Dept. v. Green’s Motorcycle Salvage, Inc., 286 S.W.3d 790, 801 (Ky.2009), that seeks to protect government agencies and entities from liability. Yanero v. Davis, 65 S.W.3d 510, 517 (Ky.2001). Under the doctrine of governmental immunity, “a state agency [or entity] is entitled to immunity from tort liability to the extent that it is performing a governmental, as opposed to a proprietary, function.” Id. Simply” put, while a county government is wholly immune from suit, immunity is a conditional status for a government agency or entity that turns on whether the agency or entity is performing an essential government function. Caneyville, 286 S.W.3d at 804.

Taylor’s suit against Maxson in his official capacity is essentially a suit against the Cabinet. The Cabinet is irrefutably an agency of' the Commonwealth. “Where sovereign immunity exists by reason of the constitution, the General Assembly may extend or limit waiver as it sees fit.” Caneyville, 286 S.W.3d at 805-06. With respect to violations of the Open Records Act, the Commonwealth has only partially waived its' immunity. KRS 61.882(5) provides:

Any person who prevails against any agency in any action in the courts regarding a violation of KRS 61.870 to 61.884 may, upon a finding' that the records were willfully withheld in violation of KRS 6Í.870 to 61.884, be awarded costs, including reasonable ’attorney’s fees, incurred in connection with the legal action. If such person prevails in part, the court may ,in its discretion award him costs or an appropriate portion thereof. In addition, it shall be within the discretion of the court to award the person an amount not to exceed twenty-five dollars ($25) for each day that he was denied the right to inspect or copy said public record. Attorney’s fees, costs, and awards under this subsection shall be paid by the agency that- the court determines is responsible for the violation.

Id.'

This waiver is very limited. It provides a set amount of damages that a court may, award where a. prior determination has been made that the agency willfully violated KRS 61.884. Nowhere in KRS 61.882

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
483 S.W.3d 852, 2016 Ky. App. LEXIS 15, 2016 WL 675429, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/taylor-v-maxson-kyctapp-2016.