Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any FILED court except for the purpose of Feb 11 2013, 9:40 am establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case. CLERK of the supreme court, court of appeals and tax court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
STEPHEN P. MURPHY, JR. DAVID M. SHAW Evansville, Indiana Evansville, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
TAMMY SYERS, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 82A05-1205-CC-276 ) JKL CONSTRUCTION & HOME ) MAINTENANCE, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE VANDERBURGH SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Robert J. Tornatta, Judge Cause No. 82D03-1001-CC-66
February 11, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION
RILEY, Judge STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Appellant-Defendant, Tammy Syers (Syers), appeals the trial court’s judgment in
favor of Appellee-Plaintiff, JKL Construction & Home Maintenance (JKL).
We affirm.
ISSUES
Syers raises two issues on appeal, which we restate as:
(1) Whether JKL’s mechanics lien was timely filed; and
(2) Whether JKL’s mechanics lien is void because of an overstated amount.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Syers, a resident of Colorado, owned a three unit rental property in Evansville,
Indiana. All units required repairs, prompting Syers to contact JKL. JKL is a
construction company providing property restoration and repair services. The parties
verbally agreed on the scope of work and JKL estimated a price of $4,500. On May 25,
2009, JKL generated an invoice to memorialize the scope of work and the contract price.
On May 27, 2009, Syers paid JKL $2,250 by credit card. In June 2009, JKL
purchased materials for the work. JKL also retained a subcontractor to perform part of
the services. In July, Syers notified JKL that she was dissatisfied with progress on the
work yet also offered to make another payment. On July 11, 2009, Syers paid JKL
$1,150 by credit card. On July 20, 2009, a building permit was issued for the work.
Syers informed JKL that she disputed the work done and would seek a refund of all credit
card payments to JKL. Thereafter, JKL ceased performing work on Syers’ property. 2 On Monday, October 19, 2009, JKL filed a Notice of Mechanic’s Lien in the
amount of $4,500. On January 6, 2010, JKL filed its Complaint to Foreclose on
Mechanic’s Lien, which was later amended. On January 29, 2010, the trial court received
correspondence from Syers which it deemed to be an Answer denying JKL’s claim.
On April 27, 2012, a bench trial was held. JKL’s president, Sean Hopple
(Hopple), testified that JKL performed work after receiving the building permit and last
performed work on Syers’ property “a few days after” July 20, 2009. (Transcript p. 8).
Following the presentation of evidence, the trial court entered judgment in favor of JKL.
It concluded that JKL performed work as late as July 21, 2009 and had therefore timely
filed its mechanic’s lien. The trial court awarded JKL $2,582.31 for its labor and
materials and $860.77 in attorneys fees. The total amount awarded was $3,443.08 plus
court costs.
Syers now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
I. Standard of Review
Our review of the trial court’s judgment following a bench trial is governed by
Ind. Trial R. 52(A). See Abbey Villas Dev. Corp. v. Site Contractors, Inc., 716 N.E.2d
91, 97 (Ind. Ct. App. 1991), trans. denied. Neither party appears to have requested
special findings; the trial court therefore entered its findings sua sponte. When the trial
court enters findings sua sponte, the specific findings control only as to the issues they
cover, while a general judgment standard applies to any issue upon which the court has
3 not found. In re Resnover, 979 N.E.2d 668, 671 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012). The specific
findings will not be set aside unless they are clearly erroneous, and we will affirm the
general judgment on any legal theory supported by the evidence. Id. A finding is clearly
erroneous when there are no facts or inferences drawn therefrom to support it. Id. In
reviewing the trial court’s findings, we neither reweigh the evidence nor judge the
credibility of the witnesses. Id. Rather, we consider only the evidence and reasonable
inferences drawn therefrom that support the findings. Id.
II. Mechanic’s Lien
Indiana’s mechanic’s lien statute is found at Ind. Code § 32-28-3-1, et seq.
Mechanic’s liens provide a mechanism for contractors who have not been paid to seek
payment from construction project owners by attaching a lien to real estate. See Gill v.
Pollert, 810 N.E.2d 1050, 1058 (Ind. 2004). Mechanic’s liens were unknown at common
law and are purely creatures of statute. Cho v. Purdue Research Foundation, 803 N.E.2d
1161, 1167 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). As a consequence, mechanic’s liens can only exist
when the claimant has complied with the applicable statutory steps. Id. at 1168. The
courts generally have strictly construed the requirements for creating a lien, while
liberally applying the remedial aspects of the mechanic’s lien statutes. Id.
Pursuant to I.C. § 32-28-3-3, a person who wishes to acquire a mechanic’s lien
must file a sworn statement and notice of the person’s intention to hold a lien. In addition
to providing details on the amount claimed and the identities of the claimant, owner, and
land, the filing must occur within certain deadlines. See I.C. § 32-28-3-3(a-c). The time
4 frame relied upon in this case is set forth in I.C. § 32-28-3-3(a), which provides that liens
against property be filed within ninety days of completing the work.
On appeal, Syers contends that JKL’s mechanic’s lien was untimely filed.
Specifically, she asserts that JKL’s notice was filed October 19, 2010 and that ninety
days’ prior to that date is July 21, 2009. Disputing the trial court’s finding that work
stopped on or after July 21, 2009, she maintains that JKL presented equivocal evidence
providing three possible dates when JKL stopped work: (1) a few days after July 11,
2009, (2) before July 17, 2009; or (3) July 20, 2009. As a result, she contends that JKL
failed to make a prima facie case that its mechanic’s lien was timely filed. We disagree.
The trial court concluded that JKL’s mechanic’s lien was timely filed because the
lien was based on work done up until July 21, 2009. Although Syers characterizes
Hopple’s testimony on when worked ceased as inconclusive, there is evidence in the
record to support the trial court’s determination that JKL’s work stopped on July 21,
2009 or thereafter. Specifically, Hopple testified that on the day he received the building
permit, July 20, 2009, JKL was still doing work. He also testified that JKL last did work
“[a] few days after” July 20, 2009 “or a day or two thereafter.” (Tr. p. 8). We may not
ignore evidence favorable to the judgment, nor reweigh the evidence. See Abbey Villas
Dev. Corp., 716 N.E.2d at 97. Syers’ challenge is simply a request for us to do so.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any FILED court except for the purpose of Feb 11 2013, 9:40 am establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case. CLERK of the supreme court, court of appeals and tax court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
STEPHEN P. MURPHY, JR. DAVID M. SHAW Evansville, Indiana Evansville, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
TAMMY SYERS, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 82A05-1205-CC-276 ) JKL CONSTRUCTION & HOME ) MAINTENANCE, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE VANDERBURGH SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Robert J. Tornatta, Judge Cause No. 82D03-1001-CC-66
February 11, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION
RILEY, Judge STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Appellant-Defendant, Tammy Syers (Syers), appeals the trial court’s judgment in
favor of Appellee-Plaintiff, JKL Construction & Home Maintenance (JKL).
We affirm.
ISSUES
Syers raises two issues on appeal, which we restate as:
(1) Whether JKL’s mechanics lien was timely filed; and
(2) Whether JKL’s mechanics lien is void because of an overstated amount.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Syers, a resident of Colorado, owned a three unit rental property in Evansville,
Indiana. All units required repairs, prompting Syers to contact JKL. JKL is a
construction company providing property restoration and repair services. The parties
verbally agreed on the scope of work and JKL estimated a price of $4,500. On May 25,
2009, JKL generated an invoice to memorialize the scope of work and the contract price.
On May 27, 2009, Syers paid JKL $2,250 by credit card. In June 2009, JKL
purchased materials for the work. JKL also retained a subcontractor to perform part of
the services. In July, Syers notified JKL that she was dissatisfied with progress on the
work yet also offered to make another payment. On July 11, 2009, Syers paid JKL
$1,150 by credit card. On July 20, 2009, a building permit was issued for the work.
Syers informed JKL that she disputed the work done and would seek a refund of all credit
card payments to JKL. Thereafter, JKL ceased performing work on Syers’ property. 2 On Monday, October 19, 2009, JKL filed a Notice of Mechanic’s Lien in the
amount of $4,500. On January 6, 2010, JKL filed its Complaint to Foreclose on
Mechanic’s Lien, which was later amended. On January 29, 2010, the trial court received
correspondence from Syers which it deemed to be an Answer denying JKL’s claim.
On April 27, 2012, a bench trial was held. JKL’s president, Sean Hopple
(Hopple), testified that JKL performed work after receiving the building permit and last
performed work on Syers’ property “a few days after” July 20, 2009. (Transcript p. 8).
Following the presentation of evidence, the trial court entered judgment in favor of JKL.
It concluded that JKL performed work as late as July 21, 2009 and had therefore timely
filed its mechanic’s lien. The trial court awarded JKL $2,582.31 for its labor and
materials and $860.77 in attorneys fees. The total amount awarded was $3,443.08 plus
court costs.
Syers now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
I. Standard of Review
Our review of the trial court’s judgment following a bench trial is governed by
Ind. Trial R. 52(A). See Abbey Villas Dev. Corp. v. Site Contractors, Inc., 716 N.E.2d
91, 97 (Ind. Ct. App. 1991), trans. denied. Neither party appears to have requested
special findings; the trial court therefore entered its findings sua sponte. When the trial
court enters findings sua sponte, the specific findings control only as to the issues they
cover, while a general judgment standard applies to any issue upon which the court has
3 not found. In re Resnover, 979 N.E.2d 668, 671 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012). The specific
findings will not be set aside unless they are clearly erroneous, and we will affirm the
general judgment on any legal theory supported by the evidence. Id. A finding is clearly
erroneous when there are no facts or inferences drawn therefrom to support it. Id. In
reviewing the trial court’s findings, we neither reweigh the evidence nor judge the
credibility of the witnesses. Id. Rather, we consider only the evidence and reasonable
inferences drawn therefrom that support the findings. Id.
II. Mechanic’s Lien
Indiana’s mechanic’s lien statute is found at Ind. Code § 32-28-3-1, et seq.
Mechanic’s liens provide a mechanism for contractors who have not been paid to seek
payment from construction project owners by attaching a lien to real estate. See Gill v.
Pollert, 810 N.E.2d 1050, 1058 (Ind. 2004). Mechanic’s liens were unknown at common
law and are purely creatures of statute. Cho v. Purdue Research Foundation, 803 N.E.2d
1161, 1167 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). As a consequence, mechanic’s liens can only exist
when the claimant has complied with the applicable statutory steps. Id. at 1168. The
courts generally have strictly construed the requirements for creating a lien, while
liberally applying the remedial aspects of the mechanic’s lien statutes. Id.
Pursuant to I.C. § 32-28-3-3, a person who wishes to acquire a mechanic’s lien
must file a sworn statement and notice of the person’s intention to hold a lien. In addition
to providing details on the amount claimed and the identities of the claimant, owner, and
land, the filing must occur within certain deadlines. See I.C. § 32-28-3-3(a-c). The time
4 frame relied upon in this case is set forth in I.C. § 32-28-3-3(a), which provides that liens
against property be filed within ninety days of completing the work.
On appeal, Syers contends that JKL’s mechanic’s lien was untimely filed.
Specifically, she asserts that JKL’s notice was filed October 19, 2010 and that ninety
days’ prior to that date is July 21, 2009. Disputing the trial court’s finding that work
stopped on or after July 21, 2009, she maintains that JKL presented equivocal evidence
providing three possible dates when JKL stopped work: (1) a few days after July 11,
2009, (2) before July 17, 2009; or (3) July 20, 2009. As a result, she contends that JKL
failed to make a prima facie case that its mechanic’s lien was timely filed. We disagree.
The trial court concluded that JKL’s mechanic’s lien was timely filed because the
lien was based on work done up until July 21, 2009. Although Syers characterizes
Hopple’s testimony on when worked ceased as inconclusive, there is evidence in the
record to support the trial court’s determination that JKL’s work stopped on July 21,
2009 or thereafter. Specifically, Hopple testified that on the day he received the building
permit, July 20, 2009, JKL was still doing work. He also testified that JKL last did work
“[a] few days after” July 20, 2009 “or a day or two thereafter.” (Tr. p. 8). We may not
ignore evidence favorable to the judgment, nor reweigh the evidence. See Abbey Villas
Dev. Corp., 716 N.E.2d at 97. Syers’ challenge is simply a request for us to do so.
Furthermore, JKL’s mechanic’s lien notice would not fail even if, as suggested by
Syers, its work ceased on July 20, 2009. I.C. § 32-28-3-3(a) specifies that liens against
property be filed within ninety days of completion of the work. As JKL argues, the
5 statute does not specify a manner for computing the ninety day time period. As a result,
“where a statute is silent as to the method of computing time, [Ind.] Trial Rule 6 applies.”
Bright PCS/SBA Communications v. Seely, 753 N.E.2d 757, 758 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001),
reh’g denied. Ind. Trial Rule 6 prescribes the manner of computing time periods “when
acts are required by […] any applicable statute.” T.R. 6(A). The rule excludes the first
day and includes the last day except where the last day falls on a Sunday. See T.R.
6(A)(2).
We conclude that JKL’s notice was valid because it was filed ninety days after
completion of the work. The trial court took judicial notice that October 19, 2009 was a
Monday. If JKL completed work on July 20, 2009, ninety days thereafter would fall on
Sunday, October 18, 2009. Pursuant to T.R. 6(A)(2), filing would be due on the
following day. We therefore reject Syers’ claim that JKL’s mechanic’s lien was untimely
filed.
III. Overstated Lien
Syers also contends that JKL’s mechanic’s lien is void because it overstated the
amount due. An overstatement of the amount of the lien renders the lien void where the
lien holder acts intentionally or with culpable negligence. See Abbey Villas Dev. Corp.,
716 N.E.2d at 100-101. However, “a mere mistake in the statement will not necessarily
render the whole lien void when it is evident that no fraud is intended, and where it has
not misled the defendant owner to his prejudice in making his defense.” Id.
6 Here, JKL’s lien overstated the amount established by the trial court. However,
Syers has not shown fraud or how she was misled to her prejudice. Although JKL’s
notice was for the full contract amount, its right to that amount depended upon what it
could establish at trial. Hopple testified that he incurred approximately $2,200 in
subcontractor and materials costs, but provided value in excess of the $3,300 paid by
Syers. The trial court determined that “an appropriate amount for labor materials, and
reasonable profit and permits was $2,582.31 to which it added attorneys fees of $860.77
for a total award of $3,443.08. (Appellee’s Br. p. 12). Syers, apart from asserting at trial
that “it’s not clear exactly what the lien in this case should be,” has not demonstrated how
she was misled or prejudiced by the overstatement. (Tr. p. 35). We therefore conclude
that JKL’s lien is not void for overstating the amount proven at trial.
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court properly determined that
JKL’s mechanic’s lien was timely filed. We also conclude that the lien is not void
because of an overstatement in amount and therefore affirm the trial court’s judgment in
favor of JKL.
Affirmed.
BAKER, J. and BARNES, J. concur