This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A15-1941
Ta-Raj Tondell Satari Benness, petitioner, Appellant,
vs.
State of Minnesota, Respondent.
Filed June 27, 2016 Affirmed Kalitowski, Judge
Hennepin County District Court File No. 27-CR-05-007366
Beau D. McGraw, McGraw Law Firm, P.A., Lake Elmo, Minnesota (for appellant)
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Michael O. Freeman, Hennepin County Attorney, Brittany D. Lawonn, Assistant County Attorney, Hannah J. Prokopowicz (certified student attorney), Minneapolis, Minnesota (for respondent)
Considered and decided by Bjorkman, Presiding Judge; Peterson, Judge; and
Kalitowski, Judge.
Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
KALITOWSKI, Judge
On appeal from denial of his postconviction petition, appellant Ta-Raj Tondell
Satari Benness argues the district court abused its discretion in dismissing his petition as
time-barred. We affirm.
DECISION
In 2005, Ta-Raj Benness pleaded guilty to second-degree murder in the Hennepin
County shooting death of Michael Harmon. Benness challenged his 306-month sentence
on direct appeal to this court, which affirmed the sentence. State v. Benness, No.
A05-2367, 2007 WL 1322156 (Minn. App. May 8, 2007), review denied (Minn. July 17,
2007). The Minnesota Supreme Court denied his petition for further review of his sentence
in July 2007.
In 2015, Benness filed a petition for postconviction relief in the district court
seeking to withdraw his guilty plea. Benness’s postconviction petition was accompanied
by his affidavit, dated January 13, 2015, which states that he had “just become aware of
the injustice in [his] case” in that he “realized that [he] entered into [a] plea agreement
without . . . understanding the legal options available to [him].” Specifically, his affidavit
stated that he now understands and believes that he “could have made a viable case for
self-defense at trial.” Benness asserts that he would not have pleaded guilty if he had
“known [he] could have gone to trial and presented a self-defense claim.”
The district court denied Benness’s petition without a hearing, concluding the
petition was time-barred and did not meet any of the exceptions to the general two-year
2 time bar established by Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 1 (2014). On appeal, Benness argues
that his claim meets the interests-of-justice exception to the general two-year time bar for
postconviction relief under Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 4(b)(5) (2014). He asserts that he
must be allowed to withdraw his guilty plea in order to “correct a manifest injustice,”
pursuant to Minn. R. Crim. P. 15.05, subd. 1.
Minnesota appellate courts “review a denial of a petition for postconviction relief,
as well as a request for an evidentiary hearing, for an abuse of discretion.” Riley v. State,
819 N.W.2d 162, 167 (Minn. 2012). “A postconviction court abuses its discretion when
its decision is based on an erroneous view of the law or is against logic and the facts in the
record.” Id. (quotation omitted). We review factual determinations for clear error and
legal conclusions de novo. Id.
A convicted person may seek postconviction relief if “the conviction obtained or
the sentence or other disposition made violated the person’s rights under the Constitution
or laws of the United States or of the state.” Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 1. But “[n]o
petition for postconviction relief may be filed more than two years after . . . an appellate
court’s disposition of petitioner’s direct appeal.” Id., subd. 4(a)(2) (2014).
Notwithstanding that two-year time limit, “a court may hear a petition for postconviction
relief if” certain exceptions are met. Id., subd. 4(b). Among those exceptions is that “the
petitioner establishes to the satisfaction of the court that the petition is not frivolous and is
in the interests of justice.” Id., subd. 4(b)(5) (emphasis added). A petitioner for
postconviction relief is not entitled to a hearing if “the petition and the files and records of
the proceeding conclusively show that the petitioner is entitled to no relief.” Minn. Stat.
3 § 590.04, subd. 1 (2014); see Opsahl v. State, 677 N.W.2d 414, 423 (Minn. 2004) (holding
that, in order to prevail on a request for a hearing, a petitioner must “allege facts that, if
proven, would entitle him [or her] to the requested relief”).
Benness does not challenge the district court’s conclusion that his conviction
became final 90 days after the Minnesota Supreme Court denied his petition for further
review in 2007. See Berkovitz v. State, 826 N.W.2d 203, 207 (Minn. 2013). As the district
court correctly reasoned, the statute of limitations for filing a postconviction petition in this
case began to run in 2007, and the two-year rule became effective to generally bar
postconviction relief in 2009. See Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 4(a)(2); Berkovitz, 826
N.W.2d at 207.
But Benness argues that his claim qualifies for an exception to the general time bar
because his “petition is not frivolous and is in the interests of justice.” Minn. Stat. § 590.01,
subd. 4(b)(5). The interests-of-justice exception to the general time bar for postconviction
relief is only applied in “exceptional situations.” Gassler v. State, 787 N.W.2d 575, 586
(Minn. 2010). The Minnesota Supreme Court has identified a nonexhaustive list of factors
that we may consider in assessing the applicability of the interests-of-justice exception,
which includes whether “a claim [has] substantive merit” and whether there appears to
have been “some fundamental unfairness to the defendant.” Id. at 586-87. Here, we
conclude that Benness’s claim has no substantive merit and the record reflects no
fundamental unfairness.
Benness argues that he is entitled to relief under Minn. R. Crim. P. 15.05, subd. 1,
which provides: “At any time the court must allow a defendant to withdraw a guilty plea
4 upon a timely motion and proof to the satisfaction of the court that withdrawal is necessary
to correct a manifest injustice.” “A manifest injustice exists if a guilty plea is not valid.”
State v. Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d 90, 94 (Minn. 2010); see State v. Townsend, 872 N.W.2d
758, 761 (Minn. App. 2015). “To be constitutionally valid, a guilty plea must be accurate,
voluntary, and intelligent.” Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d at 94; see State v. Klug, 839 N.W.2d 723,
727 (Minn. App. 2013).
Benness does not argue that his plea was inaccurate, involuntary, or unintelligent.
Rather, he argues that he did not understand that he could have made a self-defense claim
if he had gone trial. But the transcript of the plea hearing shows that Benness’s waiver of
trial rights was thorough, and that the pre-plea possibility of a self-defense claim was
specifically addressed:
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A15-1941
Ta-Raj Tondell Satari Benness, petitioner, Appellant,
vs.
State of Minnesota, Respondent.
Filed June 27, 2016 Affirmed Kalitowski, Judge
Hennepin County District Court File No. 27-CR-05-007366
Beau D. McGraw, McGraw Law Firm, P.A., Lake Elmo, Minnesota (for appellant)
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Michael O. Freeman, Hennepin County Attorney, Brittany D. Lawonn, Assistant County Attorney, Hannah J. Prokopowicz (certified student attorney), Minneapolis, Minnesota (for respondent)
Considered and decided by Bjorkman, Presiding Judge; Peterson, Judge; and
Kalitowski, Judge.
Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
KALITOWSKI, Judge
On appeal from denial of his postconviction petition, appellant Ta-Raj Tondell
Satari Benness argues the district court abused its discretion in dismissing his petition as
time-barred. We affirm.
DECISION
In 2005, Ta-Raj Benness pleaded guilty to second-degree murder in the Hennepin
County shooting death of Michael Harmon. Benness challenged his 306-month sentence
on direct appeal to this court, which affirmed the sentence. State v. Benness, No.
A05-2367, 2007 WL 1322156 (Minn. App. May 8, 2007), review denied (Minn. July 17,
2007). The Minnesota Supreme Court denied his petition for further review of his sentence
in July 2007.
In 2015, Benness filed a petition for postconviction relief in the district court
seeking to withdraw his guilty plea. Benness’s postconviction petition was accompanied
by his affidavit, dated January 13, 2015, which states that he had “just become aware of
the injustice in [his] case” in that he “realized that [he] entered into [a] plea agreement
without . . . understanding the legal options available to [him].” Specifically, his affidavit
stated that he now understands and believes that he “could have made a viable case for
self-defense at trial.” Benness asserts that he would not have pleaded guilty if he had
“known [he] could have gone to trial and presented a self-defense claim.”
The district court denied Benness’s petition without a hearing, concluding the
petition was time-barred and did not meet any of the exceptions to the general two-year
2 time bar established by Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 1 (2014). On appeal, Benness argues
that his claim meets the interests-of-justice exception to the general two-year time bar for
postconviction relief under Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 4(b)(5) (2014). He asserts that he
must be allowed to withdraw his guilty plea in order to “correct a manifest injustice,”
pursuant to Minn. R. Crim. P. 15.05, subd. 1.
Minnesota appellate courts “review a denial of a petition for postconviction relief,
as well as a request for an evidentiary hearing, for an abuse of discretion.” Riley v. State,
819 N.W.2d 162, 167 (Minn. 2012). “A postconviction court abuses its discretion when
its decision is based on an erroneous view of the law or is against logic and the facts in the
record.” Id. (quotation omitted). We review factual determinations for clear error and
legal conclusions de novo. Id.
A convicted person may seek postconviction relief if “the conviction obtained or
the sentence or other disposition made violated the person’s rights under the Constitution
or laws of the United States or of the state.” Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 1. But “[n]o
petition for postconviction relief may be filed more than two years after . . . an appellate
court’s disposition of petitioner’s direct appeal.” Id., subd. 4(a)(2) (2014).
Notwithstanding that two-year time limit, “a court may hear a petition for postconviction
relief if” certain exceptions are met. Id., subd. 4(b). Among those exceptions is that “the
petitioner establishes to the satisfaction of the court that the petition is not frivolous and is
in the interests of justice.” Id., subd. 4(b)(5) (emphasis added). A petitioner for
postconviction relief is not entitled to a hearing if “the petition and the files and records of
the proceeding conclusively show that the petitioner is entitled to no relief.” Minn. Stat.
3 § 590.04, subd. 1 (2014); see Opsahl v. State, 677 N.W.2d 414, 423 (Minn. 2004) (holding
that, in order to prevail on a request for a hearing, a petitioner must “allege facts that, if
proven, would entitle him [or her] to the requested relief”).
Benness does not challenge the district court’s conclusion that his conviction
became final 90 days after the Minnesota Supreme Court denied his petition for further
review in 2007. See Berkovitz v. State, 826 N.W.2d 203, 207 (Minn. 2013). As the district
court correctly reasoned, the statute of limitations for filing a postconviction petition in this
case began to run in 2007, and the two-year rule became effective to generally bar
postconviction relief in 2009. See Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 4(a)(2); Berkovitz, 826
N.W.2d at 207.
But Benness argues that his claim qualifies for an exception to the general time bar
because his “petition is not frivolous and is in the interests of justice.” Minn. Stat. § 590.01,
subd. 4(b)(5). The interests-of-justice exception to the general time bar for postconviction
relief is only applied in “exceptional situations.” Gassler v. State, 787 N.W.2d 575, 586
(Minn. 2010). The Minnesota Supreme Court has identified a nonexhaustive list of factors
that we may consider in assessing the applicability of the interests-of-justice exception,
which includes whether “a claim [has] substantive merit” and whether there appears to
have been “some fundamental unfairness to the defendant.” Id. at 586-87. Here, we
conclude that Benness’s claim has no substantive merit and the record reflects no
fundamental unfairness.
Benness argues that he is entitled to relief under Minn. R. Crim. P. 15.05, subd. 1,
which provides: “At any time the court must allow a defendant to withdraw a guilty plea
4 upon a timely motion and proof to the satisfaction of the court that withdrawal is necessary
to correct a manifest injustice.” “A manifest injustice exists if a guilty plea is not valid.”
State v. Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d 90, 94 (Minn. 2010); see State v. Townsend, 872 N.W.2d
758, 761 (Minn. App. 2015). “To be constitutionally valid, a guilty plea must be accurate,
voluntary, and intelligent.” Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d at 94; see State v. Klug, 839 N.W.2d 723,
727 (Minn. App. 2013).
Benness does not argue that his plea was inaccurate, involuntary, or unintelligent.
Rather, he argues that he did not understand that he could have made a self-defense claim
if he had gone trial. But the transcript of the plea hearing shows that Benness’s waiver of
trial rights was thorough, and that the pre-plea possibility of a self-defense claim was
specifically addressed:
DEFENSE COUNSEL: We had a lot of discussions about the defense of self-defense, is that correct? BENNESS: Yes. DEFENSE COUNSEL: And we talked about the pros and cons of presenting that defense, is that accurate? BENNESS: Yes. DEFENSE COUNSEL: And do you agree with the court that you are not going to present a defense of self-defense, or are you telling the court that? BENNESS: Yes. DEFENSE COUNSEL: Have you had enough time to discuss that decision with me? BENNESS: Yes.
Benness’s counsel also thoroughly vetted the facts that might have supported a
self-defense claim—such as provocative conduct by the victim and Benness’s state of
mind—throughout the four-day sentencing hearing. Additionally, Benness’s motion for a
5 downward sentencing departure included sections entitled “Victim Aggression” and
“Imperfect Self-Defense.”
Benness’s claim of manifest injustice is not supported by the record or the law, and
thus, the interests-of-justice exception to the two-year time bar does not apply. The district
court correctly applied the law to facts that are supported by the record and acted within its
discretion in denying Benness’s motion.
Finally, Benness’s claim is barred by State v. Knaffla, 309 Minn. 246, 243 N.W.2d
737 (1976). “The Knaffla rule provides that when a petition for postconviction relief
follows a direct appeal of a conviction, all claims raised in the direct appeal and all claims
of which the defendant knew or should have known at the time of the direct appeal are
procedurally barred.” Hooper v. State, 838 N.W.2d 775, 787 (Minn. 2013) (quotation
omitted). Benness’s petition for postconviction relief contains nothing that he did not know
or have reason to know at the time of his direct appeal.
Affirmed.