Szoke v. Carter

165 F.R.D. 34, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 2217, 1996 WL 84582
CourtDistrict Court, S.D. New York
DecidedFebruary 21, 1996
DocketNo. 95 CY 1231
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 165 F.R.D. 34 (Szoke v. Carter) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, S.D. New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Szoke v. Carter, 165 F.R.D. 34, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 2217, 1996 WL 84582 (S.D.N.Y. 1996).

Opinion

PARKER, District Judge.

This action for the deprivation of Plaintiffs first amendment and property rights under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 is before the Court on Defendants’ motion to dismiss plaintiffs third, fourth and fifth counts for failure to state a claim pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). For the reasons stated below, Defendants’ motion is granted in part and denied in part.

Background

From February 1989 to August of 1991, plaintiff was employed by the County of Westchester as a senior lab technician in the Department of Pathology of the Westchester County Medical Center. In August of 1991, defendant Marilyn Corbett was first appointed as plaintiffs supervisor. Soon thereafter, Szoke began to express to Corbett her opinion that: there was systematic negligent failure of laboratory personnel to properly handle specimens, that specimens were being improperly discarded without proper record keeping, that PAP smear slides from several New York City agencies were being routinely received unlabeled, that by reason of improper handling of specimens, erroneous diagnoses were being given, that the working conditions in the “cytopreparatory area” of the laboratory were dangerous to health and safety, that laboratory staff and Corbett routinely violated and/or disregarded elementary safety requirements.

[36]*36Apparently, Corbett’s only reaction to Szoke’s comments was her suggestion that Szoke resign. Szoke refused. Shortly thereafter, on December 20, 1991, Szoke expressed these same concerns to Dr. Myran Melamed, Chairman of the Department of Pathology. Melamed did not react. On January 30, 1992, Szoke again expressed these concerns to Stuart Newman, Chairman of the Biosafety Committee at the Westchester County Medical Center. Newman did not react. During the period from March to July of 1992, Szoke continuously repeated to Corbett some of the comments discussed above. Again, Corbett only reacted by chastising Szoke.

According to the complaint, defendants Corbett, Commissioner Carter and Assistant Personnel Director Jeffrey Sweet entered into a plan to prefer disciplinary charges against Szoke and ultimately have her fired in retaliation for her whistleblowing. The complaint alleges that the Medical Center had a long standing policy of retaliation against whistleblowers.

On June 16, 1992, Sweet prepared and Carter signed the first of two sets of disciplinary charges, accusing Szoke of insubordination. Carter then suspended Szoke without pay for thirty days. Sweet selected defendant Herbert Morris to be hearing officer. Morris, according to the complaint, had always determined guilty anyone charged in a disciplinary hearing. Moreover, the complaint alleges that Morris understood that Corbett, Carter and Sweet intended to terminate Szoke’s employment. At the hearing, Corbett allegedly perjured herself.

On September 2, 1992, Szoke again expressed her concerns to Corbett regarding the unhealthful practices at the laboratory. On September 15, 1992, Szoke wrote to Carter, requesting that she be transferred to a different work site. In that letter, she reiterated her concerns about the safety of the laboratory and emphasized that the disciplinary charges were retaliatory and proximately the result of her having reported dangerous and unsafe conditions in the laboratory. Carter did not grant plaintiffs request.

On October 28, 1992, Sweet drafted and Carter signed a second set of charges against Szoke, again alleging insubordination. Morris then issued his report with respect to the first set of disciplinary charges, in which he found Szoke not credible. Soon after, Morris issued a second report, in which he found plaintiff not be credible, and then recommended that Szoke be fired. On January 15, 1993, Sweet drafted and Carter signed a letter terminating Szoke’s employment.

Szoke makes five claims for relief, all under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleging that Defendants conduct: (1) violated her first amendment right to express herself on matters of public concern; (2) violated her first amendment right to petition the government for the redress of grievances regarding health and public welfare; (3) deprived her of due process rights by imposing a thirty day payless suspension in the absence of a pre-deprivation hearing; and (4) violated her due process rights in appointing the same hearing officer to preside over two disciplinary proceedings; and (5) deprived her of a her property interest in her job without due process. Before the Court is Defendants’ motion to dismiss plaintiff’s third, fourth and fifth claims pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6).

Discussion

A. Legal Standard

A complaint must be dismissed under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) only if “it appears beyond a reasonable doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in .support of his claim that would entitle him to relief.” Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46, 78 S.Ct. 99, 102, 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957); see also Easton v. Sundram, 947 F.2d 1011, 1014 (2d Cir.1991), cert. denied, 504 U.S. 911, 112 S.Ct. 1943, 118 L.Ed.2d 548 (1992). In addition, in deciding a motion to dismiss, the court must read the facts alleged in the complaint “generously” drawing all reasonable inferences in favor of the party opposing the motion. Cosmas v. Hassett, 886 F.2d 8, 11 (2d Cir.1989). The trial court’s role is to appraise the legal merits of the complaint and not to weigh the evidence which might be introduced at trial. See Ricciuti v. New York City Transit Authority, 941 F.2d 119, 124 (2d Cir.1991) [37]*37(plaintiff is not compelled to prove her case at the pleading stage). The issue “is not whether a plaintiff will ultimately prevail but whether the claimant is entitled to offer evidence to support the claims.” Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236, 94 S.Ct. 1683, 1686, 40 L.Ed.2d 90 (1974). Finally, the trial court should grant a Rule 12(b)(6) motion “only if is clear that no relief could be granted under any set of facts that could be proved consistent with the allegations.” Hishon v. King & Spalding, 467 U.S. 69, 73, 104 S.Ct. 2229, 2232, 81 L.Ed.2d 59 (1984) (citing Conley, 355 U.S. at 45-46, 78 S.Ct. at 101-02).

B; Due Process

Plaintiff alleges that the disciplinary proceedings instituted against her by Defendants violated her due process rights. This attack on the Board’s action has three prongs.

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Bluebook (online)
165 F.R.D. 34, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 2217, 1996 WL 84582, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/szoke-v-carter-nysd-1996.