Swan v. Wheeler

Supreme Court of Connecticut

Swan v. Wheeler

4 Day 137

CourtSupreme Court of Connecticut

DecidedJune 15, 1810

StatusPublished

Cited by13 cases

This text of 4 Day 137 (Swan v. Wheeler) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Connecticut primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

Swan v. Wheeler, 4 Day 137 (Colo. 1810).

Pincite

Opinion

Baldwin, J.

That this judgment is extremely in* Formijl is obvious. No answer is given to the question of law put to the court, on the sufficiency of the reasons For the appeal; and no ground whatever is assigned as a basis for the judgment. How far the mere mistake of a clerk in point of form only would affect a judgment on the merits in other respects correct, it is not necessary now to decide. Such a case is not before us; for it is evident, that the effect of this judgment extends much further than the record will warrant. By the judgment of the superior court, the judgment of the court of probate is disaffirmed to the extent of the whole subject matter of this appeal; and yet no reasons are assigned, nor does any cause .appear, to show that the judgment of that court, so far as respects the appointment of commissioners, and the acceptance of their report, was not correct. And so long as this judgment of the superior court remains in force, those degrees are of no effect. This mistake cannot be considered a mistake in form merely, but is a matter of substance. I am therefore of opinion, that there is manifest error in this record, and that the judgment of the superior court ought to be reversed.

I might stop here ; but as counsel have been fully heard on the reasons assigned for the appeal, and the cause may be remanded, I think it is proper that the court should declare the law on the merits of the case.

Administrators are by law made the agents for the settlement of intestate estates; they are bound to a faithful performance of their duty; are obliged to discharge the debts, and have a lien on the real estate to [140]*140aid them.' It would be unreasonable to hold them thii3 houndy,ahd,tQ<. permit a stranger,; over whom they have no control, and whom the court of probate cannot le-gaily bintfy to interfere with, or control their funds. In J£ngland,’the administrator has no lien on the real estate; and though the' chancellor may' there order it sold for the benefit of the creditors, and distribute the avails without the aid of the administrator; yet, in this state, the coürt of probate has no such power. The administrator alone fcáh distribute the avails, and is responsible for them. The expression in the statute authorizing the judge to order the sale of real estate for the payment of debts “ in such manner as shall appear to him to be most for the benefit of such estates,1”

(a) which is relied on as giving the power claimed, evidently relates merely to public or private sales ; and is also used in a statute of an earlier date,(b) on the same subject, where the sales are expressly confined to administrators. The latter statute extends the object of the sales, but does not enlarge the power, or alter the mode. I am of Opinion, that the court of probate had no power to appoint any other person than the administrator to sell the estate ; of course, the expenses of the sales by a stranger cannot be allowed.

Another reason assigned is, the allowance of the administration account in gross, without items. On this I would observe, that all accounts allowed by the courts of probate ought to he such that persons interested may examine the propriety of them. They have a right to an appeal, if illegal allowances are made. The allowance of such a sum in gross, without items or explanation, precludes such examination, and is, in my opinion, improper. I am therefore of opinion, that all and each of the reasons for the appeal are sufficient. ‘

A reversal of this judgment is also claimed on the ground, that it is not averred in the proceedings before the superior court, that the appellant was a party interested. It is undoubtedly necessary that such interest [141]*141should appear on the record. This does so appear; and, I conceive, in the proper place, that is, in the motion before the court of probate for the appeal. It is there expressly stated, that the appellant is the heir at law of the intestate. A transcript of that record is the ground of proceedings in the superior court, and is a necessarypartof the retard before us. I can perceive no necessity or use in a new averment of that fact.

On the whole, I am of opinion that this judgment ought to be reversed, because it is too extensive; although I am also of opinion that judgment ought to have been rendered in favour of the appellant on all the points controverted between the parties.

The other judges severally concurred in this opinion.

Judgment reversed.

Stat. Conn. tit. 60. c. 1. s. 22.,

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Baldwin, J.

That this judgment is extremely in* Formijl is obvious. No answer is given to the question of law put to the court, on the sufficiency of the reasons For the appeal; and no ground whatever is assigned as a basis for the judgment. How far the mere mistake of a clerk in point of form only would affect a judgment on the merits in other respects correct, it is not necessary now to decide. Such a case is not before us; for it is evident, that the effect of this judgment extends much further than the record will warrant. By the judgment of the superior court, the judgment of the court of probate is disaffirmed to the extent of the whole subject matter of this appeal; and yet no reasons are assigned, nor does any cause .appear, to show that the judgment of that court, so far as respects the appointment of commissioners, and the acceptance of their report, was not correct. And so long as this judgment of the superior court remains in force, those degrees are of no effect. This mistake cannot be considered a mistake in form merely, but is a matter of substance. I am therefore of opinion, that there is manifest error in this record, and that the judgment of the superior court ought to be reversed.

I might stop here ; but as counsel have been fully heard on the reasons assigned for the appeal, and the cause may be remanded, I think it is proper that the court should declare the law on the merits of the case.

Administrators are by law made the agents for the settlement of intestate estates; they are bound to a faithful performance of their duty; are obliged to discharge the debts, and have a lien on the real estate to [140]*140aid them.' It would be unreasonable to hold them thii3 houndy,ahd,tQ<. permit a stranger,; over whom they have no control, and whom the court of probate cannot le-gaily bintfy to interfere with, or control their funds. In J£ngland,’the administrator has no lien on the real estate; and though the' chancellor may' there order it sold for the benefit of the creditors, and distribute the avails without the aid of the administrator; yet, in this state, the coürt of probate has no such power. The administrator alone fcáh distribute the avails, and is responsible for them. The expression in the statute authorizing the judge to order the sale of real estate for the payment of debts “ in such manner as shall appear to him to be most for the benefit of such estates,1”

(a) which is relied on as giving the power claimed, evidently relates merely to public or private sales ; and is also used in a statute of an earlier date,(b) on the same subject, where the sales are expressly confined to administrators. The latter statute extends the object of the sales, but does not enlarge the power, or alter the mode. I am of Opinion, that the court of probate had no power to appoint any other person than the administrator to sell the estate ; of course, the expenses of the sales by a stranger cannot be allowed.

Another reason assigned is, the allowance of the administration account in gross, without items. On this I would observe, that all accounts allowed by the courts of probate ought to he such that persons interested may examine the propriety of them. They have a right to an appeal, if illegal allowances are made. The allowance of such a sum in gross, without items or explanation, precludes such examination, and is, in my opinion, improper. I am therefore of opinion, that all and each of the reasons for the appeal are sufficient. ‘

A reversal of this judgment is also claimed on the ground, that it is not averred in the proceedings before the superior court, that the appellant was a party interested. It is undoubtedly necessary that such interest [141]*141should appear on the record. This does so appear; and, I conceive, in the proper place, that is, in the motion before the court of probate for the appeal. It is there expressly stated, that the appellant is the heir at law of the intestate. A transcript of that record is the ground of proceedings in the superior court, and is a necessarypartof the retard before us. I can perceive no necessity or use in a new averment of that fact.

On the whole, I am of opinion that this judgment ought to be reversed, because it is too extensive; although I am also of opinion that judgment ought to have been rendered in favour of the appellant on all the points controverted between the parties.

The other judges severally concurred in this opinion.

Judgment reversed.

Stat. Conn. tit. 60. c. 1. s. 22.,

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4 Day 137, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/swan-v-wheeler-conn-1810.

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