NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ___________
No. 16-3881 ___________
SUZIE LYNN MILLER, Appellant
v.
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY ____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (D.C. Civil Action No. 2:15-cv-00815) District Judge: Honorable Alan N. Bloch ____________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) July 11, 2017 Before: GREENAWAY, JR., VANASKIE and ROTH, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed December 26, 2017) ___________
OPINION* ___________
PER CURIAM
Suzie Lynn Miller appeals, pro se and in forma pauperis, the District Court’s order
denying her motion for summary judgment, granting the Commissioner of the Social
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. Security Administration’s motion for summary judgment, and affirming the Acting
Commissioner of the Social Security Administration’s finding that she was not disabled
within the meaning of the Social Security Act. We will affirm.
Miller applied for supplemental security income in November 2012. Miller
claimed that she had been disabled since February 20, 2007, due to epilepsy, neck and
shoulder injuries, partial loss of her right arm, a lower back injury, and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease. She was represented by counsel at the agency level. Her
application was denied at the initial level of administrative review. After a hearing, an
Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) issued a written decision finding Miller not disabled.
The Appeals Council denied Miller’s request for review.
Miller then filed a pro se complaint in federal district court against the Acting
Commissioner of the Social Security Administration, arguing that the ALJ erred in his
decision. Both parties moved for summary judgment. The District Court determined that
the ALJ’s decision was supported by substantial evidence and accordingly denied
Miller’s motion for summary judgment and granted the Commissioner’s motion for
summary judgment. Miller timely appealed.1
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. “Although our review of the
District Court’s order for summary judgment is plenary, ‘our review of the ALJ’s
decision is more deferential as we determine whether there is substantial evidence to
support the decision of the Commissioner.’ ” Fargnoli v. Massanari, 247 F.3d 34, 38 (3d
1 This Court previously denied Miller’s request for appointment of counsel on appeal. See Miller v. Comm’r Soc. Sec., C.A. 16-3881, Order entered 12/27/16. 2 Cir. 2001) (quoting Knepp v. Apfel, 204 F.3d 78, 83 (3d Cir. 2000)). Substantial
evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate” to
support a conclusion, and “more than a mere scintilla.” Plummer v. Apfel, 186 F.3d 422,
427 (3d Cir. 1999). If the ALJ’s factual findings are supported by substantial evidence
we are bound by those findings, even if we would have decided the factual inquiry
differently. Fargnoli, 247 F.3d at 38.
To determine whether a social-security claimant is disabled, an ALJ must
consider, in sequence, whether the claimant: (1) is working, (2) has a severe impairment,
(3) has an impairment that meets or medically equals the severity of a listed impairment,
(4) can return to her past relevant work, and (5) if not, whether she can perform other
work in the national economy. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4).
Here, the ALJ determined that (1) Miller had not worked since her application
date; (2) Miller’s impairments were severe within the meaning of the regulations, but (3)
did not meet or medically equal the criteria of any of the presumptively disabling listed
impairments; (4) Miller had no relevant past work but retained the residual function
capacity (RFC) to perform the same range of light work posed in a hypothetical question
to a vocational expert (VE) at the hearing; and (5) Miller could perform a significant
number of jobs in the national economy based on her age, education, RFC, and the
vocational expert’s testimony. Thus, the ALJ concluded that Miller was not disabled
within the meaning of the Social Security Act.
Miller first asserts that these findings – specifically on the second and third factors
– are unwarranted because the ALJ did not consider her entire medical history going back
3 to 1984, which included treatment with some 23 medical providers that the ALJ did not
mention in his decision. A social security claimant’s “complete medical history”
includes medical records covering at least the 12 months preceding the month in which
the application was filed. 20 C.F.R. § 416.912(b)(1)(ii). If an application is filed in or
after the month in which the applicant alleges they meet the requirements for eligibility,
benefits are only payable as of the month after the application is filed; so, benefits will
not be paid for the month in which the application is filed, nor for any previous months.
20 C.F.R. § 416.335.
Here, the ALJ properly considered the previous 12 months of Miller’s medical
records, as well as medical recordings dating back to 2009. Miller asserted that her
disability began in 2007, but the ALJ was not obligated to consider medical records
dating back that far where disability benefits would not be paid for that time. See id.
And in any case, Miller’s description of her entire medical history on appeal has no
bearing on the ALJ’s initial determination. See Matthews v. Apfel, 239 F.3d 589, 594
(3d Cir. 2001) (“evidence that was not before the ALJ cannot be used to argue that the
ALJ’s decision was not supported by substantial evidence”).
Miller next asserts that the ALJ erroneously relied on the VE’s testimony in
determining her RFC and ability to work. The VE was asked a series of hypothetical
questions about employment possibilities, after assuming a person of Miller’s age,
education, and work background, who could perform some light lifting, stand and walk
for four hours and sit for six hours out of an eight-hour day, and otherwise not be exposed
to hazards, dust, fumes, or prolonged pushing, pulling, or lifting. The VE testified that
4 such a person could find a significant number of jobs in the national economy. Miller’s
attorney stipulated to the VE’s qualifications.
The ALJ properly relied on this testimony in making its determination. See 20
C.F.R. § 416.966(e). Miller’s assertion that the VE’s testimony was flawed for not
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ___________
No. 16-3881 ___________
SUZIE LYNN MILLER, Appellant
v.
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY ____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (D.C. Civil Action No. 2:15-cv-00815) District Judge: Honorable Alan N. Bloch ____________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) July 11, 2017 Before: GREENAWAY, JR., VANASKIE and ROTH, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed December 26, 2017) ___________
OPINION* ___________
PER CURIAM
Suzie Lynn Miller appeals, pro se and in forma pauperis, the District Court’s order
denying her motion for summary judgment, granting the Commissioner of the Social
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. Security Administration’s motion for summary judgment, and affirming the Acting
Commissioner of the Social Security Administration’s finding that she was not disabled
within the meaning of the Social Security Act. We will affirm.
Miller applied for supplemental security income in November 2012. Miller
claimed that she had been disabled since February 20, 2007, due to epilepsy, neck and
shoulder injuries, partial loss of her right arm, a lower back injury, and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease. She was represented by counsel at the agency level. Her
application was denied at the initial level of administrative review. After a hearing, an
Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) issued a written decision finding Miller not disabled.
The Appeals Council denied Miller’s request for review.
Miller then filed a pro se complaint in federal district court against the Acting
Commissioner of the Social Security Administration, arguing that the ALJ erred in his
decision. Both parties moved for summary judgment. The District Court determined that
the ALJ’s decision was supported by substantial evidence and accordingly denied
Miller’s motion for summary judgment and granted the Commissioner’s motion for
summary judgment. Miller timely appealed.1
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. “Although our review of the
District Court’s order for summary judgment is plenary, ‘our review of the ALJ’s
decision is more deferential as we determine whether there is substantial evidence to
support the decision of the Commissioner.’ ” Fargnoli v. Massanari, 247 F.3d 34, 38 (3d
1 This Court previously denied Miller’s request for appointment of counsel on appeal. See Miller v. Comm’r Soc. Sec., C.A. 16-3881, Order entered 12/27/16. 2 Cir. 2001) (quoting Knepp v. Apfel, 204 F.3d 78, 83 (3d Cir. 2000)). Substantial
evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate” to
support a conclusion, and “more than a mere scintilla.” Plummer v. Apfel, 186 F.3d 422,
427 (3d Cir. 1999). If the ALJ’s factual findings are supported by substantial evidence
we are bound by those findings, even if we would have decided the factual inquiry
differently. Fargnoli, 247 F.3d at 38.
To determine whether a social-security claimant is disabled, an ALJ must
consider, in sequence, whether the claimant: (1) is working, (2) has a severe impairment,
(3) has an impairment that meets or medically equals the severity of a listed impairment,
(4) can return to her past relevant work, and (5) if not, whether she can perform other
work in the national economy. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4).
Here, the ALJ determined that (1) Miller had not worked since her application
date; (2) Miller’s impairments were severe within the meaning of the regulations, but (3)
did not meet or medically equal the criteria of any of the presumptively disabling listed
impairments; (4) Miller had no relevant past work but retained the residual function
capacity (RFC) to perform the same range of light work posed in a hypothetical question
to a vocational expert (VE) at the hearing; and (5) Miller could perform a significant
number of jobs in the national economy based on her age, education, RFC, and the
vocational expert’s testimony. Thus, the ALJ concluded that Miller was not disabled
within the meaning of the Social Security Act.
Miller first asserts that these findings – specifically on the second and third factors
– are unwarranted because the ALJ did not consider her entire medical history going back
3 to 1984, which included treatment with some 23 medical providers that the ALJ did not
mention in his decision. A social security claimant’s “complete medical history”
includes medical records covering at least the 12 months preceding the month in which
the application was filed. 20 C.F.R. § 416.912(b)(1)(ii). If an application is filed in or
after the month in which the applicant alleges they meet the requirements for eligibility,
benefits are only payable as of the month after the application is filed; so, benefits will
not be paid for the month in which the application is filed, nor for any previous months.
20 C.F.R. § 416.335.
Here, the ALJ properly considered the previous 12 months of Miller’s medical
records, as well as medical recordings dating back to 2009. Miller asserted that her
disability began in 2007, but the ALJ was not obligated to consider medical records
dating back that far where disability benefits would not be paid for that time. See id.
And in any case, Miller’s description of her entire medical history on appeal has no
bearing on the ALJ’s initial determination. See Matthews v. Apfel, 239 F.3d 589, 594
(3d Cir. 2001) (“evidence that was not before the ALJ cannot be used to argue that the
ALJ’s decision was not supported by substantial evidence”).
Miller next asserts that the ALJ erroneously relied on the VE’s testimony in
determining her RFC and ability to work. The VE was asked a series of hypothetical
questions about employment possibilities, after assuming a person of Miller’s age,
education, and work background, who could perform some light lifting, stand and walk
for four hours and sit for six hours out of an eight-hour day, and otherwise not be exposed
to hazards, dust, fumes, or prolonged pushing, pulling, or lifting. The VE testified that
4 such a person could find a significant number of jobs in the national economy. Miller’s
attorney stipulated to the VE’s qualifications.
The ALJ properly relied on this testimony in making its determination. See 20
C.F.R. § 416.966(e). Miller’s assertion that the VE’s testimony was flawed for not
providing more detailed information about the identified jobs, whether such jobs were
actually available, and where the jobs were actually located, does not undermine the
ALJ’s determination. See id. § 416.966(c)(1)-(8). So, the VE’s testimony was sufficient
to support the ALJ’s determination. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 416.920(a)(4)(v), 416.966(b)
(explaining that a claimant will not be found disabled if she can make an adjustment to
other work existing in the national economy).
Third, Miller argues that the ALJ improperly weighed the medical opinion
evidence. The ALJ alone evaluates the medical opinions in the record and weighs each
medical opinion based on various factors, including whether the opinion is supported by
medical signs and laboratory findings, and is consistent with the record as a whole. 20
C.F.R. § 416.927(c); see also Chandler v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 667 F.3d 356, 361 (3d
Cir. 2011) (“The ALJ—not treating or examining or State agency consultants—must
make the ultimate disability and RFC determinations.”) (citations omitted). If the ALJ
provides an explanation, he can reject discredited medical evidence. Zirnsak v. Colvin,
777 F.3d 607, 614 (3d Cir. 2014).
Miller’s treating physician opined, based on one examination, that Miller could
not perform even sedentary work. Miller’s prior medical records were not available at
this exam, and the ALJ found discrepancies between the treating physician’s report and
5 Miller’s prior medical record. The ALJ also determined that the limitations the doctor
noted were more extreme than those warranted by the physical examination’s findings.
So the ALJ explained why this medical opinion was given less weight in the RFC and
disability determinations. The ALJ’s decision to afford the state agency physician’s
opinion significant weight is also supported by substantial evidence. The ALJ
determined it was based on a broader record than the treating physician’s, and consistent
with the cumulative evidence. The ALJ specifically discussed medical evidence from the
time period that Miller asserts was ignored. Thus, the ALJ’s determination on the weight
of medical opinion evidence is supported by substantial evidence.
Fourth, Miller asserts that the ALJ erred by not accepting her subjective
complaints of pain and limitations. Subjective allegations of pain or other symptoms
cannot alone establish a disability. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.929(a). The ALJ has wide
discretion to weigh the claimant’s subjective complaints, Van Horn v. Schweiker, 717
F.2d 871, 873 (3d Cir. 1983), and may discount them where they are unsupported by
other relevant objective evidence. 20 C.F.R. § 416.929(c). Examples of objective
evidence include whether a claimant has sought treatment, or taken medication, to
alleviate their pain. Id.
Here, the ALJ considered Miller’s subjective assertions, and gave them weight in
finding a relatively restrictive RFC. The ALJ also found that Miller did not seek
treatment or take medication after filing for disability, which undermined her self-
reported limitations. Thus, the ALJ based his decision on relevant objective evidence,
which is sufficient to affirm.
6 Fifth, Miller asserts that her attorneys at the administrative level were ineffective.
“[T]here is no principle of effective assistance of counsel in civil cases.” Slavin v.
Comm'r, 932 F.2d 598, 601 (7th Cir. 1991). Thus, Miller’s claim cannot undermine the
ALJ’s determination.
Finally, to the extent Miller raises additional challenges that were not presented to
the District Court, those arguments are waived. See Tri-M Group, LLC v. Sharp, 638
F.3d 406, 416 (3d Cir. 2011).
For these reasons, we will affirm the District Court’s judgment.