Surgery Center at 900 North Mi v. American Physicians Assurance

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedApril 25, 2019
Docket18-2622
StatusPublished

This text of Surgery Center at 900 North Mi v. American Physicians Assurance (Surgery Center at 900 North Mi v. American Physicians Assurance) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Surgery Center at 900 North Mi v. American Physicians Assurance, (7th Cir. 2019).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 18‐2622 SURGERY CENTER AT 900 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, LLC, Plaintiff‐Appellant, v.

AMERICAN PHYSICIANS ASSURANCE CORPORATION, INC., et al., Defendants‐Appellees. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 15‐cv‐4336 — Sharon Johnson Coleman, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED APRIL 12, 2019 — DECIDED APRIL 25, 2019 ____________________

Before FLAUM, EASTERBROOK, and SYKES, Circuit Judges. FLAUM, Circuit Judge. A jury found Surgery Center at 900 North Michigan Avenue, LLC (“Surgery Center”) liable in a medical malpractice action for $5.17 million. Surgery Center’s insurance coverage under its policy with insurer American Physicians Assurance Corporation, Inc. capped out at $1 mil‐ lion per claim, leaving it responsible for the excess judgment. Surgery Center sued for bad faith because its insurer failed to settle the claim for the policy limit. The district court denied 2 No. 18‐2622

summary judgment to the insurer but, after six days of a jury trial, granted the insurer judgment as a matter of law. We af‐ firm. I. Background A. Factual Background Plaintiff‐appellant Surgery Center is an outpatient surgi‐ cal center that permits outside physicians to perform day sur‐ gery at its facility. Defendants‐appellees American Physicians Assurance Corporation, Inc. and American Physicians Capi‐ tal, Inc. (collectively “APA”) together constitute a medical malpractice insurance company that insured Surgery Center. The insurance policy Surgery Center purchased from APA limited APA’s liability to $1 million per claim and provided that APA would defend and indemnify Surgery Center for claims that fell within the policy’s coverage. The current dispute stems from a medical malpractice ac‐ tion against Surgery Center. On November 26, 2002, Dr. Har‐ rith Hasson performed outpatient laparoscopic surgery on Gwendolyn Tate at Surgery Center. Dr. Hasson is an outside physician who had privileges at Surgery Center; he was not a Surgery Center employee. Dr. Hasson did not see Tate or sign her discharge instructions before the center released her. In‐ stead, Surgery Center’s anesthesiologist discharged Tate and gave the written discharge instructions to Tate’s boyfriend. Four days after surgery, Tate checked into to the hospital with surgical complications (a perforated bowel) that eventually rendered the previously healthy thirty‐four‐year‐old a quad‐ riplegic. Tate sued Dr. Hasson and Surgery Center in Cook County, Illinois state court in May 2003 for medical malpractice. APA No. 18‐2622 3

hired an outside law firm, Lowis & Gellen, to defend Surgery Center in accordance with APA’s defense guidelines. Jennifer Lowis and, later, Mark Smith of Lowis & Gellen represented Surgery Center. Guita Griffiths was Surgery Center’s presi‐ dent, an attorney, and the point of contact for APA and de‐ fense counsel on the Tate case. As of November 2004, APA set the amount of the “Re‐ serve”—money the Michigan Department of Insurance re‐ quired APA (a Michigan corporation) to put aside to cover an adverse verdict—at $560,000. APA labeled the case “high ex‐ posure” because it believed the damages in the event of an adverse verdict could exceed Surgery Center’s policy limit. After discovery and prior to the first of two trials, on July 31, 2007, Tate’s counsel offered to settle with Surgery Center for the full amount of its policy with APA—$1 million. APA rejected the demand. On August 3, 2007, Dr. Hasson’s insur‐ ance carrier settled with Tate for his policy limit of $1 million. The same day, Surgery Center moved the court to reconsider the previous denial of its motion for summary judgment; the court granted reconsideration and dismissed the case. In De‐ cember 2009, the Illinois Appellate Court partially reversed, remanding for trial the issue of whether the nursing staff at Surgery Center breached the standard of care when discharg‐ ing Tate and whether the breach proximately caused Tate’s injury. Following remand, APA raised the Reserve to the maxi‐ mum amount of the policy limit—$1 million. APA did not in‐ form Surgery Center that it increased the Reserve but told Surgery Center that it continued to believe the case was de‐ 4 No. 18‐2622

fensible. Prior to the second trial, in May 2010, Tate sent an‐ other settlement demand for the policy limit of $1 million. APA again rejected this demand. The jury returned a verdict for Tate for $5.17 million. Grif‐ fiths retained personal counsel following the verdict and set‐ tled with Tate for $2.25 million, of which APA paid $1 million, per the policy limitation. B. Procedural Background In May 2015, Surgery Center sued APA in federal court, alleging state law claims of negligence, breach of fiduciary duty, and concert of action. As relevant here, Surgery Center claimed APA had acted in bad faith by failing to settle with Tate for the policy limit. Shortly before trial, the district court denied APA’s motion for summary judgment. It held that APA’s true assessment of the likelihood of a liability finding against Surgery Center and of the potential damages amount in excess of Surgery Center’s policy limit were disputed issues of material fact. The court observed that the increase in the Reserve following remand potentially indicated APA’s belief that Surgery Center would be found liable at trial, though the purpose of the increase and the method of calculating the Re‐ serve remained in dispute. The case proceeded to a jury trial. Surgery Center pre‐ sented evidence that in 2005 APA had promoted a new Vice President of Claims who implemented a company‐wide strat‐ egy, the “Concrete Plan,” to promote aggressive defense of claims against its insured. Shelly Oblak, the APA claims rep‐ resentative handling the Tate case, testified that APA rated the case a nine out of ten as to “severity” based on plaintiff Tate’s condition and that the initial Reserve on the case was No. 18‐2622 5

$560,000. APA calculated the Reserve by predicting and mul‐ tiplying several factors: Full Liability Value (the estimated damages award against all defendants, assuming Tate won— $8 million); the chance of losing (70%); and Surgery Center’s estimated percentage share of liability (10%). Oblak testified that APA rejected Tate’s first settlement demand for the pol‐ icy limit of $1 million because it believed the case was defen‐ sible. That same day, Oblak wrote Griffiths advising her that APA was not making an offer of settlement to Tate, that APA would not be responsible for any payment in excess of Sur‐ gery Center’s policy limit, and that Surgery Center may wish to retain personal counsel to advise it regarding the potential excess exposure. When the state court dismissed the Tate case on a renewed summary judgment motion during the first trial, Oblak docu‐ mented in the case file that APA had “a lot to be thankful for.” She testified she held this belief because it was a high expo‐ sure case with a sympathetic plaintiff. Following appellate re‐ mand, however, APA raised the Reserve to the full policy limit of $1 million. Oblak explained how APA made this cal‐ culation: a $7 million Full Liability Value estimate, multiplied by Surgery Center’s 100% share of liability (as Dr. Hasson had settled out of the case), divided in half to reach the “midpoint” of $3.5 million. Because the policy limit was $1 million, how‐ ever, APA capped the Reserve at that amount. Notably, the second Reserve calculation did not take into account APA’s evaluation of the likelihood of success on the case; rather, it merely assessed potential damages.1

1 Oblak testified as much, as did Tom Reed, an APA claims litigation

manager, and Catherine Shutack, APA’s Vice President of Claims. 6 No. 18‐2622

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Surgery Center at 900 North Mi v. American Physicians Assurance, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/surgery-center-at-900-north-mi-v-american-physicians-assurance-ca7-2019.