Sumner v. Enercon Development Co.

779 P.2d 150, 98 Or. App. 18
CourtCourt of Appeals of Oregon
DecidedAugust 9, 1989
Docket31735; CA A40765
StatusPublished

This text of 779 P.2d 150 (Sumner v. Enercon Development Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Oregon primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Sumner v. Enercon Development Co., 779 P.2d 150, 98 Or. App. 18 (Or. Ct. App. 1989).

Opinion

BUTTLER, P. J.

This case is before v. on remand from the Supreme Court to decide whether the trial court erred when it found that plaintiffs’ breach of their land sale contract with Enercon Development Company (Enercon) released the guarantor, Howco Investment Corporation (HIC).1

The underlying facts are set out in our former opinion, Sumner v. Enercon Development Company, 92 Or App 406, 759 P2d 286 (1988), rev’d 307 Or 579, 771 P2d 619 (1989), and will not be repeated here. We held that, when plaintiffs elected to foreclose their purchase money mortgage, they were precluded thereafter from seeking recovery against HIC as guarantor of the debt by virtue of ORS 88.070, which prohibited plaintiffs from obtaining a deficiency judgment, against Enercon. Because of that holding, it was not necessary for v. to consider HIC’s closely related contention that, even if the statute did not preclude plaintiffs from enforcing HIC’s guaranty, the loss of its subrogation rights against Enercon as a result of plaintiffs’ election to foreclose released HIC from its guaranty. If plaintiffs had not foreclosed and HIC had paid according to the guaranty, HIC could have sued Enercon on the debt. The general rule is that, by discharging the obligation of the principal, the surety is subrogated to the rights of the creditors. Delaney v. Georgia-Pacific Corp., 278 Or 305, 312, 564 P2d 277 (1977); 73 Am Jur 2d, “Subrogation,” § 53. The surety is subrogated only to the creditor’s rights and remedies that existed immediately before payment by the guarantor. Mayer v. First National Bk. of Oregon, 260 Or 119, 130,489 P2d 385 (1971). Because plaintiffs could not obtain a personal judgment against Enercon, neither may HIC, unless the Supreme Court’s holding in this case implicitly permits it to do so. If it does not permit that, it appears that HIC is correct in stating that it is released from its guaranty. See Marshall-Wells Company v. Tenney et al., 118 Or 373, 244 P 84 (1926).

The Supreme Court disagreed with our holding that [21]*21ORS 88.070 prohibits plaintiffs from enforcing HIC’s guaranty. In doing so, it held that the statute “merely places a limit on the trial court’s authority to enter a deficiency judgment; it has no effect on the existence of the underlying debt. * * * [T]he court has no authority to render a ‘certain kind of judgment,’ i.e., a deficiency judgment.” 307 Or at 582. The court then considered whether plaintiffs’ right to recover from HIC depends on plaintiffs’ right to proceed against Enercon. It concluded that it did not, because:

“ORS 88.070 does nothing more than bar a deficiency judgment against a purchase money mortgagor. It does not extinguish the debt; it merely closes the avenue for collecting it. And even this limitation has no effect on a separate action to recover damages under a guarantee.” 307 Or at 584.

The court remanded the case to v. to consider only HIC’s breach of contract claim.

Given the court’s emphasis on the nature of a deficiency judgment and its narrow direction on remand, we conclude that the court must have decided implicitly that HIC, after paying on the guaranty, would not be barred from suing Enercon for the amount that it paid plaintiffs under its guaranty.2 Although a judgment against Enercon would be a personal judgment, it would not be a “deficiency judgment,” because it would not have been entered in the foreclosure proceeding—the avenue that the court said is closed by the statute.3 Accordingly, we turn to the question that we were directed to consider on remand.

After a trial to the court, the court made detailed findings, none of which is challenged by plaintiffs. On September 17, 1980, plaintiffs sold a real estate development to [22]*22Enercon. At the same time, HIC executed a guaranty in plaintiffs’ favor, which was attached to the contract:

“In consideration of the inducement of [plaintiffs] to enter into the within contract with [Enercon], the undersigned, jointly and severally guarantee to [plaintiffs], the performance of all provisions of this contract to be performed by [Enercon], including the payment of money and other obligations of [Enercon] as contained therein.”

The contract contemplated that Enercon would pay plaintiffs from sales proceeds and that plaintiffs, who held a purchase money mortgage on each parcel, would deposit any necessary releases in escrow to accomplish a sale. The contract provided that Enercon would pay plaintiffs $5,000 for each sale but not less than $65,000 semi-annually.4 In July, 1981, Enercon made its first $65,000 semi-annual payment and asked plaintiffs to deposit in escrow releases for 13 specifically described residential units. Plaintiffs did not do so.

The parties subsequently modified the contract twice. As required by the March 1, 1982, modification, Enercon deposited a $65,000 check in escrow with instructions that [23]*23it be disbursed to plaintiffs on the condition that plaintiffs release 26 residential units immediately upon acceptance, before withdrawing the $65,000 from escrow.5 On March 2, 1982, plaintiffs agreed to the modification in writing, but they did not deposit any releases. Plaintiffs, however, withdrew the $65,000 after they executed an indemnity agreement in favor of the title company.

The March 1 modification failed.6 The parties, including HIC, agreed to a further modification on July 9, 1982. It required plaintiffs, as requested by Enercon, to release their mortgage lien on unit 15 for sale to the Oregon Carpet Warehouse. Plaintiffs deposited a release for that unit in escrow on January 6, 1983, but accompanied it with instructions that made it virtually impossible for the escrow agent to deliver it to Enercon. After the title company tried unsuccessfully for several months to get plaintiffs to waive their conditions or deposit another release, plaintiffs finally provided a waiver of the escrow conditions on May 8, 1983, and the release was delivered.

The court found that the failure to release the 13 specifically described lots when the $65,000 minimum payment was made in July, 1981, was a breach of contract by plaintiffs. It also found:

“No sales of lots were ever lost by Enercon as a result of any breach of contract or any other action or inaction on the part of the plaintiffs.
“HIC’s risk as guarantor was not materially increased by plaintiffs’ failure to place the 13 partial releases of mortgage into escrow which Enercon requested in July 1981.
* * * *
[24]*24“HIC’s risk as Enercon’s guarantor was not materially increased by the combined effect of plaintiffs’ conduct * *

The trial court also concluded that HIC’s consent to the July 9, 1982, modification did not constitute a waiver of any defenses relating to that breach.7

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Related

Ebco, Inc. v. Bechtold
446 P.2d 120 (Oregon Supreme Court, 1968)
Lloyd Corporation v. O'CONNOR
479 P.2d 744 (Oregon Supreme Court, 1971)
Artman v. Ray
501 P.2d 63 (Oregon Supreme Court, 1972)
Mayer v. First National Bank of Oregon
489 P.2d 385 (Oregon Supreme Court, 1971)
Sumner v. Enercon Development Co.
759 P.2d 286 (Court of Appeals of Oregon, 1988)
Nike, Inc. v. Spencer
707 P.2d 589 (Court of Appeals of Oregon, 1985)
Sumner v. Enercon Development Company
771 P.2d 619 (Oregon Supreme Court, 1989)
Delaney v. Georgia-Pacific Corp.
564 P.2d 277 (Oregon Supreme Court, 1977)
Marshall-Wells Co. v. Tenney
244 P. 84 (Oregon Supreme Court, 1926)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
779 P.2d 150, 98 Or. App. 18, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/sumner-v-enercon-development-co-orctapp-1989.