Summerhill v. State

436 So. 2d 2, 1983 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 4214
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Alabama
DecidedMarch 1, 1983
StatusPublished
Cited by12 cases

This text of 436 So. 2d 2 (Summerhill v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Summerhill v. State, 436 So. 2d 2, 1983 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 4214 (Ala. Ct. App. 1983).

Opinion

436 So.2d 2 (1983)

Raymond SUMMERHILL
v.
STATE.

8 Div. 651.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama.

March 1, 1983.
Rehearing Denied May 31, 1983.
Certiorari Denied August 5, 1983.

John R. Benn of Peck & Slusher, Florence, for appellant.

Charles A. Graddick, Atty. Gen., and Jan A. Wade, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.

Alabama Supreme Court 82-821.

ON RETURN TO REMAND

LEIGH M. CLARK, Retired Circuit Judge.

As shown by the return of the trial court to our order remanding this cause with directions as heretofore rendered and thereafter modified, the trial court has proceeded in accordance with said directions to conduct another sentence hearing and has rendered a judgment sentencing defendant upon his plea of guilty to "serve a term of fifteen (15) years," as it did in its previous judgment of sentence after he had been adjudicated guilty in accordance with his plea of guilty. The judgment on remandment *3 states the following pertinent findings of the trial court:

"THAT the Defendant Raymond Summerhill, was convicted in Cases numbered CC-81-280 and CC-81-279 on September 21, 1981, and was adjudged guilty in each case based upon his plea of guilty entered on said date.
"The Court further finds THAT the Defendant committed the offense upon which the within case is before the Court on October 1, 1981....
". . . .
"... Said sentence is imposed based upon the following premises:
"(1) The application of the Habitual Felony Offender Act showing two (2) prior felony convictions.
". . . ."

As the return to the order of remandment discloses (1) that prior to the judgment of conviction and sentence in the instant case defendant had been adjudged guilty of the felony charged in each of the other two cases involved and (2) that prior to his commission of the felony charged in the instant case defendant had committed the felony charged in each of the other two cases, we no longer have any concern as to the existence of either fact. We now consider the only other issues presently presented by appellant in his brief and the diametrically opposing positions taken by appellee in its brief on the return to the order of remandment. They are captioned hereafter in the form of questions, and, except for the deletion of the word "not," are in the language presented in appellant's brief.

I

SHOULD DEFENDANT HAVE BEEN SENTENCED AS A THIRD-TIME OFFENDER SINCE THERE WAS NO SEQUENTIAL RELATION BETWEEN THE PRIOR FELONY CONVICTIONS RELIED UPON TO ENHANCE SENTENCING?

Appellant candidly acknowledges that his position as to the question is inconsistent with Watson v. State, Ala.Cr.App., 392 So.2d 1274, cert. denied, Ala. 392 So.2d 1280 (January 29, 1981), followed by Serritt v. State, Ala.Cr.App., 401 So.2d 248 (rehearing denied May 26, 1981) cert. denied (July 31, 1981), and states in the concluding sentence of his argument under the above caption that "Watson v. State, should be overruled to the extent it is inconsistent with this approach [appellant's discussion as to the necessity for the observance of sequence in the habitual felony offenders statute] to the three tier habitual offender statute." We decline to attempt to overrule Watson v. State and definitely reaffirm all that was held and said therein.

Appellant's main target is the following sentence in Watson at 392 So.2d 1279:

"The statute seems clear and unambiguous that, where two or more convictions occur at the same time and in the same court, they are separate convictions within the meaning of the Habitual Offender Statute."

It is clear that by the use of the words "same time" reference was not made to any specific measure of time[1], but to the same occasion, for the reason that the previous convictions occurred on the same occasion and the word "time" and the word "occasion" are correctly used synonymously when no measure of time is controlling, whether years, seconds, or any of their intervening periods of time.

Appellant proceeds in his argument to discuss a number of cases from other jurisdictions in which conclusions are reached as to recidivist statutes of such jurisdictions that are not in accord with that which was held in Watson v. State as quoted above. As appellant in his argument concedes and as our examination of such authorities reveals, the language of the other statutes on the subject is not identical with that of the statutory law of Alabama. In addition, it is to be noted that in some of the authorities relied upon by appellant emphasis is placed upon "the underlying purpose," the "policy," *4 or the "basic philosophy" of the recividist statute, which could well vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Furthermore, in some of the cases cited by appellant, the conclusions relied upon by appellant are linked to the philosophy expressed in those jurisdictions to the effect that one is not subject to the recividist statute unless he has actually served, partially or completely, his sentence for "one or more prior felony convictions," which is contrary to the established law in Alabama as announced first in Alabama in Watson v. State, supra, at 392 So.2d 1279, as follows:

"In our judgment, the word `convicted,' as used in § 13A-5-9, Code of Alabama (1975), does not include actual service in the penitentiary. Had the legislature intended `conviction' to include only those convictions followed by actual imprisonment, such a definition could easily have been included in the statute."

Additional consideration should be given, we think, to appellant's use of the word "sequential," the emphasis he places thereon and the interesting argument, which academically is persuasive, to the effect that there must be some sequence between a conviction for a felony for which the defendant can receive a recividist sentence and any conviction that serves to enhance such sentence from the sentence that it would otherwise be. We think, from the language of the recidivist statute itself by the use of the words "previously convicted," it follows necessarily that there must be such a sequence. In the instant case, there was a sequence between the adjudication of defendant's guilt of the two other felonies under consideration and the judgment of conviction and sentence in the instant case. He was adjudged guilty of each of the other felonies on September 21, 1981; he was not adjudged guilty in the instant case until January 8, 1982. Whether there was any attempt to invoke the recidivist statute as to the two previous convictions inter sese, or, on the other hand, whether the statute was either inadvertently overlooked or the sentence in each case was the same as it would have been if the statute had been applied, we do not know and do not inquire, as it would be immaterial to the question before us. Nevertheless, we now continue our discussion of appellant's argument as to the necessity for sequence.

It is difficult to conceive of two or more convictions of the same defendant without sequence between one conviction and each of the other convictions. The records may fail to show the priority of each conviction as related to the other conviction or convictions, but it is not in keeping with the law or the practice in the trial courts of Alabama for two convictions of the same person to be precisely at the same moment.

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Bluebook (online)
436 So. 2d 2, 1983 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 4214, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/summerhill-v-state-alacrimapp-1983.