Sullivan v. Sullivan

155 Misc. 2d 440, 588 N.Y.S.2d 232, 1992 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 414
CourtNew York Supreme Court
DecidedSeptember 2, 1992
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 155 Misc. 2d 440 (Sullivan v. Sullivan) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New York Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Sullivan v. Sullivan, 155 Misc. 2d 440, 588 N.Y.S.2d 232, 1992 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 414 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 1992).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

David B. Saxe, J.

Several novel questions are presented in this postjudgment proceeding for equitable distribution:

When a spouse obtains a divorce in another State, and then returns to this State to obtain equitable distribution, what is the cut-off date for the acquisition of marital property?

Is full, liberal disclosure available in such a proceeding?

Is an award of counsel fees authorized under Domestic Relations Law § 237?

The parties married in 1958, and separated in 1982. In 1983, Mr. Sullivan commenced an action for divorce in Westchester County. Following trial, on July 20, 1987, the court dismissed [442]*442the action, finding that Mr. Sullivan had not established grounds for divorce; it awarded Mrs. Sullivan $8,000 per month for maintenance. In August 1987 Mr. Sullivan sued for divorce in Illinois; in December 1989 a divorce was granted to Mr. Sullivan by that court on grounds of irreconcilable differences. That court could not and did not render any determination on the marital financial issues. Consequently, Mr. Sullivan has sued in this court for equitable distribution; he also seeks downward modification of the Westchester court’s maintenance award.

Mr. Sullivan has taken the position that any property he acquired after August 1987 is separate property, since the Illinois divorce action was commenced at that time; he therefore limits his net worth statement to assets and liabilities as of that date, and refuses to answer deposition questions or provide demanded documents concerning assets and liabilities acquired after that date. Mrs. Sullivan now requests a ruling that the cut-off date for the acquisition of marital property is the date of commencement of this proceeding. She also seeks counsel fees, a direction that she be designated beneficiary of a $1,000,000 policy on Mr. Sullivan’s life, and an order that Mr. Sullivan provide full disclosure of his finances to the present.

I. The Cut-Off Date for Marital Property

Domestic Relations Law §236 (B) (1) (c) defines marital property as: "[A]ll property acquired by either or both spouses during the marriage and before the execution of a separation agreement or the commencement of a matrimonial action” (emphasis added).

The husband suggests that the commencement of a foreign divorce action falls squarely within the foregoing provision. The wife offers several bases upon which to reject his position.

The definition of "matrimonial actions” in Domestic Relations Law § 236 (B) (2) specifically includes "proceedings to obtain maintenance or a distribution of marital property following a foreign judgment of divorce.” It certainly would not run counter to the statute to hold that the commencement date of this proceeding is the cut-off date for marital property.

Moreover, I agree with Mrs. Sullivan that since Mr. Sullivan failed to prove entitlement to a divorce in New York and therefore failed to cut off marital property rights in this State in 1983, he should not be able to do so by an action in a [443]*443foreign State whose authority and jurisdiction was limited to ruling on the marriage itself.

My conclusion is supported by the decision of the First Department in a somewhat analogous situation (see, Match v Match, 179 AD2d 124 [1992]; but see, Lennon v Lennon, 124 AD2d 788 [2d Dept 1986]). The Court held in Match that when one spouse first obtained a judgment of a separation and the other spouse subsequently commenced an action for a conversion divorce, the cut-off date for the acquisition of marital property was the date the divorce action was commenced. It reasoned that if the husband had no grounds for divorce (and therefore no right to equitable distribution) until the commencement of the action for a conversion divorce, it would be unfair to penalize the wife by selecting an earlier cut-off date (Match v Match, supra, at 132).

Just as no right to equitable distribution is available in an action for separation, no such right is available in an ex parte foreign divorce action, since when a State lacks personal jurisdiction over a spouse, the divorce may not properly determine the spouse’s economic or property rights (see, Vanderbilt v Vanderbilt, 354 US 416). Employing the same line of reasoning as used in Match (supra), it would be incongruous to permit an ex parte foreign action to terminate the nonappearing spouse’s rights to subsequently acquired property.

The factors relied upon by Mr. Sullivan — the parties’ 10-year separation, the termination of any "economic partnership” upon the dissolution of the marriage — are appropriately taken into consideration by the court in distributing the marital property of the titled spouse. However, for purposes of application of Domestic Relations Law § 236 (B) (1) (c), property acquired up to the date of commencement of the present proceeding will be deemed marital property.

II. Scope of Discovery

Mr. Sullivan takes the position that since this is a special proceeding, discovery is restricted, and leave of the court is required pursuant to CPLR article 4.

This argument fails to acknowledge that the present post-judgment proceeding seeks a de nova determination of equitable distribution; it is not in the nature of a postjudgment proceeding reconsidering an issue already decided in the initial action, as was the case in Slawiak v Hollywood (123 Misc 2d 435 [Sup Ct, Erie County 1984]) and Taylor v Taylor (NYLJ, July 10, 1990, at 29, col 1 [Sup Ct, Kings County]).

[444]*444I am in agreement with the well-respected commentators cited by Mrs. Sullivan: in proceedings to obtain distribution of marital property following a foreign judgment of divorce, the liberal discovery rules of CPLR article 31, rather than those of article 4, should apply (see, 2 Foster, Freed and Brandes, Law and the Family New York § 13:3 [2d ed]). As was noted earlier, such proceedings are defined in Domestic Relations Law § 236 (B) (2) as matrimonial actions; they should therefore be accorded all the same discovery rights.

Accordingly, not only is Mrs. Sullivan entitled to full disclosure of assets and liabilities acquired up to the date this proceeding was commenced, she may also inquire at the husband’s deposition as to the disposition of any such assets if the information may be relevant to the tracing or valuation of marital assets.

III. Counsel Fees

Initially, Mr. Sullivan again relies upon the "special proceeding” characterization to argue that the court’s authority to award a spouse counsel fees under Domestic Relations Law § 237 is inapplicable here.

It is true that Domestic Relations Law § 237, which authorizes an award of counsel fees in divorce and separation actions, specifically delineates the types of actions and proceedings to which it applies; a proceeding for equitable distribution following a foreign divorce is not listed among them. However, I agree with Mrs. Sullivan that this proceeding is best viewed as a severed portion of a matrimonial action, and is by implication encompassed within the types of actions contemplated in section 237.

Even if I held otherwise, the equities of this situation warrant an estoppel against Mr. Sullivan’s raising this argument.

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Bluebook (online)
155 Misc. 2d 440, 588 N.Y.S.2d 232, 1992 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 414, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/sullivan-v-sullivan-nysupct-1992.