Sullivan v. State Tax Assessor

CourtSuperior Court of Maine
DecidedAugust 31, 2009
DocketKENap-06-65and66
StatusUnpublished

This text of Sullivan v. State Tax Assessor (Sullivan v. State Tax Assessor) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Superior Court of Maine primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Sullivan v. State Tax Assessor, (Me. Super. Ct. 2009).

Opinion

STATE OF MAINE SUPERIOR COURT CIVIL ACTION KENNEBEC, ss. DOCKET NO. AP-06-63, AP-06-64, AP-06-65, and AP-06-66 . ..7-./' ,'J ' .) :1\,'.',J ". '. -rj I I,

JOHN M. SULLIVAN, et al., l

Petitioners

v. DECISION AND ORDER

STATE TAX ASSESSOR

Respondent

Before the court are cross-motions for summary judgmenf on petitioners' M.R.

Civ. P. 80C petition for judicial review challenging an assessment of income tax,

interest, and penalties by the State Tax Assessor (Assessor). For the following reasons,

the petitioners' motion is granted in part and denied in part.

FACTS

The issue in this case stems from a dispute regarding Maine income tax

treatment of non-resident members of the law firm Preti, Flaherty, Beliveau, Pachios &

Haley, LLC (Preti). Between 1/1/01 and 12/31/03, Preti was a limited liability

company4 organized and existing under Maine law. (PSMF <]I 1.) During that period,

Preti maintained offices in Portland, Augusta, and Bath, Maine. (PSMF <]I 7.) Effective

3/1/01, Preti opened an office in Concord, New Hampshire (the Concord Office), and

I The petitioners in this case are Christopher P. Reid (AP-06-66), John M. Sullivan and Rhoda M. Sullivan (AP-06-63), Daniel P. Luker and Karen A. Slick (AP-04-64), and Simon C. Leeming and Alice Leeming (AP-06-65). Pursuant to court order, petitioners' respective actions were consolidated. 2 Petitioners filed their motion on April 22, 2008. The State Tax Assessor (the Assessor) filed his motion on April 23, 2008. Additionally, the Assessor filed a Motion to Exclude expert testimony on April 23, 2008. 3 The firm is now known as Preti, Flaherty, Beliveau and Pachios, LLP. (PSMF 11.)

4 For Maine income tax purposes, the Preti was treated as a partnership during the tax years in question. See 36 M.R.S § 5180(1). 2

continued to maintain the office through 12/31/03. (PSMF

and Preti's Maine offices were centrally managed and run by the Preti, and all clients,

including clients serviced out of the Concord Office, were clients of Preti. (RSMF

17.)

During the period between 1/1/01 and 12/31/03, Preti distinguished between

two types of members: equity members and non-equity members. (PSMF

Although both classes of members were members of the LLC, the two classes were

compensated in accordance with different formulas. (PSMF

issue, the allocation of profits, losses, and distributions to all members were governed

by an operating agreement. (RSMF

opposed to wages, from Preti. (RSMF

in this appeal. (RSMF

In January 2001, Christopher P. Reid, an attorney residing in Dover, New

Hampshire, joined Preti as a non-equity member. (PSMF

firm in April 2003, Mr. Reid practiced law out of the Concord Office.s (PSMF

May 2002, John M. Sullivan, an attorney residing with his wife, Rhoda M. Sullivan, in

Concord, New Hampshire, and Daniel P. Luker, an attorney residing with his wife,

Karen A. Slick, in Concord, New Hampshire, joined Preti as equity members. (PSMF

11-12, 15-16, 19-20.) Also at that time, Simon C. Leeming, an attorney residing with his

wife, Alice Leeming, in Canterbury, New Hampshire, joined Preti as a non-equity

member. (PSMF

5The parties' dispute regarding whether Mr. Reid and the other petitioners were "engaged exclusively in the practice of law" is largely a game of semantics. Although the court understands the parties' reasons for contesting this issue, factually, there is no dispute that the petitioners were equity and non-equity members of Preti, engaging in the practice of law. (PSMF IJ[IJ[ 22-25; ROSMF IJ[IJ[ 22-25.) 3

Messrs. Sullivan, Luker, and Leeming practiced law out of the Concord Office. (PSMF

Between the time they joined Preti and 12/31/03, Messrs. Reed, Sullivan, Luker,

and Leeming (collectively, "petitioners") made only occasional visits to Preti's Maine

offices. 6 The petitioners spent a small fraction of their practices working on behalf of

Maine-based clients? (PSMF

In 2005, Maine Revenue Services (MRS) requested that Mr. Reid file Maine non­

resident income tax returns for the 2001 and 2002 tax years. (PSMF

similar requests to Messrs. Sullivan, Luker, and Leeming for the 2002 and 2003 tax

years. (PSMF

income tax returns as requested. (PSMF

the petitioners did not apportion any of the distributions they received from Preti to

Maine, as Maine-source income. (PSMF

Pursuant to an audit, MRS auditors revised the petitioners' returns to reflect

Maine-source income. (PSMF

source income, the NIRS multiplied the LLC distribution payments the petitioners

received from Preti by the Maine apportionment percentages9 reported in Preti's Maine

LLC information returns for the corresponding years. (PSMF

6 Mr. Reid made approximately six to eight trips per year; Mr. Sullivan made approximately eight trips per year; Mr. Luker made a total of approximately five trips during that period; and Mr. Leeming made approximately two to three trips per year. (PSMF lJ[lJ[ 33, 37, 41, 43.) 7 A "Maine-based client" is one organized under Maine law, having a Maine billing address, or both. (PSMF lJ[ 31.) 8 Messrs. Sullivan, Luker, and Leeming filed joint returns with their wives. (PSMF lJ[lJ[ 11-13,50,52,54.)

9 In 2001, Preti apportioned 98.6139% of its income to Maine; in 2002, it apportioned 94.1306% of its income to Maine; and in 2003, it apportioned 92.0571% of its income to Maine. (PSMF lJ[ 26-28.) 4

credit was determined and applied. lO (Id.) Based upon the recalculation of the

petitioners' Maine-source income, MRS issued Notices of Assessment assessing income

taxes, interest, and penalties against Mr. Reid for 2001 and 2002, and against the

Sullivans, Lukers, and Leemings for 2002 and 2003. On 1/8/06, the Assessor denied the

petitioners' requests for reconsideration. (PSMF err 73.) Subsequently, the petitioners'

filed timely petitions for judicial review.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

Summary judgment is proper where there exist no genuine issues of material fact

such that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. M.R. Civ. P. 56(c);

see also Levine v. R.B.K. Caly Corp., 2001 ME 77, err 4, 770 A.2d 653, 655. A genuine

issue is raised "when sufficient evidence requires a fact-finder to choose between

competing versions of the truth at trial." Parrish v. Wright, 2003 ME 90,

778, 781. A material fact is a fact that has "the potential to affect the outcome of the

suit." Burdzel v. Sobus, 2000 ME 84,

disputed, the dispute must be resolved through fact-finding." Curtis v. Porter, 2001 ME

158, err 7, 784 A.2d 18, 22. A party wishing to avoid summary judgment must present a

prima facie case for the claim or defense that is asserted. Reliance Nat'l Indem.

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