Sullivan v. State

756 S.E.2d 671, 326 Ga. App. 441, 2014 Fulton County D. Rep. 935, 2014 WL 1098030, 2014 Ga. App. LEXIS 201
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedMarch 21, 2014
DocketA13A2037
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 756 S.E.2d 671 (Sullivan v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Sullivan v. State, 756 S.E.2d 671, 326 Ga. App. 441, 2014 Fulton County D. Rep. 935, 2014 WL 1098030, 2014 Ga. App. LEXIS 201 (Ga. Ct. App. 2014).

Opinion

Miller, Judge.

Following a bench trial, Michael Sullivan was convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol to the extent it was less safe to do so.1 Sullivan appeals from the trial court’s denial of his motion for new trial, contending that the evidence was legally insufficient; the trial court improperly considered similar transaction evidence; and the trial court improperly considered Sullivan’s refusal to perform field sobriety tests. Finding no error, we affirm.

“On appeal from a criminal conviction that follows a bench trial, the defendant no longer enjoys a presumption of innocence, and we view the evidence in a light favorable to the trial court’s finding of guilt.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Hinton v. State, 319 Ga. App. 673 (738 SE2d 120) (2013). “We do not weigh the evidence or [442]*442determine witness credibility but only determine whether the evidence is sufficient under the standard of Jackson v. Virginia. [2] This same standard applies to our review of the trial court’s denial of [defendant’s] motion for new trial.” Stephens v. State, 247 Ga. App. 719 (545 SE2d 325) (2001).

So viewed, the evidence was that, at approximately 1:00 a.m. on October 2, 2009, Georgia State Trooper Osby, in a marked patrol car, was patrolling in Atlanta as a member of the Night Hawks, a DUI Task Force. In his career as a trooper and, previously, as a military police officer, Osby had handled approximately 1,000 DUI cases. At the intersection of Piedmont Road and Lindbergh Drive, Osby was stopped at the traffic light on Piedmont heading north when he noticed a black Nissan 350Z stopped across the intersection heading south. As the light turned green, the 350Z sped off at a high rate of speed, causing the car to spin out before gaining traction. Osby estimated the 350Z was traveling 50 to 55 mph in a 35 or 40 mph speed zone. Osby made a u-turn and pursued the car, which had sped away over a hill. Osby then stopped the 350Z and made contact with Sullivan. As Osby asked Sullivan for his driver’s license, he noticed a strong odor of alcohol coming from the car and observed that Sullivan’s eyes were bloodshot and watery. Osby then asked Sullivan to get out of his car and walk toward Osby’s patrol car. Sullivan was very slow to get out of his car, and Osby noticed Sullivan’s speech was slow and mumbled. When asked if he had been drinking prior to driving, Sullivan stated that he had a couple of beers prior to driving. Osby then asked Sullivan if he would submit to field sobriety tests, but Sullivan refused and said he knew he would be going to jail. Sullivan also refused the aleo-sensor test. Osby stated that, based on these facts and his training, it was his opinion that Sullivan was under the influence of alcohol to the extent it was less safe for him to drive.

Two prior incidents were admitted by the trial court as similar acts to show Sullivan’s bent of mind and course of conduct. On July 6, 2006, around 12:30 a.m., Corporal Hight of the Doraville Police Department was entering Interstate 285 from Buford Highway when he noticed a black Nissan 350Z pass him at a high rate of speed. Hight paced the 350Z for about a mile at 85 mph in a 55 mph speed zone. Hight activated his blue lights, but the 350Z continued on for a mile and a half before stopping. During this time, Hight observed that the driver appeared to be digging under the front seat. When the 350Z pulled over, Hight approached Sullivan’s car from the passenger side [443]*443and observed that Sullivan had bloodshot eyes, his speech was mumbled, and there was an odor of alcoholic beverage coming from inside the car. Hight told Sullivan he could smell alcohol and asked if Sullivan had been drinking. Sullivan said he had had nothing to drink all night. Hight got Sullivan out of his car and asked him to submit to field sobriety tests, which Sullivan refused. While talking to Sullivan, Hight observed that he was swaying and unsteady on his feet and he continued to mumble. Hight read the implied consent warning to Sullivan, who refused to take the breath test. Because he was driving a Mustang police car, Hight called for a transport unit. Hight walked Sullivan over to the guardrail to wait, and Sullivan nearly fell. Hight then searched Sullivan’s car and found two cold bottles of beer under the driver’s seat, one open and one unopened. Although Sullivan was charged with DUI, less safe, the charge was reduced to reckless driving.

On September 3, 2006, uniformed Hall County Sheriff’s Deputy Orme was fueling his marked police car at a convenience store around 2:00 a.m. when he heard an engine revving and noticed a black Nissan 350Z pulling into the gas station. The 350Z passed within two arm lengths of Orme, with the driver’s side nearest Orme. As the 350Z passed, Orme looked directly at Sullivan, who looked back at him. Orme noticed that Sullivan looked really sleepy and tired and his countenance was very droopy. As the 350Z was leaving the lot, Sullivan was gassing the car and spinning his tires. Orme finished fueling his patrol car and was responding to another call when he encountered the 350Z sitting sideways in the road blocking both northbound lanes on Highway 60. Sullivan and another man were outside the vehicle walking around in the rain and discharge from a nearby business’s sprinkler system. The driver’s side door of the 350Z was open and the leather interior was getting soaked. Orme advised Sullivan of this, and Sullivan shut the car door. Orme detected a strong odor of alcohol coming from Sullivan’s mouth and breath and observed that both Sullivan and the other man were staggering around the car. When Orme asked Sullivan how much he had had to drink, Sullivan told him he was not driving, even when Orme said he had seen Sullivan driving. Sullivan refused the alco-sensor test, saying he did not want to do any type of evaluations or incriminate himself. Orme arrested Sullivan and read the implied consent warning. Again, Sullivan refused the testing. Although charged with DUI, less safe, Sullivan was allowed to plead guilty to reckless driving.

1. In his first two enumerations, Sullivan contends that the trial court used the similar transaction evidence for an improper purpose and that, even prior to the enactment of the new Evidence Code, [444]*444effective January 1, 2013,3 this Court should not allow consideration of such evidence for any purpose. We disagree.

The trial court conducted a hearing regarding the proffered similar transaction evidence which was offered by the State for the purpose of showing Sullivan’s pattern of declining to take any testing when pulled over, i.e., to show his course of conduct and bent of mind. The trial court allowed the evidence for that limited purpose.

We review the trial court’s findings of fact regarding similar transaction evidence under the clearly erroneous standard and we will not disturb the trial court’s ultimate decision to admit evidence absent an abuse of discretion. See Reed v. State, 291 Ga. 10, 14(3) (727 SE2d 112) (2012) (for similar transaction evidence, we accept the trial court’s factual findings unless they are clearly erroneous; the decision to admit similar transaction evidence is within the trial court’s discretion and will not be disturbed absent an abuse of discretion).

Sullivan argues that the factual differences in the two similar transactions and the charged offense make the allowance of the similar transactions improper.

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Bluebook (online)
756 S.E.2d 671, 326 Ga. App. 441, 2014 Fulton County D. Rep. 935, 2014 WL 1098030, 2014 Ga. App. LEXIS 201, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/sullivan-v-state-gactapp-2014.