Succession of Gruce

683 So. 2d 362, 96 La.App. 1 Cir. 0238, 1996 La. App. LEXIS 2730, 1996 WL 666092
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedNovember 8, 1996
Docket96 CA 0238
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 683 So. 2d 362 (Succession of Gruce) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Succession of Gruce, 683 So. 2d 362, 96 La.App. 1 Cir. 0238, 1996 La. App. LEXIS 2730, 1996 WL 666092 (La. Ct. App. 1996).

Opinion

683 So.2d 362 (1996)

SUCCESSION OF Joseph M. GRUCE, Sr.

No. 96 CA 0238.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, First Circuit.

November 8, 1996.

*363 Bernard J. Francis, Sr., Donaldsonville, for Appellant, Joseph M. Gruce, Jr.

Richard Brazan, Jr., Donaldsonville, for Appellee, Succession of Joseph M. Gruce, Sr.

Philip G. Caire, Baton Rouge, for Appellee, Eleanor Gruce Bortnick.

Before WATKINS, KUHN and GUIDRY, JJ.[1]

GUIDRY, Judge.

This appeal arises from an attempted disinherison by a father of his daughter. The trial court concluded that the ground for disinherison was invalid and the father's son appealed the decision.[2]

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

Joseph Gruce, Sr., (the testator), died testate on April 14, 1995. He was survived by two children from two different marriages. The first child was the appellee, Eleanor Bortnick (Ms. Bortnick), and the second child was Joseph M. Gruce, Jr.[3] In the testator's "Last Will and Testament" dated January 29, 1993, the testator disinherited Ms. Bortnick with the following language:

I, JOSEPH M. GRUCE, desire to disinherit my child, Eleanor[4] Gruce Bortnick, because for over two years she has failed without just cause to communicate with me even though she lives in Baton Rouge and visits individuals living in my complex. She is not in the military service.

On May 12, 1995, a petition to probate the will was filed in which the disinherison provision was noted. Additionally, the petition contained a request for the issuance of a rule *364 ordering Ms. Bortnick to show cause why the will should not be probated. The hearing on the rule was held on June 19, 1995. At the hearing, Ms. Bortnick contested the disinherison provision, contending that the alleged ground stated for her disinherison did not exist. Specifically, Ms. Bortnick argued that she communicated with the testator on two occasions during the two year period before the testator executed his will in January 1993. The first occasion was in early 1992 when, accompanied by a friend, she delivered a casserole that she had prepared to the testator. The second occasion was in May 1992 when she drove her uncle and his wife to see the testator at his home. Only the uncle went up to see the testator; however, when the uncle left, the testator walked him to the car and said hello to Ms. Bortnick and her uncle's wife.

After hearing evidence from both sides, the court took the matter under advisement and ordered the filing of post-trial memoranda. Subsequently, the trial court ruled that the casserole incident in early 1992 was a communication, but the incidental exchange of greetings at the car was not a communication. The court also concluded that the relevant two year period was the two years immediately preceding the execution of the will. Thus, proof of the casserole incident allowed Ms. Bortnick to overcome the statutory presumption that the facts underlying the disinherison ground were true. A judgment ordering the probate of the will and declaring the disinherison provision invalid was signed on July 17, 1995.

It is from this judgment that Joseph M. Gruce, Jr., appeals, asserting two assignments of error. First, Joseph M. Gruce, Jr. argues that the trial court erred in finding that the casserole incident was a communication contemplated under La.C.C. art. 1621(12). Second, he asserts that the court erred in its conclusion that the two year period of no communication must occur immediately prior to the execution of the will.

LAW

Under La.C.C. art. 1621(12), a parent may disinherit a child "[i]f the child has known how to contact the parent, but has failed without just cause to communicate with the parent for a period of two years after attaining the age of majority, except when the child is on active duty in any of the military forces of the United States." Louisiana Civil Code article 1621 also provides that there shall be a rebuttable presumption as to the facts set out in the act of disinherison to support the causes of disinherison. Succession of Cure, 633 So.2d 590, 594 (La. App. 1st Cir.1993). The reasons for disinherison of a forced heir must be expressed by the testator in his will, and the forced heir who is disinherited by the will has the burden of proving that the cause stipulated for disinherison did not exist or that the forced heir had reconciled with the testator after the act or circumstance alleged to constitute the cause for disinherison. La.C.C. art. 1624; Cure, 633 So.2d at 594.

COMMUNICATION

Louisiana Civil Code article 1621(12) does not prescribe the form or manner of communication necessary to prevent the disinheritance. Additionally, at the present time, there is only one reported case, Succession of Steckler, 95-227 (La.App. 5th Cir. 11/28/95), 665 So.2d 561, that addresses the issue of what constitutes a "communication" under Article 1621(12). In Steckler, the court stated that "the only qualitative standard imposed on the communications referred to in La.C.C. art. 1621(12) is that it must be respectful and made known or conveyed to the parent." Steckler, 665 So.2d at 565. The court went on to find that proof that a child sent two Christmas cards and one birthday card to his parent in a two year period was a respectful communication that defeated the disinherison based on the twelfth ground of La.C.C. art. 1621. Steckler, 665 So.2d at 565. In reaching this conclusion, the Steckler court noted the absence from La.C.C. art. 1621(12) of a requirement that the parent respond to the act that constitutes the communication. Steckler, 665 So.2d at 565.

We agree with the Steckler court's interpretation of communication as contemplated by article 1621(12). Consequently, we find that the only qualitative requirement in *365 the statute is that the communication be respectful. We find that Ms. Bortnick's preparation and personal delivery of a casserole to the testator fits into the category of a respectful gift, which in turn constitutes a communication contemplated by article 1621(12). Thus, we agree with the trial court that the casserole incident constituted a communication.

TWO YEAR PERIOD

An issue also remains regarding what two year period of no communication is contemplated by La.C.C. art. 1621(12). In determining whether Ms. Bortnick met her burden of proving the ground for disinherison did not exist, the trial court only considered whether or not Ms. Bortnick communicated with the testator during the two year period immediately preceding the execution of his will. In its written reasons for judgment, the trial court stated "[t]he two year period mentioned in La.C.C. art. 1621(12) must be interpreted to be two years prior to confecting the will." There was no authority cited for this "mandatory" interpretation of the relevant two year period by the trial court. Appellant contends that this narrow interpretation of the statute was wrong.

The grounds for disinherison were liberalized by Act 456 of the 1985 legislative session.

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736 So. 2d 902 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 1999)

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Bluebook (online)
683 So. 2d 362, 96 La.App. 1 Cir. 0238, 1996 La. App. LEXIS 2730, 1996 WL 666092, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/succession-of-gruce-lactapp-1996.