The opinion of the court was delivered by
DeBlanc, J.
Frangois Bougere died in the State of Louisiana. His» [423]*423legal representatives reside, some here,- others in France. E. Filleul, the executor appointed by said deceased’s will died, and Aehille L>. Bougére, the public administrator of the parish of St. Charles was — in his stead — appointed as dative testamentary executor. In that capacity, he filed a tableau of proposed distribution, which was homologated on the 19th of July 1876, so far as not opposed.
Mrs. Amélie Richard, as assignee of one of the heirs of Frangois Bougére, disputes the correctness and opposes the allowance of the clauses hereafter mentioned and carried in the tableau filed by said executor.
1. The rate and amount of the commission which he charges against the succession. ,
2. McLeran’s account as surveyor.
3. A draft of E. Filleul, the former executor, in favor of Levois & Jamison.
The opponent also asks that — in the proposed distribution, funds of the succession, which are deposited in a bank in France, be taken into consideration.
I. •
In case of successive administrations, the commission to which each of the incumbents is entitled, must be reckoned on the portion of the estate which — at the date of each appointment — is, or remains to be administered.
When Aehille D. Bougére was appointed as executor, what portion of Francois’ estate was still subject to administration? He, then, caused an inventory to be made, and we are informed — by that inventory — that the remainder of the estate in Louisiana, was compose.d of abalance of funds deposited in the State National Bank, and which — with the interest thereon' — aggregated the sum of.......................$12,707 49 and of notes, including one for which the last executor is
liable, amounting, together, to......................... 12,467 46 J-
Total...........................................$25,174 95J
on which Aehille D. Bougére claims a commission of five per cent.
The money deposited in bank was collected by the first executor, and he alone was entitled to and received a commission thereon. That money passed under the control of the second executor, subject to only a division of the same between those to whom it belonged, and the mere division of funds collected by one of the executors, and on which that one has taken the whole of his commission, does not constitute an additional administration of those funds, and justify an additional compensation to his successor.
When Aehille D. Bougére was appointed dative testamentary executor of'the last will of Frangois Bougére, he was indebted unto the sue-[424]*424cession of said deceased for $2062 92§, and opponent contends that he should be allowed no commission for the collection of that amount from himself. The amount then due was evidenced by a note, and the note was one of the unrealized effects which passed under the administration of the second executor. It is included in the inventory on which a commission is charged, and no further commission can be charged for its collection.
The statute of 1870 provides that “ the public administrator shall receive five per cent on all collections &c.; but this clause must be construed as applying to the collection of claims not carried in the inventory, or which — if carried — are therein classed as bad debts, and on which no commission has once been levied. "When debts so classed are subsequently collected, the executor — on such collections — is entitled to the per centage allowed by law. If otherwise, then on the day the inventory is made, the executor might commence his administration by taking a commission measured to the amount of the inventory, take on the appraised value of notes and property, and again on the proceeds realized from the recovery of the same notes, from the sale of the same property. Such a charge is authorized neither by the Code, nor by the statute of 1870.
II.
The opposition to McLeran’s account, as surveyor, though mentioned on the first page of the- appellee’s brief as one of the only four oppositions to be urged in this court, is not referred to in any other portion of said brief ; and — wore it otherwise — the disputed account is sustained by the evidence and was properly allowed.
III.
The excluded testimony of Charles E. Claiborne Esq., tending to show that Elie Bougere has no longer any interest in the funds in France — that, in 1874, he sold his interest therein to Levois & Jamison, and thus to substantiate the latter’s claim and j ustify its acknowledgment by the executor, should have been admitted. That testimony, judging from the tenor of the bill of exception taken by the executor’s counsel, was not offered to prove the existence of a debt created by either the first or the second executor, but a transfer by one of the legatees of his share of funds deposited in a bank in France. If its correctness be hereafter established by the admission of the excluded evidence, or otherwise, that claim should not be classed among the liabilities of the succession, but as a payment made to Elie Bougere and in deduction of his share.
IV.
The funds deposited in France are a part of the succession and should — by the executor — be taken into account, in the settlement of [425]*425said succession: if practicable, the legatees who are in France should be paid out of exclusively the funds deposited with the French bankers, and the legatees residing in Louisiana out of the funds in this State.
As said by this court, in Hepp et al. vs. Lafon et al., executors, “ the obligations we owe to our own citizens would prevent us from sending one of them to seek in foreign tribunals for that justice which we perceive he is entitled to and we have the means of extending to him, etc.”
2 N. S. 447 ; 13th L. R. 298; 6 A. 152 ; Story on the Conflict of Laws § 513 ; 3 Pickering 128.
V.
The last questions raised by appellee’s counsel, one in his brief, the other in his pleadings, are:
1. “That this was pot a case in which the public administrator could have been appointed, in his official capacity, as executor of the last will of Frangois Bougere.”
2. “That having filed his account as dative testamentary executor, he can not now gainsay what he has so alleged for the iniquitable purpose of charging extortionate commissions.”
Under the law, the public administrator can be called upon or claim to administer intestate successions when there is no surviving husband or'wife, or heir present or represented in the State, and testate successions when — from any cause — the executor can not discharge the duties of his office.
In this case, the executor appointed by the will was dead, some of the heirs — the second executor is one of them — were and are present in the State, and the puhlic administrator could not have been — as such — legally appointed as dative testamentary executor of the will of Frangois Bougere. The only evidence in the record of his appointment is a certificate from the clerk, which is in these words: “ Now, know ye that Achille D. Bougere, public administrator of the parish of St.
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The opinion of the court was delivered by
DeBlanc, J.
Frangois Bougere died in the State of Louisiana. His» [423]*423legal representatives reside, some here,- others in France. E. Filleul, the executor appointed by said deceased’s will died, and Aehille L>. Bougére, the public administrator of the parish of St. Charles was — in his stead — appointed as dative testamentary executor. In that capacity, he filed a tableau of proposed distribution, which was homologated on the 19th of July 1876, so far as not opposed.
Mrs. Amélie Richard, as assignee of one of the heirs of Frangois Bougére, disputes the correctness and opposes the allowance of the clauses hereafter mentioned and carried in the tableau filed by said executor.
1. The rate and amount of the commission which he charges against the succession. ,
2. McLeran’s account as surveyor.
3. A draft of E. Filleul, the former executor, in favor of Levois & Jamison.
The opponent also asks that — in the proposed distribution, funds of the succession, which are deposited in a bank in France, be taken into consideration.
I. •
In case of successive administrations, the commission to which each of the incumbents is entitled, must be reckoned on the portion of the estate which — at the date of each appointment — is, or remains to be administered.
When Aehille D. Bougére was appointed as executor, what portion of Francois’ estate was still subject to administration? He, then, caused an inventory to be made, and we are informed — by that inventory — that the remainder of the estate in Louisiana, was compose.d of abalance of funds deposited in the State National Bank, and which — with the interest thereon' — aggregated the sum of.......................$12,707 49 and of notes, including one for which the last executor is
liable, amounting, together, to......................... 12,467 46 J-
Total...........................................$25,174 95J
on which Aehille D. Bougére claims a commission of five per cent.
The money deposited in bank was collected by the first executor, and he alone was entitled to and received a commission thereon. That money passed under the control of the second executor, subject to only a division of the same between those to whom it belonged, and the mere division of funds collected by one of the executors, and on which that one has taken the whole of his commission, does not constitute an additional administration of those funds, and justify an additional compensation to his successor.
When Aehille D. Bougére was appointed dative testamentary executor of'the last will of Frangois Bougére, he was indebted unto the sue-[424]*424cession of said deceased for $2062 92§, and opponent contends that he should be allowed no commission for the collection of that amount from himself. The amount then due was evidenced by a note, and the note was one of the unrealized effects which passed under the administration of the second executor. It is included in the inventory on which a commission is charged, and no further commission can be charged for its collection.
The statute of 1870 provides that “ the public administrator shall receive five per cent on all collections &c.; but this clause must be construed as applying to the collection of claims not carried in the inventory, or which — if carried — are therein classed as bad debts, and on which no commission has once been levied. "When debts so classed are subsequently collected, the executor — on such collections — is entitled to the per centage allowed by law. If otherwise, then on the day the inventory is made, the executor might commence his administration by taking a commission measured to the amount of the inventory, take on the appraised value of notes and property, and again on the proceeds realized from the recovery of the same notes, from the sale of the same property. Such a charge is authorized neither by the Code, nor by the statute of 1870.
II.
The opposition to McLeran’s account, as surveyor, though mentioned on the first page of the- appellee’s brief as one of the only four oppositions to be urged in this court, is not referred to in any other portion of said brief ; and — wore it otherwise — the disputed account is sustained by the evidence and was properly allowed.
III.
The excluded testimony of Charles E. Claiborne Esq., tending to show that Elie Bougere has no longer any interest in the funds in France — that, in 1874, he sold his interest therein to Levois & Jamison, and thus to substantiate the latter’s claim and j ustify its acknowledgment by the executor, should have been admitted. That testimony, judging from the tenor of the bill of exception taken by the executor’s counsel, was not offered to prove the existence of a debt created by either the first or the second executor, but a transfer by one of the legatees of his share of funds deposited in a bank in France. If its correctness be hereafter established by the admission of the excluded evidence, or otherwise, that claim should not be classed among the liabilities of the succession, but as a payment made to Elie Bougere and in deduction of his share.
IV.
The funds deposited in France are a part of the succession and should — by the executor — be taken into account, in the settlement of [425]*425said succession: if practicable, the legatees who are in France should be paid out of exclusively the funds deposited with the French bankers, and the legatees residing in Louisiana out of the funds in this State.
As said by this court, in Hepp et al. vs. Lafon et al., executors, “ the obligations we owe to our own citizens would prevent us from sending one of them to seek in foreign tribunals for that justice which we perceive he is entitled to and we have the means of extending to him, etc.”
2 N. S. 447 ; 13th L. R. 298; 6 A. 152 ; Story on the Conflict of Laws § 513 ; 3 Pickering 128.
V.
The last questions raised by appellee’s counsel, one in his brief, the other in his pleadings, are:
1. “That this was pot a case in which the public administrator could have been appointed, in his official capacity, as executor of the last will of Frangois Bougere.”
2. “That having filed his account as dative testamentary executor, he can not now gainsay what he has so alleged for the iniquitable purpose of charging extortionate commissions.”
Under the law, the public administrator can be called upon or claim to administer intestate successions when there is no surviving husband or'wife, or heir present or represented in the State, and testate successions when — from any cause — the executor can not discharge the duties of his office.
In this case, the executor appointed by the will was dead, some of the heirs — the second executor is one of them — were and are present in the State, and the puhlic administrator could not have been — as such — legally appointed as dative testamentary executor of the will of Frangois Bougere. The only evidence in the record of his appointment is a certificate from the clerk, which is in these words: “ Now, know ye that Achille D. Bougere, public administrator of the parish of St. Charles, has been and he is hereby appointed dative testamentary executor to the said succession.”
The qualification of “ public administrator” is attached to his name, and does in no way qualify, his appointment as executor. In his application to obtain that appointment, he expressly relied on the third section of act No. 87 of the regular session of the Legislature, in 1870 — and that section — it is evident — provides for only those cases when — though living — the executor, from any'cause, can not discharge the duties of his office. The original appointment not being in the transcript, we must presume that, though Achille D. Bougere applied for the executorship in a capacity and under a law which did not entitle him to it, that executorship was conferred upon him as ah heir and under the general law. His commission was properly reduced from four to two and a half per [426]*426cent. His right to defray out of the succession the necessary expenses to be incurred for the distribution of the funds which are in France, and for his settlement — in regard to these funds — with all the interested parties, is specially reserved. R. C. C. 1682.
It is therefore ordered, adjudged, and decreed that the judgment of the lower court be partly reversed and partly amended as follows, to wit;
1. It is ordered that, in the settlement of the succession of Francois Bougere, the dative testamentary executor take into consideration the funds thereto belonging and deposited in France — and, as far as practicable, that the legatees there residing be paid out of said funds— and the legatees residing in Louisiana out of the funds in this S tate.
2. It is further ordered that said executor levy, for his own benefit, a commission of two and a half per cent on all of the assets of tlie succession included and described in the inventory of the same, made by Charles Theodore Soniat, a notary public, on the 18th of April, 1876, except the funds deposited in the State National Bank.
3. -It is also ordered that, as concerns the question of costs incurred in the lower court, the rejection of the claim of Levois & Jamison and the order consequent on that rejection, commanding the executor to credit opponent with the four forty-eighth part of the funds in France, the judgment of the lower court is avoided and reversed, and in this case remanded for a new trial of only these two last mentioned branches of this controversy and as to the costs.
4. It is lastly ordered that, in all other respects, the judgment appealed from is affirmed,' and that it is so partly affirmed, amended, ■ and reversed, and a new trial granted, as between exclusively the parties to this appeal: the costs of the appeal to be paid by opponent.