Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.242.101.143

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-1345 (PJS/DJF)

Plaintiff,

v.

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.94.13.20,

Defendant.

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-1347 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 174.53.226.147,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-1348 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 72.50.194.51, Defendant.

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-1349 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 75.73.98.214,

Defendant. Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-1350 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.228.151.147, Defendant.

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-1351 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 69.180.175.152,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-1352 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 174.141.202.254,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-1353 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.242.101.143,

Defendant. Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-1355 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.164.59.142,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-1943 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 207.153.1.220, Defendant.

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2380 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 68.168.161.196,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2381 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.164.111.125, Defendant. Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2382 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.65.121.67,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2385 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 207.153.39.125,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2386 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 98.46.116.102,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2387 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 35.148.54.121,

Defendant. Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2388 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.65.10.145,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2389 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 68.47.37.95, Defendant.

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2390 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 206.55.183.241,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2391 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 75.73.95.52,

Defendant. Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2393 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 96.42.86.56,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2399 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 96.42.97.107,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2400 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 98.240.156.229,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2401 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 107.2.94.179,

Defendant. Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2403 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 68.46.44.198,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2404 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 66.41.53.167,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2407 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 75.73.223.130,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2408 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.94.160.225,

Defendant. Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2728 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 174.141.200.72, Defendant.

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2729 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 66.41.44.241,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2730 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 174.53.138.113,

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2731 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 72.50.203.142,

Defendant. Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, Case No. 25-cv-2732 (PJS/DJF)

John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 75.72.165.25,

Defendant. OMNIBUS ORDER This matter is before the Court on Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s (“Strike 3”) ex parte Motion s for Leave to Serve Third-Party Subpoenas Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, which Strike 3 filed in thirty-three separate cases in the District of Minnesota. Strike 3 alleges similar claims of copyright infringement in each case, and the motions Strike 3 filed in these cases are substantively the same. Therefore, the Court addresses each of the thirty-three motions in a single Omnibus Order.1

1 The Court has filed seven similar Omnibus Orders addressing substantively similar ex parte motions for expedited discovery that Strike 3 filed in numerous other, nearly identical cases in 2023-2024. See, e.g., Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Nos. 24-cv-4057 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4059 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4060 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4061 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4062 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4064 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4073 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4074 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4295 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4296 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4297 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4298 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4299 (PJS/DJF),24-cv-4300 (PJS/DJF), 24-cv-4301 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-35 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-37 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-38 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-39 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-40 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-569 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-570 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-571 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-572 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-573 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-574 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-575 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-576 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-577 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-578 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-579 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-580 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-592 (PJS/DJF),25-cv-593 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-594 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-595 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-596 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-597 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-945 (PJS/DJF); 25-cv-946 (PJS/DJF); 25-cv-947 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-948 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-950 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-951 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-952 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-953 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-954 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-955 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-957 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-958 (PJS/DJF), 25-cv-959 (PJS/DJF); 25-cv-960 (PJS/DJF), 2025 WL 1119473 (D. Minn. BACKGROUND From April to June 2025, Strike 3 filed thirty-three cases against John Doe defendants in the District of Minnesota: Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1345 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1347 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1348

(PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1349 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1350 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1351 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1352 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25- cv-1353 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1355 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1943 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2380 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2381 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2382 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2385 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2386 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25- cv-2387 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2388 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2389 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2390

(PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2391 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2393 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2399 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2400 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25- cv-2401 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2403 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2404 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2407 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2408 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2728 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2729 (PJS/DJF);

April 11, 2025) (citing previous Omnibus Orders). This Omnibus Order mirrors the Court’s previous Omnibus Orders. Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2730 (PJS/DJF); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25- cv-2731 (PJS/DJF); and Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2732 (PJS/DJF).2 In each of those cases, Strike 3 alleges a John Doe Defendant (“Defendant”) committed copyright infringement by unlawfully downloading and distributing Strike 3’s copyrighted movies.3 (ECF No. 1 ¶ 4.) Strike 3 distributes its copyrighted movies through adult websites and

DVDs. (Id. ¶ 3.) Strike 3 alleges each Defendant used a BitTorrent file distribution protocol to download the movies and illegally distribute them over the internet. (Id. ¶ 4.) Strike 3 states that it operates a proprietary infringement detection system (“VXN”), which monitored and detected that each Defendant’s IP address was illegally distributing one or more of Strike 3’s copyrighted works. (Id. ¶¶ 27-39.) Strike 3 has not been able to identify any Defendant other than by his or her IP address, but it alleges each Defendant’s Internet Service Provider (“ISP”) is able to identify the alleged infringer by name and address using the IP address. (Id. ¶¶ 5, 12.) In each of the thirty-three cases, Strike 3 filed a substantively similar ex parte Motion for

2 In addition to the cases Strike 3 filed in this District from 2023 to 2025, Strike 3 similarly filed eight nearly identical cases against John Doe Defendants in March 2018: Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-768 (DSD/FLN), 2018 WL 1924455 (D. Minn. Apr. 24, 2018); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-771 (DWF/HB), 2018 WL 2278110 (D. Minn. May 18, 2018); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-773 (JRT/DTS), slip op. (D. Minn. Apr. 30, 2018); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-774 (DWF/DTS), 2018 WL 4210202 (D. Minn. Sept. 4, 2018); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 18-cv-00775 (PJS/SER) slip. op. (D. Minn. May 25, 2018); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-777 (JRT/BRT), 2018 WL 2078707, at *4 (D. Minn. May 4, 2018); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-778 (PJS/HB), 2018 WL 2278111, at *5-6 (D. Minn. May 18, 2018); and Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-779 (WMW/SER), slip op. at 8-10 (D. Minn. May 25, 2018). 3 The Court has reviewed all the Complaints Strike 3 filed from April to June 2025 and notes they are nearly identical, save for the IP addresses linked to each Defendant, the Defendant’s Internet Service Provider, and the number of works each Defendant allegedly infringed. Moreover, the Motion and supporting documents filed in each case are also substantively similar. Therefore, for ease of reference, the Court cites only to the docket entries filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1345 (PJS/DJF). Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference (“Motion”).4 See, e.g., Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1345 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5). Strike 3 contends that because VXN can identify each Defendant only by an IP address assigned by his or her ISP, the ISP is the only party with the information necessary to identify the Defendant by correlating the

IP address with the Defendant’s identity. (ECF No. 6 at 1-2.) Strike 3 seeks leave to serve limited, immediate discovery on each Defendant’s ISP so that Strike 3 may learn the Defendant’s identity,

4 Strike 3 filed the Motion in nine cases on April 17, 2025: Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1345 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1347 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1348 (PJS/DJF (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1349 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1350 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1351 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1352 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1353 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); and Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1355 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5). Strike 3 filed the Motion in one case on May 21, 2025: Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1943 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5). Strike 3 filed the Motion in nine cases on June 16, 2025: Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2380 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2381 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2382 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2385 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2386 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2387 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2388 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2389 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); and Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2390 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5). Strike 3 filed the Motion nine cases on June 17, 2025: Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2391 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2393 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2399 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 7); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2400 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2401 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2403 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2404 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2407 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); and Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2408 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5). Strike 3 filed the Motion in five cases on July 18, 2025: Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2728 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2729 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2730 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2731 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5) and Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2732 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5). investigate the Defendant’s role in the alleged infringement, and effectuate service on the Defendant. (Id at 1.) To accomplish this, Strike 3 seeks leave to serve a Rule 45 subpoena on each Defendant’s ISP before a Rule 26(f) conference is held in this matter.5 (Id. at 2.)

5 Strike 3 identifies Comcast Cable as the ISP in the following cases: Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1345 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1347 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1349 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1350 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1351 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1353 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1355 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2381 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2382 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2386 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2388 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2389 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2391 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2400 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2401 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2403 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2404 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2407 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2408 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2729 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2730 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); and Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2732 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5). Strike 3 identifies US Internet Corp as the ISP in the following cases: Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1348 (PJS/DJF (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1352 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-1943 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2380 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2385 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2390 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2728 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); and Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2731 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5). Strike 3 identifies Spectrum as the ISP in the following cases: Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2387 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2393 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5); and Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 25-cv-2399 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 7). DISCUSSION I. Legal Standard Litigants generally “may not seek discovery from any source before the parties have conferred as required by Rule 26(f), except … when authorized by these rules, by stipulation, or

by court order.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(d)(1). Expedited discovery may be warranted, though, in cases in which the defendant’s identity is unknown. See, e.g., Minnetonka Moccasin Co., Inc. v. Does, Civ. No. 22-87 (PJS/TNL), 2022 WL 1055746, at *2 (D. Minn. Apr. 8, 2022) (citing Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, No. 18-cv-778 (PJS/HB), 2018 WL 2278111, at *3 (D. Minn. May 18, 2018)). Although the Eighth Circuit has not articulated a standard governing when expedited discovery is appropriate, courts in this district typically apply a “good cause standard.” Council on Am.-Islamic Rels.—Minnesota v. Atlas Aegis, LLC, 497 F. Supp. 3d 371, 380 (D. Minn. 2020). “Under the good cause standard, the party seeking expedited discovery must show that the need for expediting, in consideration of administration of justice, outweighs prejudice to the

responding party.” Id. at 380 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). In similar cases Strike 3 filed in 2018, 2023, and 2024, courts in this district applied the factors set forth in Arista Records, LLC v. Doe, 604 F.3d 110, 119 (2d Cir. 2010): (1) the concreteness of the plaintiff’s showing of a prima facie claim of actionable harm, (2) the specificity of the discovery request, (3) the absence of alternative means to obtain the subpoenaed information, (4) the need for the subpoenaed information to advance the claim, and (5) the objecting party’s expectation of privacy.

Based on these factors, the courts in the majority of these cases found expedited discovery was appropriate. See, e.g., Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, 2025 WL 1119473 (D. Minn. Apr. 11, 2025) (citing previous Omnibus Orders and finding good cause under the Arista Records factors to allow expedited discovery); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, 330 F.R.D. 552, 556 (D. Minn. 2019) (vacating order that denied Strike 3’s motion for leave to serve a third-party subpoena based on the Arista Records factors); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-774 (DWF/DTS), 2018 WL 4210202, at *2-3 (D. Minn. Sept. 4, 2018) (same); Strike 3 Holdings,

LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-777 (JRT/BRT), 2018 WL 2078707, at *1-3 (D. Minn. May 4, 2018) (finding good cause under the Arista Records factors to allow expedited discovery); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-771 (DWF/HB), 2018 WL 2278110, at *5 (D. Minn. May 18, 2018) (same); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-778 (PJS/HB), 2018 WL 2278111, at *5-6 (D. Minn. May 18, 2018) (same); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-779 (WMW/SER), slip op. at 8-10 (D. Minn. May 25, 2018) (same). But see Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, 329 F.R.D. 606, 610 (D. Minn. 2018) (denying motion to serve third-party subpoena based on privacy concerns), vacated by Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, 330 F.R.D. 552, 556 (D. Minn. 2019); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-774 (DWF/DTS), slip op. (D. Minn. April 30, 2018) (same), vacated by Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, Civ. No. 18-

774 (DWF/DTS), 2018 WL 4210202, at *2-3 (D. Minn. Sept. 4, 2018); Strike 3 Holdings, LLC, v. Doe, Civ. No.18-768 (DSD/FLN), 2018 WL 1924455 (D. Minn. Apr. 24, 2018). Applying the Arista Records factors to the thirty-three cases now before the Court, the Court concludes expedited discovery is warranted because: (1) Strike 3 has stated an actionable claim of copyright infringement;6 (2) the discovery request is specific in that it seeks only each

6 “The elements of copyright infringement are: (1) ownership of a valid copyright; and (2) copying of original elements of the copyrighted work.” Warner Bros. Entm’t v. X One X Prods., 644 F.3d 584, 595 (8th Cir. 2011). Strike 3 sufficiently alleges that it is the owner of copyrighted works, that each Defendant copied and distributed the works owned by Strike 3, and that Strike 3 did not authorize the Defendant’s distribution of the copyrighted works. (ECF No. 1 ¶¶ 2, 4, 43, 45.) Defendant’s name and address; (3) there are no alternative ways to obtain the information;7 (4) the case cannot proceed without each Defendant’s identity; and (5) with appropriate privacy guardrails in place as set forth below, Strike 3’s right to use the judicial process to pursue its copyright claims outweighs each Defendant’s expectation of privacy.

The Court is cognizant of the risk that a Defendant subscriber may not be the actual infringer and yet could be implicated in a case involving sensitive and potentially embarrassing subject matter. See, e.g., Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, 2025 WL 1119473 (D. Minn. Apr. 11, 2025) (citing previous Omnibus Orders finding same); see also Media Prods., Inc. v. Does 1–26, No. 12-cv-3719, 2012 WL 2190613, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. June 12, 2012) (“The fact that a copyrighted work was illegally downloaded from a certain IP address does not necessarily mean that the owner of that IP address was the infringer.”). In light of these valid privacy concerns, the Court issues a limited protective order to protect the rights of each unnamed Defendant subscriber, as set forth below. ORDER

Based on the foregoing, and on all the files, records, and proceedings herein, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT: 1. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe

7 While the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”) establishes a procedure enabling a copyright holder to obtain and serve subpoenas on ISPs for identification of an alleged infringer under certain conditions, the Eighth Circuit held that the process does not apply when, as in these cases, an ISP merely acts as a conduit for data transferred between two internet users. In re Charter Communications, 393 F.3d 771, 775-77 (8th Cir. 2005). When an ISP acts only as a conduit, the Eighth Circuit endorsed the procedure Strike 3 employed here, namely, to identify alleged infringers by filing a “John Doe” lawsuit, along with a motion for third-party discovery of the identity of the otherwise anonymous “John Doe” defendant. Id. at 775 n.3. subscriber assigned IP address 73.94.13.20, No. 25-cv-1345 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 2. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe

subscriber assigned IP address 174.53.226.147, No. 25-cv-1347 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 3. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 72.50.194.51, No. 25-cv-1348 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 4. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 75.73.98.214, No. 25-cv-1349 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below.

5. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.228.151.147, No. 25-cv-1350 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 6. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 69.180.175.152, No. 25-cv-1351 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 7. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 174.141.202.254, No. 25-cv-1352 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below.

8. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.242.101.143, No. 25-cv-1353 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 9. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.164.59.142, No. 25-cv-1355 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 10. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe

subscriber assigned IP address 207.153.48.39, No. 25-cv-1943 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 11. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 68.168.161.196, No. 25-cv-2380 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 12. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.164.111.125, No. 25-cv-2381 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 13. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe

subscriber assigned IP address 73.65.121.67, No. 25-cv-2382 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 14. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 207.153.39.125, No. 25-cv-2385 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 15. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 98.46.116.102, No. 25-cv-2386 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below.

16. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 35.148.54.121, No. 25-cv-2387 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 17. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.65.10.145, No. 25-cv-2388 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 18. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 68.47.37.95, No. 25-cv-2389 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below.

19. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 206.55.183.241, No. 25-cv-2390 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 20. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 75.73.95.52, No. 25-cv-2391 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 21. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe

subscriber assigned IP address 96.42.86.56, No. 25-cv-2393 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 22. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 96.42.97.107, No. 25-cv-2399 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 7), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 23. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 98.240.156.229, No. 25-cv-2400 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 24. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe

subscriber assigned IP address 107.2.94.179, No. 25-cv-2401 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 25. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 68.46.44.198, No. 25-cv-2403 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 26. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 66.41.53.167, No. 25-cv-2404 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below.

27. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 75.73.223.130, No. 25-cv-2407 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 28. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 73.94.160.225, No. 25-cv-2408 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 29. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 174.141.200.72, No. 25-cv-2728 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below.

30. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 66.41.44.241, No. 25-cv-2729 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 31. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 174.53.138.113, No. 25-cv-2730 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 32. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe

subscriber assigned IP address 72.50.203.142, No. 25-cv-2731 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 33. Plaintiff Strike 3 Holdings, LLC’s ex parte Motion for Leave to Serve a Third-Party Subpoena Prior to a Rule 26(f) Conference, filed in Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe subscriber assigned IP address 75.72.165.25, No. 25-cv-2732 (PJS/DJF) (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED as set forth in paragraphs 34-39 below. 34. Plaintiff may serve a subpoena pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45 on the Defendant’s Internet Service Provider, seeking only the name and address of the subscriber assigned to the IP address identified in the Complaint for the time periods of the alleged infringing activity outlined in Exhibit A to Plaintiff’s Complaint (ECF No. 1-1). 35. The subpoena must provide a minimum of sixty (60) days’ notice before any production is required and shall be limited to one category of documents identifying the particular subscriber identified in the Complaint. The requested information shall be limited to the name and

address of the subscriber during the time period of the alleged infringing activity referenced in Exhibit A to the Complaint (ECF No. 1-1). The Internet Service Provider may seek a protective order if it determines there is a legitimate basis for doing so. 36. The Internet Service Provider shall have fourteen (14) calendar days after service of the subpoena to notify the subscriber that Plaintiff has subpoenaed the subscriber’s identity. The subscriber whose identity has been subpoenaed shall then have forty-five (45) calendar days from the date of the notice to seek a protective order, file any responsive pleading, or both. 37. Plaintiff shall serve a copy of this Order with any subpoena obtained and served pursuant to this Order on the Internet Service Provider. The Internet Service Provider, in turn, must provide a copy of this Order along with the required notice to the subscriber whose identity

is sought pursuant to this Order. When providing its response or objection to the subpoena, the Internet Service Provider must certify that it has provided a copy of this Order and the required notice to the subscriber and state the date such notice was provided. No other discovery is authorized at this time. 38. Plaintiff must not publicly disclose the information disclosed in response to the subpoena until the Defendant has had an opportunity to file a motion with the Court allowing the Defendant to proceed in this litigation anonymously and the Court rules on any such motion. If the Defendant does not file a motion for leave to proceed anonymously within forty-five (45) calendar days after his or her information is disclosed to Plaintiff’s counsel, this limited protective order will expire. If the Defendant includes identifying information in his or her request to proceed anonymously, the Court finds good cause to order the request temporarily filed under seal until the Court rules on the request and considers whether such materials should remain under seal. 39. On or before September 23, 2025, Plaintiff shall file a status report in each of the

thirty-three cases addressed in this Order. The status report shall outline the progress of the discovery authorized by this Order and must not include any information regarding the Defendant’s identity. Dated: July 28, 2025 s/ Dulce J. Foster DULCE J. FOSTER United States Magistrate Judge